Coenzyme Q-10

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Coenzyme Q-10, also known as ubiquinone, is a fat-soluble, vitamin-like compound produced naturally in the body. It plays a vital role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, where it is necessary for generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy source for cells. It is found in most tissues, with high concentrations in the heart, liver, and kidneys. In addition to energy metabolism, CoQ10 acts as a potent antioxidant. It helps protect cells from oxidative stress and free radical damage that can contribute to aging and other health problems. The compound exists in two forms: ubiquinone, the oxidized form, and ubiquinol, the reduced antioxidant form. The body converts ubiquinone into ubiquinol as needed. Levels of CoQ10 naturally decline with age and can be depleted by certain health conditions or medications. Supplementation is often used to restore levels, especially in people with deficiencies, and provide antioxidant and energy support for cardiovascular health, neurological function, and cellular health.

Natural sources
Organ meats (liver, heart, kidney)Fatty fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel)Whole grainsNutsSeedsVegetable oils (soybean, canola)BroccoliSpinach

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Safety & Toxicity
4 safety notes
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare professional before use.
  • Individuals with liver or kidney disease should use with caution.
  • May lower blood pressure; those with low blood pressure or on blood pressure medication should monitor carefully.
  • May affect blood sugar levels; diabetics should monitor closely.
Goals
Anti-Aging
Anti-Aging
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:100–400 mg

CoQ10 is essential for the function of high-energy organs like the heart, liver, and brain. Supplementing can help combat age-related declines in cellular energy, reduce oxidative stress, and support cardiovascular health. The ubiquinol form offers superior bioavailability.

Focuses on
Mitochondrial HealthAntioxidant SupportCellular BioenergeticsCardiovascular BiomarkersSkin Photoaging
Most relevant for
Individuals interested in supporting cellular antioxidant defenses and cardiovascular biomarkers, particularly when combined with other nutrients like selenium.

Potential benefits

  • Antioxidant Skin Protection.Unconfirmed. Topical CoQ10 has been shown to reduce wrinkle depth and protect against UV-induced oxidative stress; however, it is unconfirmed if oral supplements provide the same skin-specific anti-aging benefits.
  • Cardiovascular Biomarker Support.Unconfirmed. Long-term use, especially when combined with selenium, may positively influence biomarkers related to inflammation and heart health in older adults, though evidence for CoQ10 alone is less certain.
  • Cellular Energy Processes.Unconfirmed. As a key component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, supplementation may help maintain cellular bioenergetics, though its ability to slow biological aging remains unproven.

Limitations

  • Lack of Functional Improvement.In healthy older adults, 400mg daily increased blood CoQ10 levels but failed to improve muscle mitochondrial function, physical performance, or cognitive scores over 12 weeks.
  • Dependency on Other Nutrients.Several significant anti-aging findings involve CoQ10 taken alongside selenium, making it difficult to determine if CoQ10 alone provides the same cardiovascular or longevity benefits.
  • Uncertain Impact on Biological Age.Large-scale observational data linking CoQ10 to lower epigenetic biological age lost statistical significance after adjusting for health and lifestyle factors.
Things to consider

Supplementation effectively raises plasma levels, but this does not always translate into higher concentrations within muscle tissue or improved physical energy in robust individuals.

Study evidence

6 studies

Coenzyme Q-10 has promising findings for some age-related conditions and skin changes, but the available research does not establish that oral supplementation slows aging. Benefits from combinations or topical products cannot be assumed for Coenzyme Q-10 supplements alone.

View goal
Cardiovascular Support
Cardiovascular Support
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:100–300 mg

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a critical component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which generates cellular energy (ATP). The heart has a very high concentration of mitochondria and is highly dependent on CoQ10. Supplementation supports cardiac energy, improves heart function, and can help offset CoQ10 depletion caused by statin medications.

Focuses on
Heart failure outcomesCholesterol managementBlood pressure supportEndothelial functionCellular energy production
Most relevant for
Individuals managing chronic heart failure or seeking to support cardiovascular risk factors alongside conventional medical treatment.

Potential benefits

  • Heart Failure Adjunct.High-quality evidence suggests that when added to standard therapy for chronic heart failure, CoQ10 may reduce major adverse cardiovascular events and lower both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
  • Vascular Function Support.Supplementation has been shown to improve endothelial health and blood vessel dilation in patients with coronary artery disease and metabolic dysfunction, potentially by reducing oxidative stress.
  • Lipid Profile Modulation.Meta-analyses indicate that CoQ10 can modestly reduce total cholesterol and LDL levels while slightly increasing HDL, particularly in populations with diabetes or coronary artery disease.

Limitations

  • Inconsistent Blood Pressure Effects.While some meta-analyses show systolic blood pressure reduction in metabolic conditions, comprehensive reviews of primary hypertension have found no clinically significant effect.
  • Variable Lipid Response.Benefits for triglycerides and specific lipid markers like Lp(a) are inconsistent across trials, with several high-quality studies showing no significant improvement.
  • General Population Uncertainty.Large-scale cohort data indicates that CoQ10 use is not associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality in the general population, suggesting benefits may be limited to specific clinical groups.
Things to consider

CoQ10 is an adjunctive supplement and should never replace prescribed medications for heart failure or hypertension. While often used to offset statin-related depletion, evidence that it provides additional anti-inflammatory protection for statin users is currently mixed.

Study evidence

89 studies

Coenzyme Q-10 shows promise as an addition to usual treatment for chronic heart failure, including fewer serious cardiovascular events in some research. Its effects on blood pressure and cholesterol are inconsistent, and these findings do not establish broad heart protection for otherwise healthy people.

View goal
Heart Health
Heart Health
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:100–400 mg

CoQ10 is a critical component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, directly involved in producing ATP, the body's energy currency. Statin drugs can deplete CoQ10 levels, making supplementation important for mitigating side effects and supporting cardiac energy.

Focuses on
Heart failure supportSystolic blood pressureEndothelial functionCholesterol managementCardiac energy
Most relevant for
Most relevant for individuals managing heart failure or those taking statin medications who require support for cardiac energy and vascular health.

Potential benefits

  • Support for Heart Failure.Pooled clinical data indicates that CoQ10 may help reduce mortality risk and improve exercise capacity in patients with established heart failure.
  • Vascular Function Support.Supplementation is associated with improved flow-mediated dilation, which supports the ability of blood vessels to widen and maintain healthy circulation.
  • Cholesterol Metabolism.Evidence suggests CoQ10 can modestly lower total and LDL cholesterol while supporting protective HDL levels in adults with metabolic concerns.

Limitations

  • Mixed Blood Pressure Results.While it may help lower systolic blood pressure, effects on diastolic pressure are less consistent and it may not affect primary hypertension.
  • Uncertain Preventative Benefit.Improvements in risk markers like cholesterol or vessel function have not been definitively proven to prevent heart attacks or strokes in healthy populations.
  • Variable Cardiac Pumping.Research shows conflicting results regarding the ability of CoQ10 to significantly improve the heart's actual pumping strength or ejection fraction.
Things to consider

Statin medications are known to significantly deplete natural CoQ10 levels. While supplementation is often used as adjunctive therapy, it should be managed alongside standard clinical care for heart conditions.

Study evidence

114 studies

Coenzyme Q-10 may support some heart-health outcomes, especially as an addition to treatment for heart failure or cardiometabolic disease. Benefits vary across studies, and improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol or blood-vessel function do not establish general prevention of heart attacks or strokes.

View goal
Anti-Inflammatory Support
Anti-Inflammatory Support
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:100–400 mg

CoQ10 is vital for cellular energy production and protects mitochondria from oxidative damage. By improving cellular bioenergetics and reducing oxidative stress, it effectively lowers systemic inflammatory markers like CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL-6.

Focuses on
C-reactive protein (CRP)Interleukin-6 (IL-6)TNF-alpha reductionMitochondrial healthOxidative stress markers
Most relevant for
Adults with chronic metabolic or inflammatory conditions, particularly those with elevated baseline markers.

Potential benefits

  • Reduction in Cytokine Signaling.Multiple meta-analyses of controlled trials indicate that CoQ10 may lower systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-alpha, across various populations.
  • Management of Oxidative Stress.Supplementation supports the body’s antioxidant defenses by increasing enzymes like superoxide dismutase and reducing lipid peroxidation markers associated with chronic inflammation.
  • Adjunctive Condition Support.Preliminary clinical evidence suggests potential for reducing inflammatory signaling in specific contexts, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or juvenile arthritis, when added to standard care.

Limitations

  • Uncertain Clinical Impact.Research primarily focuses on laboratory blood markers; there is limited evidence that these changes result in the measurable relief of inflammatory symptoms or long-term health outcomes.
  • Ineffectiveness in Specific Groups.Significant anti-inflammatory benefits have not been demonstrated in several studies involving burn patients, adults with obesity, or individuals currently taking statin medications.
  • Variable Study Outcomes.High levels of heterogeneity and conflicting results across meta-analyses suggest that CoQ10 may not reliably lower inflammatory markers for everyone, often depending on dosage and baseline status.

Study evidence

46 studies

Coenzyme Q-10 can lower some inflammatory markers, with pooled trial evidence supporting an effect. Results vary across conditions and individual studies, and changes in blood markers do not by themselves establish meaningful relief of inflammatory symptoms or prevention of disease.

View goal
Energy
Energy
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:100–400 mg

CoQ10 is an antioxidant that every cell in the body needs to produce energy. Levels naturally decline with age and with the use of certain medications (like statins). Supplementing can help combat fatigue and improve physical performance, especially in older or deficient individuals.

Focuses on
Fatigue reductionStatin-related muscle supportSubjective energy levelsCognitive task recoveryAnaerobic performance
Most relevant for
Individuals experiencing mild daily fatigue or muscle-related tiredness associated with statin medication use.

Potential benefits

  • Fatigue Reduction.Meta-analyses of randomized trials indicate that CoQ10 supplementation can significantly reduce fatigue scores in both healthy individuals and those with chronic conditions.
  • Statin-Related Muscle Support.Evidence suggests CoQ10 may help manage symptoms of muscle tiredness, weakness, and pain specifically associated with the use of statin medications.
  • Recovery from Mental Tasks.Clinical research shows that ubiquinol may reduce subjective sleepiness and help maintain motivation following energy-draining cognitive activities.

Limitations

  • Inconsistent Athletic Gains.While CoQ10 is vital for energy production, its effects on enhancing general exercise performance and aerobic endurance remain limited and inconsistent across studies.
  • Minimal Impact in Healthy Aging.In robust older adults, raising blood CoQ10 levels through supplementation does not reliably improve muscle mitochondrial function or physical capacity.
  • Variable Clinical Efficacy.Research has found no significant benefit for fatigue in specific contexts, such as patients undergoing active chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Things to consider

Energy benefits appear to be more consistent with chronic use rather than acute, single doses, and may take several weeks to manifest.

Study evidence

32 studies

Coenzyme Q-10 may reduce fatigue, with pooled trials showing benefit in some healthy and clinical populations. Effects are not universal, and raising blood levels does not reliably improve physical performance or demonstrate a general boost in everyday energy.

View goal
Metabolism Boost
Metabolism Boost
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:100–300 mg

CoQ10 is essential for cellular energy production. A higher metabolic rate demands more energy, and CoQ10 ensures the mitochondria can meet this demand efficiently. Supplementation can support energy levels, as natural production tends to decline with age.

Focuses on
Lipid metabolismInsulin sensitivityGlycemic controlMetabolic health markersCellular energy support
Most relevant for
Individuals seeking to support metabolic health markers, particularly those with concerns regarding blood sugar or cholesterol levels.

Potential benefits

  • Lipid Profile Support.Meta-analyses indicate CoQ10 can help lower triglycerides and LDL cholesterol while supporting HDL levels in individuals with existing metabolic challenges.
  • Glycemic Health Regulation.Evidence suggests supplementation may improve insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose levels in specific populations like those with PCOS.
  • Mitochondrial Function Support.Unconfirmed. While essential for producing ATP, clinical proof that CoQ10 supplementation increases metabolic rate or calorie burning in healthy people is currently unproven.

Limitations

  • No Effect on Metabolic Rate.Clinical trials in healthy older adults found no significant increase in resting metabolic rate or muscle mitochondrial function after 12 weeks of supplementation.
  • Limited Exercise Impact.Research consistently shows that CoQ10 does not significantly improve aerobic capacity, VO2 max, or fat oxidation during physical activity.
  • Population Specificity.Most observed metabolic benefits are documented in clinical populations with metabolic disorders, with limited evidence of a boost for generally healthy individuals.

Study evidence

11 studies

Coenzyme Q-10 may improve blood sugar and blood fat measures in people with metabolic disorders, but this is different from speeding up metabolism. The available trials do not show consistent improvements in muscle energy production, exercise capacity or fat burning.

View goal

Studies

Research connections will load here.
Interactions

Positive Interactions

Vitamin E
CoQ10 and Vitamin E are both fat-soluble antioxidants that can enhance each other's protective effects, with CoQ10 potentially helping to regenerate Vitamin E.
Selenium
Selenium is a component of antioxidant enzymes, and its activity can be synergistic with CoQ10's antioxidant properties, boosting overall cellular protection.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is involved in the metabolic pathways that lead to CoQ10 synthesis in the body, suggesting that adequate B6 may support endogenous CoQ10 production.

Negative Interactions

Vitamin K
CoQ10 may have mild blood-thinning properties, which could theoretically reduce the effectiveness of Vitamin K's role in promoting blood clotting.
Fish Oil
CoQ10 may have mild blood-thinning properties. Combining it with Fish Oil, which also has mild anticoagulant effects, could theoretically increase the risk of bleeding in sensitive individuals, though this is generally considered minor for typical doses.
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
CoQ10 may have mild blood-thinning properties. Combining it with EPA, which also has mild anticoagulant effects, could theoretically increase the risk of bleeding in sensitive individuals, though this is generally considered minor for typical doses.
DHA
CoQ10 may have mild blood-thinning properties. Combining it with DHA, which also has mild anticoagulant effects, could theoretically increase the risk of bleeding in sensitive individuals, though this is generally considered minor for typical doses.
Sources

Up to five highest-ranked published examples per goal. Study counts and charts include all published studies for the connection.

  1. Coenzyme Q10 and Degenerative Disorders Affecting Longevity: An Overview.
    Mantle D; Hargreaves I · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020
    Narrative reviewAnti-Aging
  2. Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Aging and Disease.
    Hernández-Camacho JD; Bernier M; López-Lluch G; Navas P · Frontiers in physiology · 2022
    Narrative reviewAnti-Aging
  3. Coenzyme Q10, a cutaneous antioxidant and energizer.
    Hoppe U; Bergemann J; Diembeck W; Ennen J; Gohla S; Harris I; Jacob J; Kielholz J; Mei W; Pollet D; Schachtschabel D; Sauermann G; Schreiner V; Stäb F; Steckel F · BioFactors (Oxford, England) · 1999
    Clinical trialAnti-Aging
  4. Supplements and Drugs Are Associated With Biological Age in a Cohort of Exceptionally Healthy Individuals.
    Pabis K; Wang W; Selvarajoo K; Budovskaya YV; Sorrentino V; Gruber J; Kennedy BK · Aging cell · 2026
    Cross-sectional study4,260 participantsAnti-Aging
  5. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation raises plasma levels without improving mitochondrial function in older adults.
    Schmücker M; Tranberg C; Borch J; Kaae MK; Damgaard M; Flensted-Jensen M; Blom I; Morosetti M; Barbarossa S; Orlando P; Tiano L; Dela F; Helge JW; Larsen S · GeroScience · 2026
    Randomized trial40 participantsAnti-Aging
  6. Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Liu Z; Tian Z; Zhao D; Liang Y; Dai S; Liu M; Hou S; Dong X; Zhaxinima; Yang Y · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022
    Meta-analysis2,794 participants50 studies pooledHeart HealthCardiovascular Support
  7. Six-month supplementation with high dose coenzyme Q10 improves liver steatosis, endothelial, vascular and myocardial function in patients with metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Vrentzos E; Ikonomidis I; Pavlidis G; Katogiannis K; Korakas E; Kountouri A; Pliouta L; Michalopoulou E; Pelekanou E; Boumpas D; Lambadiari V · Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024
    Randomized trial60 participantsCardiovascular Support
  8. The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial.
    Mortensen SA; Rosenfeldt F; Kumar A; Dolliner P; Filipiak KJ; Pella D; Alehagen U; Steurer G; Littarru GP; Q-SYMBIO Study Investigators · JACC. Heart failure · 2015
    Randomized trial420 participantsCardiovascular Support
  9. [Coenzyme Q-10 in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: systematic review and meta-analysis].
    Mareev VY; Mareev YV; Begrambekova YL · Kardiologiia · 2022
    Meta-analysis1,139 participants6 studies pooledCardiovascular Support
  10. Effect of coenzyme Q10 in Europeans with chronic heart failure: A sub-group analysis of the Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind trial.
    Mortensen AL; Rosenfeldt F; Filipiak KJ · Cardiology journal · 2020
    Randomized trialCardiovascular Support
  11. Ubiquinol Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction in Subjects with Mild-to-Moderate Dyslipidemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    Sabbatinelli J; Orlando P; Galeazzi R; Silvestri S; Cirilli I; Marcheggiani F; Dludla PV; Giuliani A; Bonfigli AR; Mazzanti L; Olivieri F; Antonicelli R; Tiano L · Nutrients · 2021
    Randomized trial51 participantsHeart Health
  12. Dose-Response Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressure among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Zhao D; Liang Y; Dai S; Hou S; Liu Z; Liu M; Dong X; Zhan Y; Tian Z; Yang Y · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022
    Meta-analysis1,831 participants26 studies pooledHeart Health
  13. Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Lipid, Glycemic, and Inflammatory Markers in Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Zhang Z; Liu Z; Geng Y; Huang Y; Hu R; Li F; Song Y; Zhang M · Journal of diabetes research · 2026
    Meta-analysis3,422 participants64 studies pooledHeart HealthMetabolism Boost
  14. Treatment of coenzyme Q10 for 24 weeks improves lipid and glycemic profile in dyslipidemic individuals.
    Zhang P; Yang C; Guo H; Wang J; Lin S; Li H; Yang Y; Ling W · Journal of clinical lipidology · 2019
    Randomized trial101 participantsHeart Health
  15. The effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in overweight/obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
    Taghizadeh S; Izadi A; Shirazi S; Parizad M; Pourghassem Gargari B · Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology · 2021
    Randomized trial43 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support
  16. The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on metabolic profiles and parameters of mental health in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Karamali M; Gholizadeh M · Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology · 2022
    Randomized trial55 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support
  17. Efficacy and Optimal Dose of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Inflammation-Related Biomarkers: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Hou S; Tian Z; Zhao D; Liang Y; Dai S; Ji Q; Fan Z; Liu Z; Liu M; Yang Y · Molecular nutrition & food research · 2023
    Meta-analysis1,517 participants31 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support
  18. Can coenzyme Q10 supplementation effectively reduce human tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels in chronic inflammatory diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Farsi F; Heshmati J; Keshtkar A; Irandoost P; Alamdari NM; Akbari A; Janani L; Morshedzadeh N; Vafa M · Pharmacological research · 2020
    Meta-analysis509 participants9 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support
  19. Promising efficacy of coenzyme Q10 supplementation as adjunctive therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomized-controlled pilot study.
    Elsherif N; Shousha G; Sabri NA; Shawki MA · Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology · 2026
    Randomized trial58 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support
  20. Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Statin-Induced Myopathy: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Qu H; Guo M; Chai H; Wang WT; Gao ZY; Shi DZ · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019
    Meta-analysis575 participants12 studies pooledEnergy
  21. Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Athletes: A Systematic Review.
    Fernandes MSS; Fidelis DEDS; Aidar FJ; Badicu G; Greco G; Cataldi S; Santos GCJ; de Souza RF; Ardigò LP · Nutrients · 2026
    Systematic review16 studies pooledEnergy
  22. Effectiveness of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation for Reducing Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Tsai IC; Hsu CW; Chang CH; Tseng PT; Chang KV · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024
    Meta-analysis1,126 participants13 studies pooledEnergy
  23. Antifatigue effects of coenzyme Q10 during physical fatigue.
    Mizuno K; Tanaka M; Nozaki S; Mizuma H; Ataka S; Tahara T; Sugino T; Shirai T; Kajimoto Y; Kuratsune H; Kajimoto O; Watanabe Y · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2008
    Randomized trial17 participantsEnergy
  24. Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on fatigue: A systematic review of interventional studies.
    Mehrabani S; Askari G; Miraghajani M; Tavakoly R; Arab A · Complementary therapies in medicine · 2019
    Systematic review16 studies pooledEnergy
  25. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves adipokine profile in dyslipidemic individuals: a randomized controlled trial.
    Zhang P; Chen K; He T; Guo H; Chen X · Nutrition & metabolism · 2022
    Randomized trial101 participantsMetabolism Boost
  26. Comparison of nutritional supplements in improving glycolipid metabolism and endocrine function in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
    Hu X; Wang W; Su X; Peng H; Tan Z; Li Y; Huang Y · PeerJ · 2023
    Meta-analysis2,362 participants41 studies pooledMetabolism Boost
  27. Ubiquinol supplementation modulates energy metabolism and bone turnover during high intensity exercise.
    Diaz-Castro J; Mira-Rufino PJ; Moreno-Fernandez J; Chirosa I; Chirosa JL; Guisado R; Ochoa JJ · Food & function · 2021
    Randomized trial100 participantsMetabolism Boost
  28. The effect of coenzyme Q10 intake on metabolic profiles in women candidates for in-vitro fertilization: a randomised trial.
    Ahmadi Asouri S; Asemi R; Aghadavod E; Jamilian M · Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024
    Randomized trial40 participantsMetabolism Boost