Lifestyle changes
Make time for regular movement, learning, and social activities that keep you mentally engaged. Give demanding tasks a clear place in the day and keep sleep and recovery consistent.
Cognitive Support
Cognitive support focuses on the skills involved in learning, remembering, reasoning, and staying mentally engaged. These abilities work together during everyday tasks, but you may notice that one area matters more in a particular situation. A clear priority helps shape a routine around the kind of thinking you want to support. Normal cognition relies on energy availability, nerve signaling, and the nutritional components of brain cells. Some ingredients contribute to this underlying foundation, while others are used for more targeted support of memory, attention, or mental stamina. Understanding the distinction makes it easier to select a manageable combination with a clear purpose. Useful outcomes come from familiar activities. Retaining information, following a complex task, or staying mentally engaged through a demanding period can each provide a practical reference. Looking at these patterns over time helps you judge whether your routine fits your needs and where a more specific focus would be useful.
Warnings
- Check medicine interactions: Ask a pharmacist or clinician to review your exact products alongside your medicines. The ingredient, amount, and treatment determine which combinations are suitable.
- Count all stimulants: Count caffeine from drinks and supplements together. Review intake if you notice jitteriness, palpitations, anxiety, or disrupted sleep.
- Review potent cognitive ingredients: Review compounds such as huperzine and vinpocetine individually for suitability and interactions. Agree any ongoing use with an appropriately qualified professional.
- Assess new cognitive changes: New, progressive, or function-limiting changes in memory or thinking need assessment. Supplements should not delay a review of possible medical, sleep-related, or medicine-related causes.
Ingredient overview
Goal guidance
Diet changes
Build regular meals around varied protein sources, plants, whole grains, and unsaturated fats. Review nutrient needs when appetite or dietary restrictions limit your usual choices.
Who this is for
Adults looking to support memory, mental clarity, learning, and resilience during cognitively demanding periods.
Who should be careful
Check interactions with medicines for mood, attention, blood pressure, or clotting. Stimulants may aggravate anxiety or sleep problems, and combining potent cognitive ingredients makes careful review especially important.
Expected timeline
Different ingredients have different patterns of use. Follow practical outcomes such as recall, attention, and mental stamina over time, using similar tasks for comparison.
Common mistakes
A larger ingredient list does not make a routine easier to judge. Choose one or two priorities, introduce changes gradually, and give consistent sleep the attention it deserves.
Ingredients
Choline Vitamins
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose250–1000 mg / day
Choline is a direct precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter vital for learning, memory, and focus. It is also a key component of phosphatidylcholine, which is necessary for the structural integrity of brain cell membranes. Ensuring adequate choline intake supports fundamental cognitive architecture and signaling.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Older adults experiencing age-associated memory changes or individuals seeking to support foundational brain health through essential nutrient intake.
Potential benefits
- Memory support in aging.Clinical trials indicate that specific forms of choline, such as citicoline and choline alfoscerate, may improve episodic and verbal memory in older adults with age-related memory impairment or cerebrovascular concerns.
- Developmental memory support.Higher maternal intake during pregnancy or targeted supplementation in early childhood is linked to improved visual and sequential memory in offspring, particularly in contexts of prenatal alcohol exposure.
- Processing speed and fluid intelligence.Unconfirmed. Large-scale population data associates moderate dietary choline intake with better performance in visual attention, processing speed, and fluid intelligence, though more clinical trials are needed to confirm if supplementation causes these improvements.
Limitations
- Form dependent outcomes.Cognitive benefits observed in research are often specific to compounds like CDP-choline or choline alfoscerate and may not translate to other common forms like lecithin or choline bitartrate.
- Mixed cognitive results.Improvements are frequently limited to specific memory tasks, with inconsistent evidence for benefits to attention, general intelligence, or the reversal of established dementia.
- Regulatory and clinical uncertainty.Major scientific reviews have found that a definitive cause-and-effect relationship between choline supplementation and memory maintenance in healthy adults is not yet consistently established across the general population.
Things to consider
Dietary choline can be metabolized by gut bacteria into TMAO, a compound associated with increased cognitive and cardiovascular risk in some observational studies.
Study evidence
76 studiesCholine is essential for normal brain function, but extra supplementation does not consistently improve cognition. Some forms show memory benefits in selected clinical or developmental settings, while mixed and negative findings prevent a general claim that Choline supplements sharpen thinking or prevent cognitive decline.
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) Fatty Acids
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose250–1500 mg / day
While DHA is structural, EPA plays a vital role in regulating inflammation within the brain, which is a key factor in cognitive aging and mood disorders. It also helps produce signaling molecules that support overall brain function.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Adults seeking to support cognitive processing speed and mental efficiency through omega-3 fatty acids.
Potential benefits
- Cognitive Task Efficiency.Clinical research in healthy young adults suggests that EPA-rich oil supplementation can improve both the speed and accuracy of global cognitive performance.
- Psychomotor Speed Support.Observational studies link higher EPA intake to better psychomotor speed, particularly in middle-aged and older adults.
- Memory and Brain Structure.Higher EPA levels are associated with better delayed recall performance and favorable structural brain markers, such as hippocampal volume, in middle-aged populations.
Limitations
- Inconsistent Trial Results.Supplementation has failed to show significant cognitive benefits in clinical trials involving children with ADHD, patients with schizophrenia, or adults with cardiovascular disease.
- Unproven for Dementia.Current evidence does not establish that taking EPA supplements can reliably prevent dementia or improve overall cognitive performance in populations with existing impairment.
- Isolating EPA Effects.Because EPA is frequently studied alongside DHA or as part of fish consumption, its specific independent contribution to cognitive health is difficult to determine.
Study evidence
24 studiesEPA-rich omega-3 oil has shown some cognitive benefits, but the overall evidence is mixed and often combines EPA with DHA. Higher dietary intake or blood levels are associated with better cognition in some studies, without proving that EPA supplements prevent cognitive decline.
Folate Vitamins
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose400–800 mcg / day
Folate's role is as critical as Vitamin B12's for neurological function.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Older adults with low folate status or elevated homocysteine, particularly in regions without mandatory food fortification.
Potential benefits
- Homocysteine Regulation.Folate helps lower homocysteine levels, a blood marker associated with brain atrophy and an increased risk of cognitive decline in the elderly.
- Support for Mild Impairment.Supplemental folate may help preserve global functioning, processing speed, and IQ scores in adults already experiencing mild cognitive impairment or existing folate insufficiency.
- Early Neurodevelopment.Adequate maternal intake during early pregnancy is positively associated with language and cognitive development in offspring.
Limitations
- Baseline Status Impact.Supplemental benefits are significantly reduced or absent in populations already receiving adequate folate through mandatory grain fortification or nutrient-rich diets.
- Inconsistent Memory Effects.Meta-analyses show that while global cognition may improve, specific memory scores often show no significant change in healthy or unselected older adults.
- Dementia Prevention Uncertainty.Although low folate is a risk factor, clinical trials have not consistently proven that supplementation prevents the development of Alzheimer's disease or dementia.
Things to consider
High folate intake can mask Vitamin B12 deficiency, potentially allowing neurological damage to progress undetected. Chronic intake exceeding 1,000 mcg per day has been associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in some studies.
Study evidence
68 studiesFolate supports normal brain function, and supplementation may help some older adults with low folate status or cognitive impairment. Benefits are inconsistent when folate is already adequate, and the available research does not establish routine supplementation as a way to prevent dementia.
Magnesium Minerals
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose200–400 mg / day
Magnesium is a critical cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, many of which occur in the brain. It plays a key role in synaptic plasticity (the basis of learning and memory) and helps calm the nervous system. Highly bioavailable forms like Magnesium L-Threonate are particularly noted for their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Older adults or individuals with low dietary magnesium intake looking to support long-term cognitive health.
Potential benefits
- Cognitive Health Maintenance.High dietary magnesium intake and adequate serum levels are strongly associated with a reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults.
- Post-Surgical Cognitive Support.Clinical studies suggest that magnesium administration during surgery may help protect short-term memory and reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive decline.
- General Mental Performance.Unconfirmed. While magnesium is essential for brain plasticity, it is unproven whether supplements provide cognitive benefits for healthy individuals who already meet their daily magnesium requirements.
Limitations
- Association vs. Causation.Much of the evidence is observational; while low magnesium is linked to cognitive decline, it does not confirm that taking supplements will prevent it.
- U-Shaped Risk Profile.Data indicates that both very low and abnormally high serum magnesium levels are associated with an increased risk of dementia, particularly vascular dementia.
- Population Specificity.Benefits are often observed in specific contexts, such as patients with depression, diabetes, or those undergoing medical procedures, and may not apply to the general population.
Things to consider
Both low and excessively high serum magnesium levels are linked to cognitive risks. Individuals with sedentary lifestyles, smokers, or those not meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) may be more susceptible to magnesium-related cognitive vulnerability.
Study evidence
24 studiesMagnesium shows preliminary promise for cognitive function in selected groups, but a consistent benefit for everyday thinking or memory is not established. Associations with magnesium status also do not demonstrate that supplementation prevents cognitive decline or dementia.
Thiamin Vitamins
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose1.2–100 mg / day
Thiamin (Vitamin B1) is a critical component of energy metabolism. The brain is the body's most energy-demanding organ, relying almost exclusively on glucose. Thiamin is indispensable for this process, making it foundational for mental energy, clarity, and focus.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Individuals at risk of deficiency due to restricted diets, alcohol use, or age-related metabolic changes.
Potential benefits
- Neurological Recovery.Thiamin is essential for treating and preventing Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a serious neurological condition caused by deficiency that leads to confusion and memory loss.
- Alcohol-Related Support.Supplementation may improve memory, abstraction, and executive function in individuals with alcohol use disorder, even when clinical deficiency is not present.
- Brain Energy Processing.Unconfirmed. As a cofactor for glucose metabolism, thiamin is required for mental energy; however, its effectiveness as a cognitive enhancer in well-nourished adults remains unproven.
Limitations
- Mixed Aging Results.While some studies link higher intake to better cognition in seniors, others show no benefit or suggest very high intake may correlate with faster cognitive decline.
- Ineffective for Alzheimer's.Systematic reviews have found no reliable evidence that thiamin supplementation improves cognitive symptoms or slows the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
- Medical Delivery vs Supplements.Most established cognitive benefits for deficiency-related syndromes involve high-dose injections; evidence for standard oral supplements in these cases is less robust.
Things to consider
One large cohort study found a J-shaped relationship where dietary thiamin intake above 0.68 mg/day was associated with cognitive decline. In clinical settings, administering glucose before thiamin can worsen deficiency-related neurological symptoms.
Study evidence
30 studiesThiamin is essential for cognitive health, and correcting deficiency is an established part of treating serious deficiency-related brain disorders. Evidence that extra thiamin improves thinking or prevents cognitive decline in people with adequate nutrition is much less clear, with mixed observational and treatment findings.
Vitamin B12 Vitamins
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose250–1000 mcg / day
Deficiency in Vitamin B12 is directly linked to cognitive impairment, memory loss, and fatigue. It works in concert with Folate (B9) to regulate homocysteine levels, an amino acid that can be neurotoxic at high concentrations. Supplementation is particularly important for older adults and those on plant-based diets.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Older adults and individuals with B12 deficiency or those using medications like metformin that impact absorption.
Potential benefits
- Cognitive Restoration in Deficiency.Supplementation can improve attention and calculation scores specifically in individuals where a clinical deficiency is the primary cause of impairment.
- Structural Brain Support.When combined with other B vitamins, B12 may help slow the rate of brain tissue loss in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and high homocysteine.
- Early Neurodevelopment.Adequate maternal B12 status during pregnancy is linked to improved working memory and language outcomes in offspring.
Limitations
- Baseline Status Requirement.Research indicates that B12 does not provide additional cognitive or memory benefits for individuals who already have adequate nutrient levels.
- Inconsistent Dementia Prevention.While low levels are a risk factor for cognitive decline, evidence has not confirmed that supplementation prevents the development of dementia or Alzheimer's disease.
- Duration and Response.Brief supplementation periods may not be sufficient to observe clinical changes, as some brain-health benefits have only been noted in long-term studies.
Things to consider
High folate intake can mask B12 deficiency symptoms or potentially accelerate cognitive decline in those with low B12 levels. Long-term use of metformin or acid-suppressing drugs can interfere with B12 absorption.
Study evidence
84 studiesVitamin B12 can help cognition when clear deficiency contributes to symptoms, but extra B12 has not consistently improved memory or prevented decline in people without such deficiency. Positive findings often involve combinations with other B vitamins or selected clinical populations.
Studies
Explore published research for this goal.
Sources
Up to five highest-ranked published examples per ingredient. Study counts and charts include all published studies for the connection.
- Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
- Association of dietary choline intake with incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease, and mild cognitive impairment: a large population-based prospective cohort study.
- Choline intake during pregnancy and child cognition at age 7 years.
- Effects of choline alfoscerate on cognitive function and quality of life in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
- Maternal choline supplementation mitigates alcohol exposure effects on neonatal brain volumes.
- Blood polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, brain atrophy, cognitive decline, and dementia risk.
- Thirteen-year prospective study between fish consumption, long-chain n-3 fatty acids intakes and cognitive function.
- Serum ω-3 Fatty Acids and Cognitive Domains in Community-Dwelling Older Adults from the NuAge Study: Exploring the Associations with Other Fatty Acids and Sex.
- Breast milk EPA associated with infant distractibility when EPA level is low.
- Association of Red Blood Cell Omega-3 Fatty Acids With MRI Markers and Cognitive Function in Midlife: The Framingham Heart Study.
- Effects of 6-Month Folic Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Blood Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China.
- Serum folate and B12 levels in association with cognitive impairment among seniors: results from the VELESTINO study in Greece and meta-analysis.
- B vitamins and prevention of cognitive decline and incident dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Homocysteine and folate as risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer disease.
- Folate mediates cognitive impairment of aged people with periodontitis.
- Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus.
- Effects of magnesium valproate adjuvant therapy on patients with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Effects of magnesium supplementation on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive function in patients undergoing fluoxetine therapy for depression.
- Magnesium-L-threonate improves sleep quality and daytime functioning in adults with self-reported sleep problems: A randomized controlled trial.
- Could intraoperative magnesium sulphate protect against postoperative cognitive dysfunction?
- Thiamine supplementation holds neurocognitive benefits for breastfed infants during the first year of life.
- What is the impact of thiamine deficiency on cognitive function in patients with alcohol use disorder? - A systematic review.
- Association between dietary vitamin B1 intake and cognitive function among older adults: a cross-sectional study.
- Association of vitamin B1 intake with geriatric cognitive function: An analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014.
- A systematic review of treatments for alcohol-related cognitive impairment: lessons from the past and gaps for future interventions.
- Maternal Vitamin B12 Status During Pregnancy and Its Association With Outcomes of Pregnancy and Health of the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Implications for Policy in India.
- Effect of Maternal Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Outcomes in South Indian Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
- Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12, Alone and in Combination on Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Factors in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Single-blind Experimental Design.
- Vitamin B12 supplementation improves cognitive function in middle aged and elderly patients with cognitive impairment.
- Prenatal vitamin B12 status and cognitive functioning in children at 4 years of age: The ECLIPSES Study.
- Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Vitamin B6 as an Adjunctive Treatment for Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia in Male Patients With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.
- Associations between dietary B vitamin intakes and cognitive function among elderly individuals: An observational study.
- Lower Plasma Vitamin B-6 is Associated with 2-Year Cognitive Decline in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.
- Lower water-soluble vitamins and higher homocysteine are associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
- Associations of one-carbon metabolism, related B-vitamins and ApoE genotype with cognitive function in older adults: identification of a novel gene-nutrient interaction.
- The impact of vitamin D food fortification and health outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-regression.
- Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function Through Reducing Oxidative Stress Regulated by Telomere Length in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive function and blood Aβ-related biomarkers in older adults with Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- Dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year changes in cognitive function in older adults with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome.
- Gestational vitamin D concentration and child cognitive development: a longitudinal cohort study in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program.
- Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy.
- A double-blind, parallel, multicenter comparison of L-acetylcarnitine with placebo on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in fragile X syndrome boys.
- Acetyl-L-carnitine improves cognitive functions in severe hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized and controlled clinical trial.
- Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease.
- Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) treatment in elderly patients with fatigue.
- Comparative study of choline alfoscerate as a combination therapy with donepezil: A mixed double-blind randomized controlled and open-label observation trial.
- Activity of Choline Alphoscerate on Adult-Onset Cognitive Dysfunctions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- [Gliatilin in the Treatment of Cognitive Impairments Not Reaching the Level of Dementia: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review].
- Vertical Association Between Dietary Total Choline and L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine and the Cognitive Function in Chinese Adults Aged over 55, Result from China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997-2018.
- Effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract with Sominone (Somin-On™) to improve memory in adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
- Acute and Repeated Ashwagandha Supplementation Improves Markers of Cognitive Function and Mood.
- A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
- Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in children and adolescents with mild attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- Efficacy of Withania somnifera supplementation on adult's cognition and mood.
- Effects of astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis extract on cognitive function: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
- Effect of astaxanthin-rich extract derived from Paracoccus carotinifaciens on cognitive function in middle-aged and older individuals.
- The Effects of Astaxanthin on Cognitive Function and Neurodegeneration in Humans: A Critical Review.
- Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Fatigue, Motor Function and Cognition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Astaxanthin and improvement of dementia: A systematic review of current clinical trials.
- The cognitive-enhancing effects of Bacopa monnieri: a systematic review of randomized, controlled human clinical trials.
- The effect of plant active substances on cognitive function in healthy older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Comparative efficacy of Medhya Rasayana,Bacopa monnieri, and Centella asiatica in enhancing memory and IQ of 8-10 year-old healthy boys: A prakriti-based double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
- A systematic review of the Ayurvedic medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri in child and adolescent populations.
- Efficacy of Standardized Extract of Bacopa monnieri (Bacognize®) on Cognitive Functions of Medical Students: A Six-Week, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.
- Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Loading on Sleep Metrics, Physical Performance, Cognitive Function, and Recovery in Physically Active Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial.
- Creatine supplementation enhances corticomotor excitability and cognitive performance during oxygen deprivation.
- The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive performance-a randomised controlled study.
- Acute creatine supplementation enhances technical performance in adolescent basketball players under cognitive-motor dual-task condition.
- Effects of creatine supplementation on memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Curcumin-Rich Curry Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Cognitive Decline and Incidence of Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: An Asian Population-Based Study.
- Curcumin: A Golden Approach to Healthy Aging: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.
- The effect of curcumin supplementation on cognitive function: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Curcumin and Cognitive Health: Insights from Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Botanicals and phytochemicals active on cognitive decline: The clinical evidence.
- Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with behavioural and psychological symptoms: A systematic review.
- Efficacy of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a predefined exploratory analysis of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
- A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group.
- Alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Findings from a randomized controlled trial.
- Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomized controlled trial.
- Safety and efficacy of cognitive training plus epigallocatechin-3-gallate in young adults with Down's syndrome (TESDAD): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.
- Association between tea consumption and risk of cognitive disorders: A dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.
- Investigating the Impact of Tea Consumption on Cognitive Function and Exploring Tea-Genetic Interactions in Older Adults Aged 65-105 Years: Findings from the 2002-2018 CLHLS Data.
- Consumption of green tea, but not black tea or coffee, is associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline.
- Green Tea Consumption and the Risk of Incident Dementia in Elderly Japanese: The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study.
- Cognitive effects of guarana supplementation with maximal intensity cycling.
- Cognitive Performance Enhancement Induced by Caffeine, Carbohydrate and Guarana Mouth Rinsing during Submaximal Exercise.
- Improved cognitive performance in human volunteers following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginseng.
- Effect of Guarana (Paullinia cupana) on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Prevention of Early Alzheimer's Disease by Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.
- Benefits, side effects, and uses of Hericium erinaceus as a supplement: a systematic review.
- Improvement of cognitive functions by oral intake of Hericium erinaceus.
- The Acute and Chronic Effects of Lion's Mane Mushroom Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Stress and Mood in Young Adults: A Double-Blind, Parallel Groups, Pilot Study.
- Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
- Adjunctive huperzine A for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Huperzine a in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: a meta-analysis.
- Huperzine A associated with improved early postoperative cognitive function after neurosurgery under general anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial.
- [Clinical efficacy and safety of huperzine Alpha in treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial].
- [Drug evaluation of huperzine A in the treatment of senile memory disorders].
- Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on the Cognitive Function of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Effects of resveratrol supplementation on multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.
- Does phytoestrogen supplementation improve cognition in humans? A systematic review.
- Long-Term Resveratrol Intake for Cognitive and Cerebral Blood Flow Impairment in Carotid Artery Stenosis/Occlusion.
- Resveratrol improves cognitive function and quality of life in postmenopausal women.
- Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity.
- Effects of a Rhodiola rosea extract on mental resource allocation and attention: An event-related potential dual task study.
- Central additive effect of Ginkgo biloba and Rhodiola rosea on psychomotor vigilance task and short-term working memory accuracy.
- Clinical evidence for the adaptogenic effects of Withania somnifera and Rhodiola rosea - A systematic review with molecular interpretation of psychometric outcomes.
- A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardised extract shr-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue.
- Assessing the effects of caffeine and theanine on the maintenance of vigilance during a sustained attention task.
- Effects of Tea (Camellia sinensis) or its Bioactive Compounds l-Theanine or l-Theanine plus Caffeine on Cognition, Sleep, and Mood in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Dose-response effect of L-theanine on psychomotor speed, sustained attention, and inhibitory control: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
- Acute effects of theanine, caffeine and theanine-caffeine combination on attention.
- Acute ingestion of rosemary water: Evidence of cognitive and cerebrovascular effects in healthy adults.
- Short-term study on the effects of rosemary on cognitive function in an elderly population.
- The impact of a rosemary containing drink on event-related potential neural markers of sustained attention.
- The effect of rosemary hydroalcoholic extract on cognitive function and activities of daily living of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A clinical trial.
- Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on memory performance, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in university students: A randomized clinical trial.
- Association of Circulating Caprylic Acid with Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Cohort.
- No benefit adding eleutherococcus senticosus to stress management training in stress-related fatigue/weakness, impaired work or concentration, a randomized controlled study.
- Efficacy of Zinc Supplement in Minimal hepatic Encephalopathy: A prospective, Randomized Controlled Study (Zinc-MHE Trial).
- Effects of zinc supplementation on parent and teacher behaviour rating scores in low socioeconomic level Turkish primary school children.
- L-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and cognitive decline in Chinese older people.
- The efficacy of zinc augmentation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder under treatment with methylphenidate: A randomized controlled trial.
- A preliminary report: effects of zinc and micronutrient repletion on growth and neuropsychological function of urban Chinese children.
- Senile dementia: treatment with deanol.
- Effects of dimethylaminoethanol pyroglutamate (DMAE p-Glu) against memory deficits induced by scopolamine: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies.