Ginkgo

botanical

Ginkgo biloba is an ancient tree species with fan-shaped leaves that have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Its leaf extract contains flavonoids and terpenoids, compounds believed to underlie its health benefits. These antioxidants help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Ginkgo's effects are linked to enhanced blood flow, particularly microcirculation in the brain. Improved cerebral circulation is thought to support memory, focus, and mental clarity. Ginkgo may also support peripheral circulation elsewhere in the body. Researchers also study ginkgo's anti-inflammatory properties and its role in neurotransmitter regulation. These areas of research explain its use in supplements intended to support brain health, mental sharpness, and age-related cognitive decline.

Natural sources
Leaves of the Ginkgo Biloba tree

Ingredient forms

No public comparison lists found.

Timing & Intake
AnytimeWith food
Taking this botanical with food is often recommended to support absorption and minimize the possibility of gastrointestinal upset. Consistent daily use is typically suggested for optimal results.
Optimal Dosage
Minimum120 mg
Maximum240 mg
Safety & Toxicity
4 safety notes
  • Individuals with bleeding disorders, those taking blood-thinning medications, or those scheduled for surgery should avoid Ginkgo due to its potential to increase bleeding risk.
  • Use with caution in individuals prone to seizures, as Ginkgo may lower the seizure threshold in some cases.
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare professional before using Ginkgo.
  • Discontinue use and consult a doctor if severe side effects occur.
Goals
Cognitive Support
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:120–240 mg
Ginkgo biloba is one of the most studied herbs for cognitive health. Its primary mechanism is enhancing circulation in the brain, which has shown the most significant benefits for memory and attention in older adults experiencing age-related cognitive decline.

Study evidence

87 studies

Ginkgo extracts may provide modest cognitive and daily-function benefits in some people with dementia, but findings are inconsistent. The available research offers little support for mild cognitive impairment or reliable enhancement in healthy people, and it does not establish prevention of dementia.

View goal
Mental Focus
Impact
Moderate effect
Typical dose:120–240 mg
Ginkgo biloba has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is well-studied for its ability to increase circulation within the brain. This can lead to modest but noticeable improvements in mental sharpness and processing speed, especially in older adults.

Study evidence

28 studies

Ginkgo has not shown a reliable mental-focus benefit in healthy adults. Some trials report improvements on specific attention tasks, but pooled evidence is largely negative; findings in people with cognitive impairment or from combination products do not establish everyday focus enhancement.

View goal
Brain Health
Impact
Situational effect
Typical dose:120–240 mg
Ginkgo biloba extract is known to increase circulation, which can be particularly beneficial for cognitive function in older adults. By improving blood flow, it may support memory and processing speed, though its effects in young, healthy individuals are less pronounced.

Study evidence

90 studies

Ginkgo extracts may modestly improve cognition and daily functioning in some people with dementia, but findings are inconsistent. The available research does not show a reliable cognitive boost in healthy people or establish prevention of dementia, and benefits cannot be assumed for all Ginkgo products.

View goal
Productivity Boost
Impact
Situational effect
Typical dose:120–240 mg
Ginkgo Biloba is a well-researched botanical known to enhance circulation to the brain. This action supports short-term memory, processing speed, and executive function, making it a useful tool for tasks requiring sharp cognitive performance and focus.

Study evidence

23 studies

Ginkgo has not been shown to reliably boost everyday productivity in healthy people. Some research reports improvements in selected memory or attention tasks, but results are inconsistent, and benefits seen in dementia cannot be assumed to improve work or study performance.

View goal
Productivity Boost
Impact
Situational effect
Typical dose:120–240 mg
Ginkgo Biloba is a well-researched botanical known to enhance circulation to the brain. This action supports short-term memory, processing speed, and executive function, making it a useful tool for tasks requiring sharp cognitive performance and focus.

Study evidence

23 studies

Ginkgo has not been shown to reliably boost everyday productivity in healthy people. Some research reports improvements in selected memory or attention tasks, but results are inconsistent, and benefits seen in dementia cannot be assumed to improve work or study performance.

View goal
Vision Support
Impact
Situational effect
Typical dose:120–240 mg
Ginkgo biloba is known for its ability to enhance microcirculation. This effect may extend to the small blood vessels of the eye, improving blood flow to the optic nerve and retina. This makes it a situationally useful supplement for conditions where vascular health is a concern, such as normal-tension glaucoma.

Study evidence

11 studies

Ginkgo has shown preliminary benefits for some vision measures in people with specific eye conditions, including glaucoma and macular degeneration. The evidence remains limited and does not establish that it prevents progressive vision loss or improves eyesight in otherwise healthy people.

View goal

Studies

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Interactions
Sources

Up to five highest-ranked published examples per goal. Study counts and charts include all published studies for the connection.

  1. Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with behavioural and psychological symptoms: A systematic review.
    von Gunten A; Schlaefke S; Überla K · The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2017
    Meta-analysis1,628 participants4 studies pooledBrain HealthCognitive Support
  2. Efficacy of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a predefined exploratory analysis of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
    Tian X; Xu Q; Xia X; Zhang Y; Meng X; Wang A · Journal of neurology · 2024
    Randomized trial3,163 participantsCognitive Support
  3. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group.
    Le Bars PL; Katz MM; Berman N; Itil TM; Freedman AM; Schatzberg AF · JAMA · 1997
    Randomized trial309 participantsCognitive SupportProductivity Boost
  4. Alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Findings from a randomized controlled trial.
    Bachinskaya N; Hoerr R; Ihl R · Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2011
    Randomized trial410 participantsCognitive Support
  5. Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomized controlled trial.
    Ihl R; Bachinskaya N; Korczyn AD; Vakhapova V; Tribanek M; Hoerr R; Napryeyenko O; GOTADAY Study Group · International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2013
    Randomized trial410 participantsCognitive Support
  6. Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 in the Treatment of Patients with Mild Neurocognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.
    Hort J; Duning T; Hoerr R · Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023
    Systematic review946 participants9 studies pooledMental Focus
  7. Proof of efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia.
    Kanowski S; Herrmann WM; Stephan K; Wierich W; Hörr R · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 2012
    Randomized trial216 participantsMental Focus
  8. Proof of efficacy of the ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia.
    Kanowski S; Herrmann WM; Stephan K; Wierich W; Hörr R · Pharmacopsychiatry · 1996
    Randomized trial216 participantsMental Focus
  9. Ginkgo biloba extract improved cognitive and neurological functions of acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial.
    Li S; Zhang X; Fang Q; Zhou J; Zhang M; Wang H; Chen Y; Xu B; Wu Y; Qian L; Xu Y · Stroke and vascular neurology · 2021
    Randomized trial348 participantsMental Focus
  10. Ginkgo biloba in the Aging Process: A Narrative Review.
    Barbalho SM; Direito R; Laurindo LF; Marton LT; Guiguer EL; Goulart RA; Tofano RJ; Carvalho ACA; Flato UAP; Capelluppi Tofano VA; Detregiachi CRP; Bueno PCS; Girio RSJ; Araújo AC · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Narrative review14 studies pooledMental Focus
  11. Efficacy and adverse effects of ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Tan MS; Yu JT; Tan CC; Wang HF; Meng XF; Wang C; Jiang T; Zhu XC; Tan L · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2015
    Meta-analysis2,561 participants9 studies pooledBrain Health
  12. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 is safe and effective in the treatment of mild dementia - a meta-analysis of patient subgroups in randomised controlled trials.
    Riepe M; Hoerr R; Schlaefke S · The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2025
    Meta-analysis782 participants4 studies pooledBrain HealthProductivity Boost
  13. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® improves cognition and overall condition after ischemic stroke: Results from a pilot randomized trial.
    Cui M; You T; Zhao Y; Liu R; Guan Y; Liu J; Liu X; Wang X; Dong Q · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023
    Randomized trial201 participantsBrain HealthProductivity Boost
  14. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 240 mg.
    Herrschaft H; Nacu A; Likhachev S; Sholomov I; Hoerr R; Schlaefke S · Journal of psychiatric research · 2012
    Randomized trial410 participantsBrain Health
  15. Dietary Flavonoids and Human Cognition: A Meta-Analysis.
    Cheng N; Bell L; Lamport DJ; Williams CM · Molecular nutrition & food research · 2022
    Meta-analysis5,519 participants80 studies pooledProductivity Boost
  16. Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in mild cognitive impairment with neuropsychiatric symptoms: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-center trial.
    Gavrilova SI; Preuss UW; Wong JW; Hoerr R; Kaschel R; Bachinskaya N; GIMCIPlus Study Group · International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2015
    Randomized trial160 participantsProductivity Boost
  17. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts in the prevention of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery: A randomized clinical trial.
    Amiri AA; Jafari R; Amiri AA; Rad HA; Daneshvar F; Charati JY; Amiri AA · Oman journal of ophthalmology · 2025
    Randomized trial144 participantsVision Support
  18. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on preexisting visual field damage in normal tension glaucoma.
    Quaranta L; Bettelli S; Uva MG; Semeraro F; Turano R; Gandolfo E · Ophthalmology · 2003
    Randomized trial27 participantsVision Support
  19. [Ginkgo extract in impaired vision--treatment with special extract EGb 761 of impaired vision due to dry senile macular degeneration].
    Fies P; Dienel A · Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2002
    Randomized trial99 participantsVision Support
  20. Short-term effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on peripapillary retinal blood flow in normal tension glaucoma.
    Park JW; Kwon HJ; Chung WS; Kim CY; Seong GJ · Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2012
    Randomized trial30 participantsVision Support
  21. [The course of color vision in early diabetic retinopathy treated with Ginkgo biloba extract. A preliminary double-blind versus placebo study].
    Lanthony P; Cosson JP · Journal francais d'ophtalmologie · 1989
    Randomized trial29 participantsVision Support