Chromium

Description

Chromium is a vital trace mineral that plays a significant role in the body's metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is most notably recognized for its ability to enhance the action of insulin, a key hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. The most bioavailable form for supplementation is trivalent chromium (Cr3+), commonly found as chromium picolinate, chromium polynicotinate, or chromium chloride. While the precise mechanism is still under investigation, chromium is believed to form part of a molecule called chromodulin, which helps insulin bind more effectively to cell receptors, thereby improving the efficiency of glucose utilization. Due to its influence on insulin sensitivity, chromium is often researched for its potential benefits in supporting healthy blood sugar management, especially in individuals with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. It also contributes to maintaining healthy lipid profiles and may have a role in appetite regulation and body weight management.

Sources
Whole grainsBroccoliGreen beansPotatoesMeat (beef, poultry)ApplesBananasGrapesOrange juiceSome spices
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Timing & Intake
AnytimeWith foodTake with Preferably taken with meals to minimize potential stomach upset and align with its role in metabolism.
Daily Intake
RDA (Men)35 mcg
RDA (Women)25 mcg
RDI35 mcg
Optimal Dosage
Minimum100 mcg
Maximum400 mcg
Safety & Toxicity
Upper Limit (UL)1000 mcg
Toxicity Threshold1200 mcg
Toxicity EffectKidney damage, liver dysfunction
Product stats
Price per product
Average$29.46
Median$24.99
Price per serving
Average$0.86
Median$0.67
Price per 100 mcg
Average$0.53
Median$0.34
Price distribution
Price per serving distribution
Price per 100 mcg
Reference amount: 100 mcg
Forms
Paired ingredients
Ingredient forms
Chromium Picolinate (219)75
Chromium picolinate is a compound of chromium and picolinic acid. It is one of the most widely used forms of chromium in supplements due to its enhanced bioavailability compared to other forms. It is frequently investigated for its potential to improve insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and impact on weight and body composition.
Pros
  • Highly bioavailable
  • Widely studied
  • Common in supplements
Cons
  • Some historical concerns about picolinate affecting DNA in very high doses (not typically seen with standard use)
  • Efficacy for weight loss is often inconsistent in studies
Per product
Avg$26.16
Med$22.72
Per serving
Avg$0.69
Med$0.52
Per 100 mcg
Avg$1.45
Med$0.46
Price distribution
Chromium Polynicotinate (140)70
Chromium polynicotinate, also known as chromium niacin-bound, is a complex where chromium is bound to niacin (nicotinic acid). This form is believed to offer good bioavailability and is sometimes preferred over picolinate due to concerns some have about picolinic acid. It is associated with supporting healthy glucose metabolism.
Pros
  • Good bioavailability
  • Avoids picolinate concerns
  • Potential synergistic effect with niacin
Cons
  • Less extensively studied than chromium picolinate
Per product
Avg$44.48
Med$37.39
Per serving
Avg$1.19
Med$0.83
Per 100 mcg
Avg$1.03
Med$0.69
Price distribution
Chromium Nicotinate Glycinate Chelate (67)78
Chromium Nicotinate Glycinate Chelate is a complex form of chromium where the mineral is bound to both niacin (nicotinic acid) and the amino acid glycine. This dual chelation strategy is intended to maximize absorption and utilization within the body, aiming to provide superior support for insulin function, glucose metabolism, and overall metabolic health compared to simpler forms.
Pros
  • High bioavailability due to dual chelation
  • Combines benefits of nicotinate and glycinate
Cons
  • Less research specifically on this combined chelate compared to single chelates
Per product
Avg$32.84
Med$32.99
Per serving
Avg$0.66
Med$0.53
Per 100 mcg
Avg$0.84
Med$0.64
Price distribution
Chromium Nicotinate (58)68
Chromium nicotinate is a chromium complex with nicotinic acid. It is structurally similar to chromium polynicotinate and is designed for improved absorption compared to inorganic chromium salts. It is used in supplements to support healthy blood sugar levels and fat metabolism.
Pros
  • Good bioavailability
  • Avoids picolinate concerns
Cons
  • Less common and less studied than picolinate
Per product
Avg$35.70
Med$32.99
Per serving
Avg$0.69
Med$0.63
Per 100 mcg
Avg$0.51
Med$0.39
Price distribution
Chromium Glutamate (37)65
Chromium glutamate is a chelated form of chromium where it is bound to the amino acid glutamate. Chelation with amino acids is a common strategy to enhance mineral absorption, as amino acids can facilitate transport across intestinal walls. This form aims to support normal metabolic functions.
Pros
  • Improved absorption due to amino acid chelation
Cons
  • Limited research specific to this form
  • Less common in supplements
Per product
Avg$38.27
Med$36.29
Per serving
Avg$0.70
Med$0.73
Per 100 mcg
Avg$0.46
Med$0.38
Price distribution
Chromium Chloride (36)40
Chromium chloride is a simple inorganic salt of chromium. While it is a source of elemental chromium, its absorption in the human body is significantly lower than that of organic or chelated forms. It is less commonly used in supplements for its metabolic benefits due to this poor bioavailability.
Pros
  • Cost-effective
Cons
  • Very poor bioavailability
  • Less effective for supplementation compared to other forms
Per product
Avg$18.82
Med$14.99
Per serving
Avg$0.85
Med$0.55
Per 10 mcg
Avg$0.35
Med$0.13
Price distribution
fermented Chromium Glycinate (32)80
Fermented Chromium Glycinate is a modern form of chromium supplement that combines the amino acid glycine as a chelating agent with the benefits of fermentation. Glycinate chelates are known for their high bioavailability. The fermentation process can further enhance the nutrient's absorbability and digestibility, aiming for superior efficacy in supporting metabolic health.
Pros
  • Very high bioavailability
  • Gentle on the digestive system
  • Often uses natural fermentation processes
Cons
  • Newer form, so less long-term research than picolinate
  • Potentially higher cost
Per product
Avg$37.52
Med$35.99
Per serving
Avg$0.68
Med$0.60
Per 100 mcg
Avg$0.49
Med$0.41
Price distribution
Chromium Amino Acid Chelate (30)70
Chromium amino acid chelate is a broad category encompassing various forms where chromium is complexed with amino acids (e.g., glycine, methionine, cysteine). This chelation protects the mineral from interference during digestion and facilitates its transport across the intestinal wall, thereby improving bioavailability and effectiveness for metabolic support.
Pros
  • Improved bioavailability compared to inorganic forms
  • Generally well-tolerated
Cons
  • Specific amino acid(s) used are not always specified, which can lead to variability in quality and absorption
Per product
Avg$30.23
Med$23.89
Per serving
Avg$0.77
Med$0.66
Per 100 mcg
Avg$1.79
Med$0.83
Price distribution
S. cerevisiae (25)72
S. cerevisiae refers to chromium that has been organically bound and integrated into the yeast cell during fermentation. This 'food-form' or 'yeast-bound' chromium is believed to have good bioavailability, as the body may recognize and absorb it more readily in a natural matrix. It is used to support glucose metabolism and general health.
Pros
  • Food-form, natural source
  • Good bioavailability
  • Provides other cofactors from yeast
Cons
  • Individuals with yeast allergies should avoid
  • Less precise dosing compared to synthetic chelates
Per product
Avg$40.96
Med$35.69
Per serving
Avg$0.84
Med$1.00
Per 10 mcg
Avg$0.19
Med$0.12
Price distribution
TRAACS Chromium Nicotinate Glycinate Chelate (25)68
Chromium nicotinate is a chromium complex with nicotinic acid. It is structurally similar to chromium polynicotinate and is designed for improved absorption compared to inorganic chromium salts. It is used in supplements to support healthy blood sugar levels and fat metabolism.
Pros
  • Good bioavailability
  • Avoids picolinate concerns
Cons
  • Less common and less studied than picolinate
Per product
Avg$39.00
Med$36.00
Per serving
Avg$1.34
Med$1.05
Per 100 mcg
Avg$1.29
Med$0.65
Price distribution