Lifestyle changes
Create focused work periods with clear priorities and manageable breaks. Reduce avoidable distractions and protect the sleep that makes concentration easier the following day.
Mental Focus
Mental focus makes it easier to give a task your attention, follow information, and return to the work after a distraction. It can involve a brief period of sharp alertness or the steadier concentration needed for reading, study, and detailed work. Knowing which kind of attention you need makes support more relevant. Several connected factors contribute to a focused state. Wakefulness helps you engage with a task, a settled mind makes competing demands easier to manage, and normal brain nutrition supports the processes behind attention and thinking. Ingredients used for alertness, relaxed attention, and cognitive nutrition address different parts of that picture. Useful progress is visible in how the task goes. Staying with a piece of work, following a discussion more comfortably, or recovering your train of thought can be more informative than a strong feeling of stimulation. The aim is clear, sustained engagement that fits the demands of your day.
Warnings
- Count all stimulants: Count caffeine from drinks and supplements together. Review intake if you notice jitteriness, palpitations, anxiety, or disrupted sleep.
- Check medicine interactions: Ask a pharmacist or clinician to review your exact products alongside your medicines. The ingredient, amount, and treatment determine which combinations are suitable.
- Review potent cognitive ingredients: Review compounds such as huperzine and vinpocetine individually for suitability and interactions. Agree any ongoing use with an appropriately qualified professional.
- Use iron for a clear need: Use an appropriate assessment to guide iron supplementation. Tiredness or hair changes can have several causes, and excess iron can be harmful.
Ingredient overview
Goal guidance
Diet changes
Eat regularly and stay comfortably hydrated during mentally demanding work. Choose caffeine timing and amounts that fit your sensitivity and bedtime.
Who this is for
Adults looking for support with concentration during work, study, or other mentally demanding activities.
Who should be careful
Review stimulant use with anxiety, palpitations, high blood pressure, or sleep problems. Check combinations with ADHD treatments and other nervous-system medicines, particularly when using potent nootropic ingredients.
Expected timeline
Alertness ingredients can act within the same day, while nutritional and routine changes need more consistent use. Judge progress by the task itself, including sustained attention and ease of returning after a distraction.
Common mistakes
Increasing stimulation can make you feel busier without improving concentration. Protect sleep, reduce avoidable distractions, and choose a manageable amount of support.
Ingredients
Choline Vitamins
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose250–1000 mg / day
Choline is an essential building block for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and for the structural integrity of brain cell membranes (phosphatidylcholine). Adequate choline intake is critical for baseline cognitive processing, and supplementation can help ensure the brain has sufficient resources for demanding mental tasks.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Individuals with lower baseline cognitive performance or adolescents seeking to support psychomotor speed and attention.
Potential benefits
- Neurotransmitter Support.Unconfirmed. As a precursor to acetylcholine, choline is essential for the neural signaling involved in focus; however, acute improvements in mental concentration from supplements are not consistently established. unconfirmed=true
- Adolescent Attention Support.Specific research on citicoline, a choline-containing compound, has shown it can improve attention and psychomotor speed in healthy adolescent males.
- Processing Speed.Unconfirmed. Preliminary evidence suggests that certain forms of choline may improve processing speed and working memory, particularly in individuals with lower baseline performance. unconfirmed=true
Limitations
- Inconsistent Attention Effects.Meta-analyses of older adults with cognitive disturbances found that while memory may improve, there is no significant evidence that choline improves attention scores.
- Ineffective After Physical Stress.Clinical studies in healthy men found that choline supplementation did not improve vigilance, reaction time, or spatial memory following exhaustive physical exercise.
- Performance Thresholds.The response to supplementation may be baseline-dependent, with some evidence suggesting no benefit or even slightly diminished cognition in individuals who already demonstrate high performance.
Things to consider
Benefits may be specific to the form used, such as citicoline, rather than standard choline salts; high doses have failed to show acute cognitive reversal in some clinical settings.
Study evidence
22 studiesThe evidence does not show that Choline reliably improves everyday mental focus. Attention benefits appear in selected research on citicoline or early development, but ordinary choline supplementation and reviews in cognitively impaired adults have also produced no clear attention benefit.
Folate Vitamins
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose400–800 mcg / day
Folate (as methylfolate) is a critical component of the one-carbon metabolism cycle, which is directly involved in producing the methyl donors required for neurotransmitter synthesis. Deficiencies in folate can impair this process, leading to low mood and poor concentration.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Older adults with age-related cognitive decline or individuals looking to address a folate deficiency.
Potential benefits
- Information Processing Speed.Long-term supplementation in older adults with elevated homocysteine has been shown to significantly improve information processing and sensorimotor speed.
- Cognitive Health Maintenance.In individuals with mild cognitive impairment, daily folate may improve verbal IQ and specific memory span tasks over a 24-month period.
- Concentration Support (Unproven).Unconfirmed. Folate is essential for the production of neurotransmitters like dopamine, but its ability to improve focus in healthy individuals with normal folate levels is not established.
Limitations
- Ineffective for ADHD Focus.Clinical evidence shows L-methylfolate does not improve attention or executive function in adults with ADHD and may potentially reduce the efficacy of stimulant medication.
- B12-Dependent Risks.High folate status in the presence of low Vitamin B12 has been linked to lower cognitive test scores and increased risks of anemia in older adults.
- No Effect in Healthy Adults.Short-term supplementation does not appear to enhance psychomotor performance or attention in healthy individuals who already have adequate folate levels.
Things to consider
Folate supplementation can mask Vitamin B12 deficiency and may interact with ADHD stimulant medications like methylphenidate.
Study evidence
12 studiesFolate may improve selected cognitive abilities in certain older adults or people with low folate, but it is not established as a general focus enhancer. Direct attention-related research is mixed, and nutritional status, vitamin B12 status and the population studied matter.
Magnesium Minerals
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose200–400 mg / day
Magnesium acts as a gatekeeper for NMDA receptors, which are involved in learning and memory. It also plays a vital role in ATP production for cellular energy and helps maintain healthy nerve signaling, contributing to mental clarity and reducing brain fog.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Individuals with suboptimal magnesium levels or those experiencing age-related cognitive decline and focus difficulties.
Potential benefits
- Attention and Executive Function.Studies in older adults and children with ADHD suggest that adequate magnesium status is linked to better performance on tasks requiring attention, processing speed, and executive control.
- Processing Speed and Reaction Time.Clinical research indicates that specific magnesium formulations or higher serum levels are associated with improved reaction times and mental processing efficiency in adults.
- Support for Everyday Focus.Unconfirmed. While magnesium is essential for neurotransmitter activity, a dependable improvement in daily mental focus for healthy adults with normal magnesium levels is currently unproven.
Limitations
- Narrow Study Populations.Much of the supportive evidence is derived from specific groups, such as individuals with ADHD, cognitive impairment, or poor sleep, and may not apply to the general population.
- Formulation Variability.Positive results in some cognitive trials utilized specific forms like magnesium L-threonate, which may not translate to other common magnesium salts like citrate or oxide.
- Indirect Evidence.Many studies establish a correlation between magnesium levels and cognitive scores rather than proving that supplementation directly causes a noticeable increase in concentration.
Things to consider
High doses of magnesium can cause digestive upset or diarrhea; individuals with kidney disease or those on heart medications should consult a healthcare provider before supplementing.
Study evidence
6 studiesMagnesium shows some promise for attention and cognitive performance, but a reliable improvement in everyday focus has not been established. Findings in people with sleep or cognitive difficulties may not extend to healthy adults seeking better concentration.
Vitamin B12 Vitamins
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose250–1000 mcg / day
As part of the B-complex family, B12 is vital for maintaining the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers, ensuring rapid communication between brain cells. Deficiency can lead to significant cognitive impairment, fatigue, and poor concentration.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Individuals at risk of deficiency, such as older adults or those with restrictive diets, who are experiencing mental fatigue or slowed thinking.
Potential benefits
- Prevents deficiency-related focus loss.Correcting low vitamin B12 levels can resolve symptoms such as attention deficits, slowed thinking, and mental fog caused by impaired neurological function.
- Support for cognitive impairment.Clinical evidence suggests that intensive B12 supplementation may improve attention and calculation skills in older adults already experiencing cognitive decline.
- General focus enhancement.Unconfirmed. While essential for brain health, there is little evidence that taking extra B12 improves mental focus in individuals who already have adequate levels; this benefit is unproven for the general population.
Limitations
- Baseline status influence.Benefits for focus are primarily observed in correcting a deficiency; research on well-nourished individuals does not consistently show cognitive improvement from additional B12.
- Multi-nutrient confounding.Positive outcomes for concentration in healthy adults often come from studies using B-complex blends, making it difficult to attribute results to B12 alone.
- Variable response and delivery.Significant improvements in focus have often required long-term use or clinical-grade delivery methods, rather than immediate results from standard oral doses.
Things to consider
B12 absorption can be significantly reduced by age-related changes in stomach acid or the use of certain medications like proton pump inhibitors.
Study evidence
11 studiesVitamin B12 deficiency can impair attention and thinking, but extra B12 has not been established as a focus enhancer when levels are adequate. Favorable findings often come from people with cognitive impairment or from multivitamin products, which do not isolate B12’s effect.
Vitamin B6 Vitamins
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose10–50 mg / day
Vitamin B6 (as P-5-P) is required for the conversion of amino acid precursors (like L-Tyrosine) into neurotransmitters that govern alertness, motivation, and concentration. Without adequate B6, the brain cannot efficiently produce these essential chemicals, leading to impaired focus and mental fatigue.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Individuals seeking to support brain chemical synthesis who may have inadequate dietary intake of B vitamins.
Potential benefits
- Neurotransmitter Synthesis.Unconfirmed. Vitamin B6 is a required cofactor for the production of dopamine and norepinephrine, though supplementation has not been proven to directly improve mental focus in clinical trials.
- Cognitive Health Support.Unconfirmed. May support broader brain health as part of a balanced nutrient intake, though isolated benefits for sustained concentration are unproven.
Limitations
- No Proven Focus Benefit.Systematic reviews of controlled trials in healthy adults have found no consistent evidence that Vitamin B6 alone improves attention, concentration, or mood.
- Isolated Impact Unknown.Performance gains are frequently observed in studies using multi-nutrient blends, making the specific contribution of Vitamin B6 difficult to isolate.
- Focus vs. Memory.Standalone B6 research has shown modest benefits for information storage (memory) in older adults, which is a different cognitive domain than active focus.
Study evidence
6 studiesVitamin B6 has not consistently improved mental focus when tested on its own. Some research reports memory benefits or better performance with nutrient blends, but these findings do not establish that a standalone B6 supplement improves everyday attention or concentration.
Vitamin D Vitamins
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose1000–5000 IU / day
Vitamin D receptors are widespread throughout the brain in areas critical for cognition. Adequate levels are crucial for dopamine synthesis and neuroprotection, while deficiency is strongly linked to brain fog, poor executive function, and difficulty concentrating. Correcting deficiency can lead to significant improvements in mental clarity.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Children with ADHD or individuals with vitamin D deficiency seeking to support baseline brain health.
Potential benefits
- ADHD Inattention Support.When used as an add-on to standard treatment, supplementation may modestly improve inattention and hyperactivity in children with ADHD, particularly those with low baseline levels.
- Executive Function Maintenance.Unconfirmed. Maintaining adequate vitamin D is associated with better executive function in some populations, but it is unproven if supplementing improves these tasks in healthy adults with normal levels.
- Support for Aging Cognition.Unconfirmed. Some evidence suggests broad cognitive benefits in older adults, though specific improvements in focus and attention tasks are inconsistent across clinical trials.
Limitations
- Null Results in Healthy Groups.Multiple trials in healthy children and adults have found that vitamin D supplementation does not improve attention, learning, or executive function.
- No Direct Attention Benefit.A meta-analysis of older adults found no significant improvement in attention, executive function, or processing speed despite benefits in other cognitive areas.
- Slower Reaction at High Doses.Higher intake is not always better; research in postmenopausal women found that 4,000 IU daily led to slower reaction times compared to lower doses.
Things to consider
A U-shaped relationship may exist where both very low and very high blood levels are associated with slower attention and poorer reaction times.
Study evidence
11 studiesVitamin D has not shown a consistent benefit for mental focus in generally healthy people. Some evidence suggests improved attention symptoms in children with ADHD, especially with low vitamin D status, but this mainly concerns supplementation alongside treatment and remains uncertain.
Studies
Explore published research for this goal.
Sources
Up to five highest-ranked published examples per ingredient. Study counts and charts include all published studies for the connection.
- Four-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of choline for neurodevelopment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
- The relation of dietary choline to cognitive performance and white-matter hyperintensity in the Framingham Offspring Cohort.
- Association between Maternal Choline, Fetal Brain Development, and Child Neurocognition: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies.
- Effect of Choline Supplementation on Neurological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Outcomes in Offspring Arising from Alcohol Exposure During Development: A Quantitative Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies.
- Perinatal choline effects on neonatal pathophysiology related to later schizophrenia risk.
- Folate and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy has long-term effects on the attention system of 8.5-y-old offspring: a randomized controlled trial.
- Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder.
- Folate, vitamin B-12, and cognitive function in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.
- Vitamins B9 and B12 in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- Does L-Methylfolate Supplement Methylphenidate Pharmacotherapy in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?: Evidence of Lack of Benefit From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.
- Relationship between Whole-Blood Magnesium and Cognitive Performance among Chinese Adults.
- Serum Magnesium and Cognitive Function Among Qatari Adults.
- Magnesium status and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A meta-analysis.
- The effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on the mental health status of attention-deficit hyperactive children: a randomized controlled trial.
- The effects of magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®) on cognitive performance and sleep quality in adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- Vitamin B12 supplementation improves cognitive function in middle aged and elderly patients with cognitive impairment.
- Associations of one-carbon metabolism, related B-vitamins and ApoE genotype with cognitive function in older adults: identification of a novel gene-nutrient interaction.
- Vitamin B12 Levels Association with Functional and Structural Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Injury in Older Adults.
- Cobalamin: a critical vitamin in the elderly.
- The association of betaine, homocysteine and related metabolites with cognitive function in Dutch elderly people.
- Vitamin B-6 supplementation in elderly men: effects on mood, memory, performance and mental effort.
- The effect of vitamin B6 on cognition.
- Antiemetic use during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment: population-based birth cohort study.
- A nutritional blend of taurine, vitamins B6, B9, and B12 improves motivated behaviors in healthy adults-a double-blinded randomized clinical trial.
- B-Vitamin Therapy for Kidney Transplant Recipients Lowers Homocysteine and Improves Selective Cognitive Outcomes in the Randomized FAVORIT Ancillary Cognitive Trial
- Three Doses of Vitamin D and Cognitive Outcomes in Older Women: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Vitamin D and executive function: a preliminary report.
- Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Methodology-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
- Maternal vitamin D concentrations are associated with faster childhood reaction time and response speed, but not with motor fluency and flexibility, at the age of 5-6 years: the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) Study.
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cognitive decline in the very old: the Newcastle 85+ Study.
- Acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients.
- Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation During HCV Therapy With Pegylated Interferon-α 2b Plus Ribavirin: Effect on Work Performance; A Randomized Clinical Trial.
- [Psycho-functional changes in attention and learning under the action of L-acetylcarnitine in 17 young subjects. A pilot study of its use in mental deterioration].
- Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a multi-site, placebo-controlled pilot trial.
- Acetyl-L-carnitine for patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
- Acute Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Supplementation Enhances Cognitive Performance in Healthy Men.
- Effects of modafinil and caffeine on night-time vigilance of air force crewmembers: A randomized controlled trial.
- Acute effects of caffeine on attention: a comparison of non-consumers and withdrawn consumers.
- Performance and alertness effects of caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil during sleep deprivation.
- Effects of caffeine on mood and performance: a study of realistic consumption.
- Effects of caffeine or diphenhydramine on visual vigilance.
- The Effects of 8-Week Creatine Hydrochloride and Creatine Ethyl Ester Supplementation on Cognition, Clinical Outcomes, and Brain Creatine Levels in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women (CONCRET-MENOPA): A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Creatine and Cognition in Aging: A Systematic Review of Evidence in Older Adults.
- Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol.
- Six-Week Supplementation with Creatine in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Feasibility Study at 3 Tesla.
- The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- The effectiveness and efficacy of Rhodiola rosea L.: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.
- Effects of Rhodiola rosea on Physical and Decision-Making Performance in Football Players: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
- Dose-Response Effects of Short-Term Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root Extract) Supplementation on Anaerobic Exercise Performance and Cognitive Function in Resistance-Trained Athletes: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Study.
- Effects of Rhodiola rosea supplementation on mental performance, physical capacity, and oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy men.
- Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity.
- Effects of Tea (Camellia sinensis) or its Bioactive Compounds l-Theanine or l-Theanine plus Caffeine on Cognition, Sleep, and Mood in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Effects of l-Theanine on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Subjects: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.
- Acute effects of theanine, caffeine and theanine-caffeine combination on attention.
- Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine Supplementation for 28 Days in Healthy Adults with Moderate Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
- Effect of L-theanine on selective attention in a traffic-related reaction task in sleep-deprived young adults: a double-blind placebo-controlled, crossover study.
- Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in children and adolescents with mild attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive Functions.
- Effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract with Sominone (Somin-On™) to improve memory in adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
- A clinical assessment of the therapeutic effects of Ashwagandha root extract on cognitive performance, sleep, and fatigue in children aged 6-12 years.
- A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
- Evaluating the effects of Bacopa monnieri on cognitive performance and sleep quality of patients with mild cognitive impairment: A triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
- Comparative effects of Bacopa monnieri and Ginkgo biloba on cognitive functions: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
- Cognitive effects of two nutraceuticals Ginseng and Bacopa benchmarked against modafinil: a review and comparison of effect sizes.
- Efficiency of Different Supplements in Alleviating Symptoms of ADHD with or Without the Use of Stimulants: A Systematic Review.
- Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract.
- Stimulating effect of adaptogens: an overview with particular reference to their efficacy following single dose administration.
- No benefit adding eleutherococcus senticosus to stress management training in stress-related fatigue/weakness, impaired work or concentration, a randomized controlled study.
- The influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive function in individuals without dementia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
- EPA supplementation improves teacher-rated behaviour and oppositional symptoms in children with ADHD.
- Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)-Should They Be Mandatory Supplements in Pregnancy?
- Supplementation with oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, but not in docosahexaenoic acid, improves global cognitive function in healthy, young adults: results from randomized controlled trials.
- Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 in the Treatment of Patients with Mild Neurocognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.
- Proof of efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia.
- Proof of efficacy of the ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia.
- Ginkgo biloba extract improved cognitive and neurological functions of acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial.
- Ginkgo biloba in the Aging Process: A Narrative Review.
- Acute effects of a standardised extract of Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane mushroom) on cognition and mood in healthy younger adults: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study.
- Effect of vinpocetine (cognitol™) on cognitive performances of a nigerian population.
- "Brain-specific" nutrients: a memory cure?
- Psychopharmacological effects of vinpocetine in normal healthy volunteers.
- Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study.
- Iodine intake from supplements and diet during pregnancy and child cognitive and motor development: the INMA Mother and Child Cohort Study.
- Breastfeeding and maternal and infant iodine nutrition.
- Preconception Maternal Iodine Status Is Positively Associated with IQ but Not with Measures of Executive Function in Childhood.
- Iodine deficiency: consequences and progress toward elimination.
- The Effect of Iron-Fortified Lentils on Blood and Cognitive Status among Adolescent Girls in Bangladesh.
- Cognitive Performance in Indian School-Going Adolescents Is Positively Affected by Consumption of Iron-Biofortified Pearl Millet: A 6-Month Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial.
- Effects of iron supplementation twice a week on attention score and haematologic measures in female high school students.
- Randomised study of cognitive effects of iron supplementation in non-anaemic iron-deficient adolescent girls.
- Effect of iron supplementation on cognition in Greek preschoolers.
- Cognition after a 4-week high phenylalanine intake in adults with phenylketonuria - a randomized controlled trial.
- A systematic review of cognitive functioning in early treated adults with phenylketonuria.
- Are Functional Brain Networks Sensitive to High Phenylalanine in Adults With Phenylketonuria?
- Sustained attention in untreated non-PKU-hyperphenylalaninemia.
- Effects of L-histidine depletion and L-tyrosine/L-phenylalanine depletion on sensory and motor processes in healthy volunteers.
- The efficacy of zinc augmentation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder under treatment with methylphenidate: A randomized controlled trial.
- Effects of zinc supplementation on parent and teacher behaviour rating scores in low socioeconomic level Turkish primary school children.
- The Role of Iron and Zinc in the Treatment of ADHD among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
- Does zinc moderate essential fatty acid and amphetamine treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
- The effect of zinc supplementation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and dose-response meta‑analysis of randomized clinical trials.