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Complete Multivitamin

Bayer One A Day Men's
4.7
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(2707 ratings)
Iodine 150 mcg
Copper 0.9 mg
Manganese 2.3 mg
Selenium 55 mcg
Product Image
Score84
A broad, practical iron-free multivitamin with useful daily amounts and no hidden blend. Limited form disclosure keeps it below better-specified formulas.
How scoring works
Quantity:60 Tablet(s) • (60 servings)
Goals:
General Health
Immunity
Energy
Hair Health

Score 84

A broad, practical iron-free multivitamin with useful daily amounts and no hidden blend. Limited form disclosure keeps it below better-specified formulas.
How scoring works

Also available as

1 option
200 servings 1 Tablet(s) • 200 Tablet(s) • 200 servings $13.99 ($0.06 per serving)
$7.98($0.13 per serving)
Walmart
$ 7.98
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Analysis

The formula covers the major vitamins plus useful iodine, zinc, selenium, manganese, calcium, and magnesium. An iron-free design is appropriate for many men who do not need supplemental iron.

Amounts are generally sensible for routine coverage, but most nutrient forms are missing. That prevents a close assessment of folate, B12, magnesium, zinc, selenium, and other ingredients where form can materially affect suitability.

The one-tablet format and broad panel make it a practical everyday option. It is best for basic gap-filling, while users who care about active forms or higher mineral doses should choose a more transparent formula.

Who is it for
  • Men seeking an iron-free daily multivitamin
  • Adults wanting broad one-tablet coverage
  • Value-focused users who prioritize basic nutrient amounts
Best for
  • General micronutrient gap-filling
  • Routine iodine and zinc coverage
  • Simple once-daily use

Pros

  • Broad vitamin and mineral panel
  • Iron-free formula suits many adult men
  • No proprietary nutrient blend
  • One-tablet daily format

Cons

  • Most chemical forms are not identified
  • Calcium and magnesium remain partial rather than comprehensive
  • Form quality of folate and vitamin B12 cannot be assessed

Warnings

  • The 30 mcg vitamin K serving may matter for people using vitamin K antagonist medicines such as warfarin
  • The 150 mcg iodine amount may need review for people managing thyroid disease or thyroid medication

Nutrient quality

80 High impact

The listed amounts avoid an obvious excessive-dose concern. Many nutrient compounds are not identified, preventing absorption assessment.

Ingredient transparency

76 High impact

The listed active nutrients have specific amounts. A complete inactive ingredient list is not supplied.

Customer satisfaction

89 Highest impact

The large review count makes the aggregate rating highly reliable. Specific experiences are absent, but the aggregate rating is broadly consistent with satisfaction.

Value for money

94 Highest impact

The supply provides excellent value per daily serving. The nutrient forms and breadth strongly support qualitative value.

Report analysis

Goals

General Health
General Health
Impact
Highest effect
A Goal FitB Strength of SupportA CoverageA Formula Quality
Folate · 400 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 6.24 mcgVitamin D · 25 mcgMagnesium · 120 mgVitamin K · 30 mcgSelenium · 55 mcgZinc · 11 mgVitamin C · 99 mg

The multivitamin covers many foundational needs through vitamins, trace minerals, and moderate calcium and magnesium. Its breadth aligns well with filling routine nutritional gaps.

Amounts are clearly listed, but chemical forms are missing for many nutrients and magnesium is below a full standalone dose. The concise one-tablet design remains coherent without proprietary blends or distracting extras.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 114 studies
Immunity
Immunity
Impact
High effect
B+ Goal FitD+ Strength of SupportB CoverageA- Formula Quality
Magnesium · 120 mgVitamin C · 99 mgZinc · 11 mgVitamin A · 900 mcgVitamin D · 25 mcgSelenium · 55 mcg

The once-daily multivitamin supplies vitamins A, C, and D with zinc and selenium for broad immune maintenance. These nutrients cover barrier, cellular, and antioxidant functions.

Zinc, vitamin C, and selenium sit below focused immune targets, while most chemical forms are undisclosed. The product supports daily nutritional coverage more than acute or intensive immune use.

Study evidence
Selenium Mixed 37 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 85 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Energy
Essential Energy Nutrients
Energy
Impact
High effect
B Goal FitD+ Strength of SupportC+ CoverageA- Formula Quality
Iodine · 150 mcgVitamin D · 25 mcgVitamin B5 · 15.5 mgMagnesium · 120 mgRiboflavin · 1.43 mgThiamin · 1.07 mgVitamin B12 · 6.24 mcgIron · mg

Iodine and B vitamins support thyroid hormone production and conversion of food into energy. The broad multivitamin helps maintain nutrient adequacy but does not deliver a dedicated energy active.

Iodine reaches a maintenance amount, while magnesium and B12 fall below the stated high-potency targets. Missing nutrient source forms limit absorption assessment despite clear amounts.

Study evidence
Iodine Adverse 3 studies
Magnesium Supportive 4 studies
Hair Health
Hair Health
Impact
Moderate effect
C Goal FitD Strength of SupportC+ CoverageB- Formula Quality
Biotin · 43 mcgVitamin D · 25 mcgZinc · 11 mgIron · mgVitamin C · 99 mg

Vitamin D, zinc, selenium, iodine, copper, and biotin provide a broad nutritional foundation for hair maintenance. The amounts are mainly suited to routine support and do not supply a structural protein or targeted botanical.

Elemental amounts are easy to find, but the label does not identify the forms of key minerals. The balanced multivitamin design may help with dietary gaps while offering limited depth for a specific hair concern.

Study evidence
Biotin Supportive 4 studies
Copper Adverse 4 studies
Iodine No effect 1 study
Selenium Disputed 7 studies
Vitamin D Disputed 34 studies
Zinc Supportive 22 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
 900 mcg
Vitamin C
99 mg
Vitamin D
25 mcg
Vitamin E
15 mg
Vitamin K
30 mcg
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
 1.07 mg
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
 1.43 mg
Niacin
17.6 mg
Vitamin B6
2.17 mg
Folate
400 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12
6.24 mcg
Biotin
43 mcg
Pantothenic Acid
15.5 mg
Calcium
210 mg
Iron
0 mg
Iodine
150 mcg
Magnesium
120 mg
Zinc
11 mg
Selenium
55 mcg
Copper
0.9 mg
Manganese
2.3 mg
Chromium
35 mcg
Lycopene
300 mcg
Men 18–50
Report overview
Iodine · 150 mcg OverallScore75
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value

The 150 mcg iodine serving aligns with daily thyroid maintenance needs. The iodine compound or source is not identified, limiting confidence in stability and absorption. Its serving cost is well below the collection median.

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Manganese · 2.3 mg OverallScore54
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value

The multivitamin clearly provides a modest manganese amount suited to nutritional maintenance. The specific manganese compound is not disclosed, so its absorption quality cannot be assessed. Its low serving cost makes it economical, though the dose is less aligned with targeted bone or joint support.

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Copper · 0.9 mg OverallScore54
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value

The elemental copper amount is stated, but the chemical form is not disclosed. The 0.9 mg serving meets the adult daily target but remains below the collection median; its zinc-to-copper balance sits within the preferred range. Serving cost is exceptionally economical even before considering the broader nutrient formula.

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Loading alternative details
68 Performance

Men's One

Bluebonnet
<p>Active B-vitamin forms and chelated minerals give the core multivitamin unusually strong form quality. Better-defined vitamin or mineral forms improve formulation quality over the original’s mostly unspecified forms. The intended user and narrower specialty ingredients remain practical trade-offs.</p>
72 Performance

Multi Vita Min

Pure Synergy
<p>Broad vitamin and trace-mineral coverage provides a capable general multivitamin foundation with vitamin D3 and vitamin K2. Better-defined vitamin or mineral forms improve formulation quality over the original’s mostly unspecified forms. The intended user and narrower specialty ingredients remain practical trade-offs.</p>
73 Performance

Alive! Garden Goodness Men's Multivitamin

Nature's Way
<p>The men’s multivitamin covers essential nutrients at an accessible cost and adds a sizeable fruit-and-vegetable blend. Better-defined vitamin or mineral forms improve formulation quality over the original’s mostly unspecified forms. The intended user and narrower specialty ingredients remain practical trade-offs.</p>
78 Budget

One Daily Men's Health

Equate
<p>Broad vitamin and mineral coverage provides useful everyday maintenance at exceptionally low cost. Its lower serving cost improves economy compared with the original. Its scope may be narrower or aimed at a different age group than the original multivitamin.</p>
78 Budget

Multi For Him

Nature Made
<p>A straightforward once-daily men’s multivitamin provides broad basic coverage at strong daily value. Its lower serving cost improves economy compared with the original. Its scope may be narrower or aimed at a different age group than the original multivitamin.</p>
79 Budget

One Daily Men's 50+

21st Century
<p>The iron-free profile covers the main vitamins and trace minerals relevant to older men at an efficient serving cost. Its lower serving cost improves economy compared with the original. Its scope may be narrower or aimed at a different age group than the original multivitamin.</p>
80 Value

Sentry Adults

21st Century
<p>Broad vitamin and mineral coverage makes this a practical general multivitamin with useful iron, iodine, vitamin D3, and B vitamins. Ingredient quality and serving economy create competitive value despite the original’s already low cost. The candidate’s narrower mineral focus or audience should be considered.</p>
77 Value

Complete Multivitamin

Bayer One A Day Men's
<p>Broad vitamin and mineral coverage supports everyday nutrient gaps, energy metabolism, and immune function at a low serving cost. Ingredient quality and serving economy create competitive value despite the original’s already low cost. The candidate’s narrower mineral focus or audience should be considered.</p>
85 Value

Essential Blend Multi Mineral

Jigsaw Health
<p>Organic chelated trace minerals and meaningful amounts create a focused, high-quality mineral formula. Ingredient quality and serving economy create competitive value despite the original’s already low cost. The candidate’s narrower mineral focus or audience should be considered.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Effect of long-term selenium supplementation on mortality: Results from a multiple-dose, randomised controlled trial.
    Rayman MP; Winther KH; Pastor-Barriuso R; Cold F; Thvilum M; Stranges S; Guallar E; Cold S · Free radical biology & medicine · 2019
    Randomized trial491 participantsGeneral Health forSelenium
  2. Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
    Rees K; Hartley L; Day C; Flowers N; Clarke A; Stranges S · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013
    Meta-analysis19,715 participants12 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  3. Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
    Cui Z; Xie R; Lu X; Schomburg L; Brenner H; Schöttker B · Redox biology · 2025
    Meta-analysis95 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  4. Selenium intake and multiple health-related outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.
    Wang P; Chen B; Huang Y; Li J; Cao D; Chen Z; Li J; Ran B; Yang J; Wang R; Wei Q; Dong Q; Liu L · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Systematic reviewGeneral Health forSelenium
  5. Association of radioactive iodine treatment with survivorship symptoms and primary care utilisation in women of reproductive age with thyroid cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
    Devanarayan P; Hartman M; Partin M · Family medicine and community health · 2026
    Cohort study10,882 participantsEnergy forIodine
  6. Energy level and fatigue after surgery for thyroid cancer: A population-based study of patient-reported outcomes.
    Hughes DT; Reyes-Gastelum D; Kovatch KJ; Hamilton AS; Ward KC; Haymart MR · Surgery · 2020
    Cohort study2,584 participantsEnergy forIodine
  7. Health-Related Quality of Life in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study From Turkey.
    Gültekin A; Kahraman MY; Şengöz T; Şimşek FS · Head & neck · 2026
    Cross-sectional study202 participantsEnergy forIodine
  8. Magnesium-L-threonate improves sleep quality and daytime functioning in adults with self-reported sleep problems: A randomized controlled trial.
    Hausenblas HA; Lynch T; Hooper S; Shrestha A; Rosendale D; Gu J · Sleep medicine: X · 2025
    Randomized trial80 participantsEnergy forMagnesium
  9. Total magnesium intake and risk of frailty in older women.
    Struijk EA; Fung TT; Bischoff-Ferrari HA; Willett WC; Lopez-Garcia E · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024
    Cohort study81,524 participantsEnergy forMagnesium
  10. Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Cox IM; Campbell MJ; Dowson D · Lancet (London, England) · 1991
    Randomized trial32 participantsEnergy forMagnesium
  11. Exercise, magnesium and immune function.
    Laires MJ; Monteiro C · Magnesium research · 2008
    Narrative reviewEnergy forMagnesium
  12. Perioperative systemic magnesium to minimize postoperative pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    De Oliveira GS; Castro-Alves LJ; Khan JH; McCarthy RJ · Anesthesiology · 2013
    Meta-analysis1,257 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forMagnesium
  13. Long-term outcome after intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2).
    Woods KL; Fletcher S · Lancet (London, England) · 1994
    Randomized trial2,316 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  14. Association of magnesium sulfate use with mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.
    Gu WJ; Duan XJ; Liu XZ; Cen Y; Tao LY; Lyu J; Yin HY · British journal of anaesthesia · 2023
    Cohort study10,999 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  15. Hypomagnesemia and Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients.
    Li L; Streja E; Rhee CM; Mehrotra R; Soohoo M; Brunelli SM; Kovesdy CP; Kalantar-Zadeh K · American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2016
    Cohort study9,359 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  16. The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.
    Jaripur M; Ghasemi-Tehrani H; Askari G; Gholizadeh-Moghaddam M; Clark CCT; Rouhani MH · Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022
    Randomized trial64 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  17. The Role of Sesbania grandiflora-Derived Biotin and Bambusa arundinacea-Derived Silica Extracts in Promoting Hair, Skin, and Nail Health: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study.
    Patel MN; Maheshvari J; Patel N · Cureus · 2025
    Randomized trial105 participantsHair Health forBiotin
  18. Low serum biotinidase activity in children with valproic acid monotherapy.
    Schulpis KH; Karikas GA; Tjamouranis J; Regoutas S; Tsakiris S · Epilepsia · 2001
    Clinical trial125 participantsHair Health forBiotin
  19. Vitamins A, B, C, and D: A Short Review for the Dermatologist.
    Coerdt KM; Goggins CA; Khachemoune A · Alternative therapies in health and medicine · 2021
    Narrative reviewHair Health forBiotin
  20. The Infatuation With Biotin Supplementation: Is There Truth Behind Its Rising Popularity? A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Efficacy versus Social Popularity.
    Soleymani T; Lo Sicco K; Shapiro J · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2018
    Narrative reviewHair Health forBiotin
  21. Menkes disease and response to copper histidine: An Indian case series.
    Yoganathan S; Sudhakar SV; Arunachal G; Thomas M; Subramanian A; George R; Danda S · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2022
    Case series4 participantsHair Health forCopper
  22. Trace element levels in alopecia areata.
    Bhat YJ; Manzoor S; Khan AR; Qayoom S · Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology · 2009
    Case-control study100 participantsHair Health forCopper
  23. UV damage to hair and the effect of antioxidants and metal chelators.
    Millington KR; Marsh JM · International journal of cosmetic science · 2021
    In vitro / ex vivo studyHair Health forCopper
  24. Preserving fibre health: reducing oxidative stress throughout the life of the hair fibre.
    Marsh JM; Davis MG; Lucas RL; Reilman R; Styczynski PB; Li C; Mamak M; McComb DW; Williams RE; Godfrey S; Navqi KR; Chechik V · International journal of cosmetic science · 2016
    In vitro / ex vivo studyHair Health forCopper
  25. [Evaluation of the role of dietary intake in the occurrence of alopecia].
    El Fékih N; Kamoun H; Fazaa B; El Ati J; Zouari B; Kamoun MR; Gaigi S · Revue medicale de Liege · 2010
    Case-control study272 participantsHair Health forIodine
  26. Beyond Efficacy: 0.6% Selenium Disulfide Shampoo Matches 2% Ketoconazole for Seborrheic Dermatitis with Superior Cosmesis.
    Farris PK; Barbosa V; Houshman EB; Kovylkina N · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2026
    Randomized trial87 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  27. Selenium Disulfide-based shampoo applied for 4 weeks significantly improves dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
    Turcu G; Artenie C; Nowicka D; Arenbergerová M; Lazaridou E; Khobzei K; Ataseven A; Part M; Leclerc-Mercier S · European journal of dermatology : EJD · 2023
    Observational study1,407 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  28. A Comparative Randomized Clinical Study Assessing the Efficacy of a 1% Selenium Disulfide-Based Shampoo versus 2% Ketoconazole Shampoo in Subjects with Moderate to Severe Scalp Seborrheic Dermatitis.
    Barbosa V; Melo DF; Vañó-Galván S; Lutchmanen-Kolanthan V; Sant'Anna B; Leclerc-Mercier S; Reygagne P · Skin appendage disorders · 2025
    Randomized trial64 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  29. Changes of serum trace elements level in patients with alopecia areata: A meta-analysis.
    Jin W; Zheng H; Shan B; Wu Y · The Journal of dermatology · 2018
    Meta-analysis764 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  30. Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium.
    EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA); Turck D; Bohn T; Castenmiller J; de Henauw S; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Knutsen HK; Maciuk A; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Peláez C; Pentieva K; Siani A; Thies F; Tsabouri S; Vinceti M; Aggett P; Crous Bou M; Cubadda F; Ciccolallo L; de Sesmaisons Lecarré A; Fabiani L; Titz A; Naska A · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023
    Systematic reviewHair Health forSelenium
  31. Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Lee S; Kim BJ; Lee CH; Lee WS · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2018
    Meta-analysis2,039 participants14 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  32. Intralesional vitamin D3 in treatment of alopecia areata: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
    Rashad AF; Elgamal E; Fouda I · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  33. Vitamin D and its Analogs in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Alopecia Areata: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Alsaati AA; Kaliyadan F; Alsaadoun D; Alzakry LM; Alzabadin RA; Hakami TH; Rubaian NFB · Indian dermatology online journal · 2025
    Meta-analysisHair Health forVitamin D
  34. Topical calcipotriol vs narrowband ultraviolet B in treatment of alopecia areata: a randomized-controlled trial.
    El Taieb MA; Hegazy EM; Ibrahim HM; Osman AB; Abualhamd M · Archives of dermatological research · 2020
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  35. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D in non-scarring alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Chen Y; Dong X; Wang Y; Li Y; Xiong L; Li L · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024
    Meta-analysis10,670 participants23 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  36. The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial.
    Berger RS; Fu JL; Smiles KA; Turner CB; Schnell BM; Werchowski KM; Lammers KM · The British journal of dermatology · 2003
    Randomized trial200 participantsHair Health forZinc
  37. Incubatory environment of the scalp impacts pre-emergent hair to affect post-emergent hair cuticle integrity.
    Schwartz JR; Henry JP; Kerr KM; Flagler MJ; Page SH; Redman-Furey N · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2018
    Randomized trialHair Health forZinc
  38. A comparison of hair quality and cosmetic acceptance following the use of two anti-dandruff shampoos.
    Draelos ZD; Kenneally DC; Hodges LT; Billhimer W; Copas M; Margraf C · The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings · 2006
    Randomized trial40 participantsHair Health forZinc
  39. BMI and levels of zinc, copper in hair, serum and urine of Turkish male patients with androgenetic alopecia.
    Ozturk P; Kurutas E; Ataseven A; Dokur N; Gumusalan Y; Gorur A; Tamer L; Inaloz S · Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2015
    Case-control study216 participantsHair Health forZinc
  40. Analysis of serum zinc and copper concentrations in hair loss.
    Kil MS; Kim CW; Kim SS · Annals of dermatology · 2013
    Case-control study342 participantsHair Health forZinc
  41. Effects of selenium supplementation on selenoprotein gene expression and response to influenza vaccine challenge: a randomised controlled trial.
    Goldson AJ; Fairweather-Tait SJ; Armah CN; Bao Y; Broadley MR; Dainty JR; Furniss C; Hart DJ; Teucher B; Hurst R · PloS one · 2011
    Randomized trial119 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  42. Effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
    Janbakhsh A; Mansouri F; Vaziri S; Sayad B; Afsharian M; Rahimi M; Shahebrahimi K; Salari F · Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2013
    Randomized trial62 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  43. Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China.
    Yu SY; Li WG; Zhu YJ; Yu WP; Hou C · Biological trace element research · 1990
    Non-randomized trial20,847 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  44. Selenium nanoparticles as adjunctive therapy in sepsis: A pilot randomized clinical trial.
    Gu WJ; Huang W; Zhao FZ; Yuan XK; Jin K; Chen JL; Zhang CY; Huang Y; He L; Zhuang H; Yin HY; Chen T · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2026
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  45. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations.
    Gärtner R; Gasnier BC; Dietrich JW; Krebs B; Angstwurm MW · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2002
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  46. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusImmunity forVitamin C
  47. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
    Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  48. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
    Meta-analysisImmunity forVitamin C
  49. New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
    Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
    Randomized trial20 participantsImmunity forVitamin C
  50. Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
    Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  51. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis.
    Martineau AR; Jolliffe DA; Greenberg L; Aloia JF; Bergman P; Dubnov-Raz G; Esposito S; Ganmaa D; Ginde AA; Goodall EC; Grant CC; Janssens W; Jensen ME; Kerley CP; Laaksi I; Manaseki-Holland S; Mauger D; Murdoch DR; Neale R; Rees JR; Simpson S; Stelmach I; Trilok Kumar G; Urashima M; Camargo CA; Griffiths CJ; Hooper RL · Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020
    Meta-analysis11,321 participants25 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  52. Association Between Vitamin D and Influenza: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Zhu Z; Zhu X; Gu L; Zhan Y; Chen L; Li X · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Meta-analysis4,859 participants10 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  53. Vitamin D3 and deconvoluting a rash.
    Ernst MK; Evans ST; Techner JM; Rothbaum RM; Christensen LF; Onay UV; Biyashev D; Demczuk MM; Nguyen CV; Honda KS; McCormick TS; Tsoi LC; Gudjonsson JE; Cooper KD; Lu KQ · JCI insight · 2023
    Randomized trial28 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  54. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
    Bychinin MV; Klypa TV; Mandel IA; Yusubalieva GM; Baklaushev VP; Kolyshkina NA; Troitsky AV · Scientific reports · 2022
    Randomized trial110 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  55. Current opinion on the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory infections and asthma/COPD exacerbations: A need to establish publication guidelines for overcoming the unpublished data.
    Anitua E; Tierno R; Alkhraisat MH · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022
    Meta-analysis50,554 participants65 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  56. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Vlieg-Boerstra B; de Jong N; Meyer R; Agostoni C; De Cosmi V; Grimshaw K; Milani GP; Muraro A; Oude Elberink H; Pali-Schöll I; Roduit C; Sasaki M; Skypala I; Sokolowska M; van Splunter M; Untersmayr E; Venter C; O'Mahony L; Nwaru BI · Allergy · 2022
    Meta-analysis199,055 participants115 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  57. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Jalla S; Mazumdar S; Sinha A; Bhan MK · Pediatrics · 1998
    Randomized trial609 participantsImmunity forZinc
  58. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children.
    Rerksuppaphol S; Rerksuppaphol L · Pediatric reports · 2020
    Randomized trial64 participantsImmunity forZinc
  59. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population.
    Fortes C; Forastiere F; Agabiti N; Fano V; Pacifici R; Virgili F; Piras G; Guidi L; Bartoloni C; Tricerri A; Zuccaro P; Ebrahim S; Perucci CA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1998
    Randomized trial136 participantsImmunity forZinc
  60. The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.
    Vecchietti A; Strano P; Minutolo G; Grieco V; Cappuccio G; Granvillano G; Confalonieri L; Briganti GL; Raso E; Chimienti M; Pellegrini M; Mercogliano M; Spatari G; Lugli C; Urbano T; Lorenzon A · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forZinc