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PreNatal with Folic Acid

21st Century
4.8
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(8393 ratings)
Iron 28 mg
Zinc 25 mg
Product Image
Score81
Strong folate and iron coverage makes this useful for prenatal needs, though basic mineral forms and the absence of disclosed iodine limit completeness.
How scoring works
Quantity:60 Tablet(s) • (60 servings)
Goals:
General Health
Energy
Immunity
Hair Health
Productivity Boost

Score 81

Strong folate and iron coverage makes this useful for prenatal needs, though basic mineral forms and the absence of disclosed iodine limit completeness.
How scoring works
$4.63($0.07 per serving)
Amazon
$ 11.46
Walmart
$ 10.44
iHerb
$ 7.99
Pure Formulas
$ 4.63
Report prices

Analysis

A high folate amount combines with 28 mg of iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, vitamin C, and zinc for core prenatal coverage. Beta-carotene supplies vitamin A without relying on preformed retinol in the supplied label.

Calcium carbonate and zinc oxide are basic forms, and several minerals compete for absorption in the same tablet. The formula also omits some nutrients often considered alongside prenatal nutrition, such as iodine in the supplied data.

People seeking a simple prenatal with substantial folate and iron are the clearest audience. Individual needs during pregnancy vary, so the formula should be checked against diet and professional prenatal guidance.

Who is it for
  • People advised to use a prenatal with iron
  • Users seeking high folate in one tablet
  • Those who prefer beta-carotene as the vitamin A source
Best for
  • Prenatal folate coverage
  • Iron support during pregnancy
  • Core vitamin and zinc supplementation

Pros

  • Provides substantial folate and iron
  • Includes vitamin D3 and vitamin B12
  • Uses beta-carotene for vitamin A

Cons

  • No iodine is shown in the supplied formula
  • Zinc and calcium use basic forms
  • One-tablet mineral combination may limit absorption

Warnings

  • The 28 mg iron amount can cause constipation, nausea, or dark stools and should be kept away from children because accidental overdose is dangerous.
  • Iron and calcium can reduce absorption of levothyroxine and certain antibiotics, so those medicines require separated dosing.
  • The 25 mg zinc amount should not be combined routinely with other high-zinc supplements during prolonged use.

Nutrient quality

82 Highest impact

Basic, unspecified, or hidden forms limit ingredient quality. The core selection remains reasonably aligned with its purpose.

.

Ingredient transparency

80 Highest impact

Most active amounts are clearly disclosed. Missing directions and inactive ingredients keep the label information incomplete.

.

Customer satisfaction

71 High impact

The supplied average is strong and rests on a large review count. No review text was provided to assess recurring complaints or firsthand experiences.

.

Value for money

91 Highest impact

Serving efficiency is excellent for the disclosed formula. A focused active profile supports value.

.
Report analysis

Goals

General Health
General Health
Impact
Highest effect
A Goal FitB Strength of SupportA- CoverageA+ Formula Quality
Folate · 1334 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 8 mcgVitamin D · 10 mcgZinc · 25 mgVitamin C · 120 mg

The prenatal formula covers many foundational vitamin and mineral needs with particular emphasis on folate and iron. Its breadth is appropriate for pregnancy-related nutritional demands rather than universal daily use.

Several forms are conventional and less bioavailable, including zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, cyanocobalamin, and synthetic vitamin E. The iron amount may cause constipation or nausea, so people without increased iron needs should not treat the formula as a general multivitamin by default.

Study evidence
Folate Supportive 80 studies
Zinc Supportive 60 studies
Energy
Energy
Impact
Highest effect
A- Goal FitB- Strength of SupportB+ CoverageB+ Formula Quality
Vitamin D · 10 mcgRiboflavin · 1.7 mgThiamin · 1.8 mgVitamin B12 · 8 mcgIron · 28 mg

Iron, folate, vitamin C, and B vitamins support red blood cell production and energy metabolism during pregnancy. The 28 mg iron amount is meaningful and clearly disclosed.

Ferrous fumarate may cause more digestive discomfort than a chelated form, and 25 mg zinc may compete with iron absorption. The absence of iodine also leaves thyroid-related energy support incomplete for a prenatal formula.

Study evidence
Iron Supportive 74 studies
Immunity
Immunity
Impact
High effect
B Goal FitC+ Strength of SupportB CoverageB+ Formula Quality
Vitamin C · 120 mgZinc · 25 mgVitamin A · 1200 mcgVitamin D · 10 mcg

Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D3, and zinc provide meaningful maintenance support across several immune pathways. The zinc amount is substantial and the active amounts are easy to assess.

Zinc oxide is less absorbable than better organic salts, and the formula is primarily intended for prenatal nutrition rather than acute immune use. Its broad nutrient base remains useful when pregnancy-specific supplementation is appropriate.

Study evidence
Vitamin A Supportive 107 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 85 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Hair Health
Hair Health
Impact
High effect
B+ Goal FitB- Strength of SupportC+ CoverageB- Formula Quality
Vitamin D · 10 mcgZinc · 25 mgIron · 28 mgVitamin C · 120 mg

Iron, zinc, folate, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 provide meaningful support for deficiency-related shedding and follicle cell growth. The prenatal design supplies robust blood-forming nutrients but does not include biotin or structural proteins.

Vitamin C, folate, and B12 support iron use, while zinc and calcium in the same tablet may compete with absorption. The 28 mg iron and 25 mg zinc amounts are intended for prenatal needs and may cause digestive effects or be unnecessary for users outside that setting.

Study evidence
Folate Mixed 15 studies
Iron Disputed 25 studies
Vitamin C Mixed 5 studies
Vitamin D Disputed 34 studies
Zinc Supportive 22 studies
Productivity Boost
Productivity Boost
Impact
High effect
C+ Goal FitB+ Strength of SupportC CoverageD Formula Quality
Iron · 28 mgVitamin B12 · 8 mcgVitamin B12 · 8 mcgVitamin B6 · 2.6 mgZinc · 25 mg

Iron, zinc, and B vitamins provide useful nutritional support for energy and attention when an intake gap is present. The formula is foundational rather than a direct focus aid.

Iron and zinc amounts are substantial, but ferrous fumarate and zinc oxide are not premium forms. The 28 mg iron amount may cause constipation or stomach upset, especially when iron is not needed.

Study evidence
Iron Supportive 69 studies
Zinc Supportive 11 studies
Skin Health
Skin Health
Impact
Moderate effect
C- Goal FitC Strength of SupportC+ CoverageD+ Formula Quality
Zinc · 25 mgVitamin C · 120 mgVitamin E · 13.5 mg

Zinc, vitamin C, beta-carotene, and vitamin E support repair and antioxidant defenses, but the prenatal formula is not designed primarily for skin. It lacks collagen, ceramides, hyaluronic acid, or another direct structural or hydration active.

Zinc is meaningfully dosed but uses poorly absorbed oxide, and many other nutrients serve pregnancy needs rather than skin. The 28 mg iron amount may cause digestive upset and is unsuitable for people who do not need prenatal-level iron.

Study evidence
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 38 studies
Zinc Supportive 66 studies
Testosterone Support
Testosterone Support
Impact
Moderate effect
B- Goal FitD Strength of SupportD- CoverageF Formula Quality
Zinc · 25 mgVitamin D · 10 mcg

Zinc and vitamin D3 provide some foundational endocrine relevance. Zinc is substantial, but its oxide form and the modest vitamin D3 amount limit the contribution.

The formula is designed for prenatal nutrition and includes a large iron amount. That focus makes it poorly suited to targeted testosterone support.

Study evidence
Vitamin D Supportive 56 studies
Zinc Disputed 7 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
 1200 mcg
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
 120 mg
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
 10 mcg
Vitamin E (DL-Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate)
 13.5 mg
Thiamine (Thiamine Mononitrate)
 1.8 mg
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
 1.7 mg
Niacin (Niacinamide)
 20 mg
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)
 2.6 mg
Folate
1334 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
 8 mcg
Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)
 200 mg
Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)
 28 mg
Zinc (Zinc Oxide)
 25 mg
Gluten Free Pregnant Women 18–50
Report overview
Iron (Ferrous Fumarate) · 28 mg OverallScore74
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value

Ferrous fumarate supplies a useful iron dose, though it may be less gentle than premium chelated forms. Vitamin C, folate, and vitamin B12 support iron use and red blood cell production, but zinc in the same tablet may reduce absorption. The single-tablet serving is convenient and offers very strong value.

View ingredientView products
Zinc (Zinc Oxide) · 25 mg OverallScore69
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value

The 25 mg zinc serving provides a robust daily amount within the usual upper limit. Zinc oxide limits absorption quality compared with premium chelates or organic salts. Other active ingredients broaden the formula, but they do not resolve zinc-form limitations.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
88 Performance

Gentle Iron 28 mg

Nature's Bounty
Ferrous bisglycinate with vitamin C, folate, and vitamin B12 provides a more absorption-friendly iron-centered formula than ferrous fumarate. Zinc, vitamin D, and broad prenatal coverage are absent, so it fits a confirmed iron need rather than replacing a prenatal multi.
86 Performance

L-OptiZinc 30 mg

NOW
Zinc monomethionine offers stronger absorption potential than the original zinc oxide. A small copper addition helps balance the substantial zinc amount, but folate, iron, and the rest of the prenatal base are missing.
89 Performance

Chelated Iron 27 mg

Carlson
Iron bisglycinate provides a well-absorbed, generally gentle amount close to the original iron dose. The single-active formula lacks vitamin C, folate, zinc, and other prenatal nutrients, making it useful only when iron is the specific priority.
78 Budget

Prenatal Multivitamin/Multimineral with Folate

Spring Valley
Folate, iron, iodine, zinc, and core vitamins preserve prenatal coverage at a lower serving cost. Most forms are basic or unspecified and iron may still cause digestive discomfort, but iodine adds a nutrient missing from the original supplied formula.
89 Budget

Iron 18 mg

NOW
Iron bisglycinate offers a gentler, more clearly identified form at lower cost than the prenatal tablet's ferrous fumarate. The focused capsule omits folate, zinc, vitamin D, and all other prenatal nutrients, so it only replaces the iron component.
84 Budget

Zinc Gluconate 30 mg

Swanson
A focused zinc tablet supplies a substantial amount at much lower cost. Folate, iron, vitamin D, and other prenatal nutrients are absent, while prolonged use without copper may impair mineral balance.
86 Value

Albion Chelated Ferrochel Iron 18 mg

Swanson Ultra
A branded chelated iron form provides strong absorption quality and excellent serving value. The lower amount may suit maintenance better than a full prenatal dose, but zinc, folate, vitamin D, and other prenatal nutrients are omitted.
85 Value

Zinc 30 mg

Nature Made
Zinc gluconate offers targeted mineral support at very low cost and avoids the original oxide form. The substantial amount lacks copper, while the formula provides none of the original iron, folate, or broad prenatal vitamins.
84 Value

Chewable Zinc plus Vitamins C & B-6 Cherry Flavor

21st Century
A maintenance zinc amount with vitamin C and vitamin B6 offers useful immune-oriented value and a less aggressive zinc profile. Duplicate vitamin C entries reduce clarity, and iron, folate, vitamin D, and most prenatal nutrients are absent.
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Large-dose intravenous ferric carboxymaltose injection for iron deficiency anemia in heavy uterine bleeding: a randomized, controlled trial.
    Van Wyck DB; Mangione A; Morrison J; Hadley PE; Jehle JA; Goodnough LT · Transfusion · 2010
    Randomized trial477 participantsEnergy forIron
  2. The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in Iron-Deficient Blood Donors: A Secondary Analysis of the IronWoMan RCT.
    Macher S; Herster C; Holter M; Moritz M; Matzhold EM; Stojakovic T; Pieber TR; Schlenke P; Drexler C; Amrein K · Nutrients · 2021
    Randomized trial176 participantsEnergy forIron
  3. Ferric carboxymaltose vs. oral iron in the treatment of pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia: an international, open-label, randomized controlled trial (FER-ASAP).
    Breymann C; Milman N; Mezzacasa A; Bernard R; Dudenhausen J; FER-ASAP investigators · Journal of perinatal medicine · 2018
    Randomized trial252 participantsEnergy forIron
  4. Effect of iron therapy on fatigue symptoms in non-anaemic iron deficient women of reproductive age- A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Sultana N; Bajwa FA; Sikandar MZ; Haider MM; Majeed T · JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association · 2026
    Randomized trial164 participantsEnergy forIron
  5. Intravenous iron isomaltoside treatment of women suffering from severe fatigue after postpartum hemorrhage.
    Holm C; Thomsen LL; Langhoff-Roos J · The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2019
    Randomized trial85 participantsEnergy forIron
  6. Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A National Population-Based Cohort.
    Bo Y; Xu H; Zhang H; Zhang J; Wan Z; Zhao X; Yu Z · Nutrients · 2022
    Cohort study55,569 participantsGeneral Health forFolate
  7. The responsiveness of plasma homocysteine to small increases in dietary folic acid: a primary care study.
    Schorah CJ; Devitt H; Lucock M; Dowell AC · European journal of clinical nutrition · 1998
    Randomized trial119 participantsGeneral Health forFolate
  8. Associations of Serum Folate and Homocysteine Concentrations with All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality in Men and Women in Korea: the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study.
    Song S; Song BM; Park HY · The Journal of nutrition · 2023
    Cohort study21,260 participantsGeneral Health forFolate
  9. The concept of folic acid supplementation and its role in prevention of neural tube defect among pregnant women: PRISMA.
    Seyoum Tola F · Medicine · 2024
    Systematic reviewGeneral Health forFolate
  10. Systematic review of adverse health outcomes associated with high serum or red blood cell folate concentrations.
    Colapinto CK; O'Connor DL; Sampson M; Williams B; Tremblay MS · Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2017
    Systematic review71,847 participants46 studies pooledGeneral Health forFolate
  11. Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes in the treatment of oral mucositis and quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy.
    Mohammadi F; Oshvandi K; Kamallan SR; Khazaei S; Ranjbar H; Ahmadi-Motamayel F; Gillespie M; Jenabi E; Vafaei SY · Nursing open · 2022
    Randomized trial144 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  12. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Bhan MK; Bhandari N; Sinha A; Jalla S · The New England journal of medicine · 1995
    Randomized trial937 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  13. Associations of mortality with ocular disorders and an intervention of high-dose antioxidants and zinc in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 13.
    Clemons TE; Kurinij N; Sperduto RD; AREDS Research Group · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2004
    Randomized trial4,753 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  14. Effects of zinc and probiotic co-supplementation on inflammation, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and mood in irritable bowel syndrome patients.
    Rezazadegan M; Soheilipour M; Amani R · Scientific reports · 2026
    Randomized trial84 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  15. Effect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trial.
    Siahbazi S; Behboudi-Gandevani S; Moghaddam-Banaem L; Montazeri A · The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2018
    Randomized trial142 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  16. Hair Loss After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
    Zhang W; Fan M; Wang C; Mahawar K; Parmar C; Chen W; Yang W; Global Bariatric Research Collaborative · Obesity surgery · 2021
    Meta-analysis2,538 participants18 studies pooledHair Health forFolate
  17. Quantitative Analysis of Selected Circulating Hematological Biomarkers, Essential Minerals, Vitamins, and Thyroid Hormones in Females Affected by Hair Loss.
    Al-Fawaeir S; Al-Odat I · Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Case-control study200 participantsHair Health forFolate
  18. Twelve weeks of protracted venous infusion of fluorouracil (5-FU) is as effective as 6 months of bolus 5-FU and folinic acid as adjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer.
    Saini A; Norman AR; Cunningham D; Chau I; Hill M; Tait D; Hickish T; Iveson T; Lofts F; Jodrell D; Ross PJ; Oates J · British journal of cancer · 2003
    Randomized trialHair Health forFolate
  19. Role of oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in the first- and second-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
    Jonker D; Rumble RB; Maroun J; Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Site Groupof Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence-Based Care · Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2012
    Randomized trialHair Health forFolate
  20. Phase I-II study of vinorelbine in combination with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer: a regimen with a low subjective toxic burden.
    Nolè F; de Braud F; Aapro M; Minchella I; De Pas TM; Zampino MG; Monti S; Andreoni G; Goldhirsch A · Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 1997
    Randomized trialHair Health forFolate
  21. The Association Between Alopecia Areata and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Large-Scale Population-Based Case-Control Study.
    Davidovici B; Drutin Y; Ben-Tov A; Mimouni D; Wohl Y · Journal of personalized medicine · 2026
    Case-control study100,203 participantsHair Health forIron
  22. Iron Deficiency and Nonscarring Alopecia in Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Treister-Goltzman Y; Yarza S; Peleg R · Skin appendage disorders · 2022
    Meta-analysis10,029 participants36 studies pooledHair Health forIron
  23. Comparative Analysis of Postoperative Hair Loss and Micronutrient Deficiencies After One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy.
    Chinisaz F; Maleki T; Najjari K; Miratashi Yazdi SA · Obesity surgery · 2026
    Cohort study261 participantsHair Health forIron
  24. Assessment of Serum Ferritin Levels in Female Patients With Telogen Effluvium.
    Thamotharan N; Harikumar MV; Sundaram M; Swaminathan A; Rangarajan S · Cureus · 2026
    Cross-sectional study100 participantsHair Health forIron
  25. Diagnosis and treatment of female alopecia: Focusing on the iron deficiency-related alopecia.
    Lin CS; Chan LY; Wang JH; Chang CH · Tzu chi medical journal · 2023
    Cohort study155 participantsHair Health forIron
  26. Management of hair loss associated with endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer: an overview.
    Karatas F; Sahin S; Sever AR; Altundag K · SpringerPlus · 2016
    Narrative reviewHair Health forVitamin C
  27. Elucidating causal relationships of diet-derived circulating antioxidants and the risk of non-scarring alopecia: A Mendelian randomization study.
    Ba Y; Shen L; Peng X; Zhang Y; Wang J · Medicine · 2024
    Methods validation study201,019 participantsHair Health forVitamin C
  28. Alterations of plasma antioxidants and mitochondrial DNA mutation in hair follicles of smokers.
    Liu CS; Chen HW; Lii CK; Tsai CS; Kuo CL; Wei YH · Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2002
    Observational studyHair Health forVitamin C
  29. Removal of synthetic hair dye using formamidine sulfinic acid and other sulfinate precursors.
    Hawkes JA; Lewis DM; Mama J; Murray J · International journal of cosmetic science · 2026
    Methods validation studyHair Health forVitamin C
  30. A Zinc Sulphate-Resistant Acrodermatitis Enteropathica Patient with a Novel Mutation in SLC39A4 Gene.
    Kilic M; Taskesen M; Coskun T; Gürakan F; Tokatli A; Sivri HS; Dursun A; Schmitt S; Küry S · JIMD reports · 2013
    Case reportHair Health forVitamin C
  31. Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Lee S; Kim BJ; Lee CH; Lee WS · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2018
    Meta-analysis2,039 participants14 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  32. Intralesional vitamin D3 in treatment of alopecia areata: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
    Rashad AF; Elgamal E; Fouda I · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  33. Vitamin D and its Analogs in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Alopecia Areata: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Alsaati AA; Kaliyadan F; Alsaadoun D; Alzakry LM; Alzabadin RA; Hakami TH; Rubaian NFB · Indian dermatology online journal · 2025
    Meta-analysisHair Health forVitamin D
  34. Topical calcipotriol vs narrowband ultraviolet B in treatment of alopecia areata: a randomized-controlled trial.
    El Taieb MA; Hegazy EM; Ibrahim HM; Osman AB; Abualhamd M · Archives of dermatological research · 2020
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  35. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D in non-scarring alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Chen Y; Dong X; Wang Y; Li Y; Xiong L; Li L · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024
    Meta-analysis10,670 participants23 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  36. The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial.
    Berger RS; Fu JL; Smiles KA; Turner CB; Schnell BM; Werchowski KM; Lammers KM · The British journal of dermatology · 2003
    Randomized trial200 participantsHair Health forZinc
  37. Incubatory environment of the scalp impacts pre-emergent hair to affect post-emergent hair cuticle integrity.
    Schwartz JR; Henry JP; Kerr KM; Flagler MJ; Page SH; Redman-Furey N · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2018
    Randomized trialHair Health forZinc
  38. A comparison of hair quality and cosmetic acceptance following the use of two anti-dandruff shampoos.
    Draelos ZD; Kenneally DC; Hodges LT; Billhimer W; Copas M; Margraf C · The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings · 2006
    Randomized trial40 participantsHair Health forZinc
  39. BMI and levels of zinc, copper in hair, serum and urine of Turkish male patients with androgenetic alopecia.
    Ozturk P; Kurutas E; Ataseven A; Dokur N; Gumusalan Y; Gorur A; Tamer L; Inaloz S · Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2015
    Case-control study216 participantsHair Health forZinc
  40. Analysis of serum zinc and copper concentrations in hair loss.
    Kil MS; Kim CW; Kim SS · Annals of dermatology · 2013
    Case-control study342 participantsHair Health forZinc
  41. Depressed immune response to tetanus in children with vitamin A deficiency.
    Semba RD; Muhilal; Scott AL; Natadisastra G; Wirasasmita S; Mele L; Ridwan E; West KP; Sommer A · The Journal of nutrition · 1992
    Randomized trial236 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  42. Impact of a single megadose of vitamin A at delivery on breastmilk of mothers and morbidity of their infants.
    Roy SK; Islam A; Molla A; Akramuzzaman SM; Jahan F; Fuchs G · European journal of clinical nutrition · 1997
    Randomized trial50 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  43. Vitamin A supplementation reduces measles morbidity in young African children: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
    Coutsoudis A; Broughton M; Coovadia HM · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1991
    Randomized trial60 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  44. Vitamin A supplementation enhances specific IgG antibody levels and total lymphocyte numbers while improving morbidity in measles.
    Coutsoudis A; Kiepiela P; Coovadia HM; Broughton M · The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 1992
    Randomized trial60 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  45. Vitamin A supplementation reduces the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 intestinal immune response of Mexican children.
    Long KZ; Santos JI; Estrada Garcia T; Haas M; Firestone M; Bhagwat J; Dupont HL; Hertzmark E; Rosado JL; Nanthakumar NN · The Journal of nutrition · 2006
    Randomized trial127 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  46. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusImmunity forVitamin C
  47. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
    Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  48. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
    Meta-analysisImmunity forVitamin C
  49. New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
    Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
    Randomized trial20 participantsImmunity forVitamin C
  50. Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
    Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  51. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis.
    Martineau AR; Jolliffe DA; Greenberg L; Aloia JF; Bergman P; Dubnov-Raz G; Esposito S; Ganmaa D; Ginde AA; Goodall EC; Grant CC; Janssens W; Jensen ME; Kerley CP; Laaksi I; Manaseki-Holland S; Mauger D; Murdoch DR; Neale R; Rees JR; Simpson S; Stelmach I; Trilok Kumar G; Urashima M; Camargo CA; Griffiths CJ; Hooper RL · Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020
    Meta-analysis11,321 participants25 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  52. Association Between Vitamin D and Influenza: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Zhu Z; Zhu X; Gu L; Zhan Y; Chen L; Li X · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Meta-analysis4,859 participants10 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  53. Vitamin D3 and deconvoluting a rash.
    Ernst MK; Evans ST; Techner JM; Rothbaum RM; Christensen LF; Onay UV; Biyashev D; Demczuk MM; Nguyen CV; Honda KS; McCormick TS; Tsoi LC; Gudjonsson JE; Cooper KD; Lu KQ · JCI insight · 2023
    Randomized trial28 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  54. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
    Bychinin MV; Klypa TV; Mandel IA; Yusubalieva GM; Baklaushev VP; Kolyshkina NA; Troitsky AV · Scientific reports · 2022
    Randomized trial110 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  55. Current opinion on the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory infections and asthma/COPD exacerbations: A need to establish publication guidelines for overcoming the unpublished data.
    Anitua E; Tierno R; Alkhraisat MH · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022
    Meta-analysis50,554 participants65 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  56. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Vlieg-Boerstra B; de Jong N; Meyer R; Agostoni C; De Cosmi V; Grimshaw K; Milani GP; Muraro A; Oude Elberink H; Pali-Schöll I; Roduit C; Sasaki M; Skypala I; Sokolowska M; van Splunter M; Untersmayr E; Venter C; O'Mahony L; Nwaru BI · Allergy · 2022
    Meta-analysis199,055 participants115 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  57. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Jalla S; Mazumdar S; Sinha A; Bhan MK · Pediatrics · 1998
    Randomized trial609 participantsImmunity forZinc
  58. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children.
    Rerksuppaphol S; Rerksuppaphol L · Pediatric reports · 2020
    Randomized trial64 participantsImmunity forZinc
  59. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population.
    Fortes C; Forastiere F; Agabiti N; Fano V; Pacifici R; Virgili F; Piras G; Guidi L; Bartoloni C; Tricerri A; Zuccaro P; Ebrahim S; Perucci CA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1998
    Randomized trial136 participantsImmunity forZinc
  60. The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.
    Vecchietti A; Strano P; Minutolo G; Grieco V; Cappuccio G; Granvillano G; Confalonieri L; Briganti GL; Raso E; Chimienti M; Pellegrini M; Mercogliano M; Spatari G; Lugli C; Urbano T; Lorenzon A · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  61. Effects of daily iron supplementation in primary-school-aged children: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Low M; Farrell A; Biggs BA; Pasricha SR · CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2014
    Meta-analysis7,089 participants32 studies pooledProductivity Boost forIron
  62. Consumption of Iron-Biofortified Beans Positively Affects Cognitive Performance in 18- to 27-Year-Old Rwandan Female College Students in an 18-Week Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial.
    Murray-Kolb LE; Wenger MJ; Scott SP; Rhoten SE; Lung'aho MG; Haas JD · The Journal of nutrition · 2017
    Randomized trial150 participantsProductivity Boost forIron
  63. Functional consequences of iron supplementation in iron-deficient female cotton mill workers in Beijing, China.
    Li R; Chen X; Yan H; Deurenberg P; Garby L; Hautvast JG · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1994
    Randomized trial80 participantsProductivity Boost forIron
  64. The Effect of Iron-Fortified Lentils on Blood and Cognitive Status among Adolescent Girls in Bangladesh.
    Barnett AL; Wenger MJ; Yunus FM; Jalal C; DellaValle DM · Nutrients · 2023
    Randomized trial359 participantsProductivity Boost forIron
  65. Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women.
    Low MS; Speedy J; Styles CE; De-Regil LM; Pasricha SR · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016
    Meta-analysis8,506 participants67 studies pooledProductivity Boost forIron
  66. Zinc supplementation improved cognitive performance and taste acuity in Indian adolescent girls.
    Tupe RP; Chiplonkar SA · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · 2010
    Randomized trial180 participantsProductivity Boost forZinc
  67. Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Meli AM; Ali A; Mhd Jalil AM; Mohd Yusof H; Tan MMC · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022
    Meta-analysisProductivity Boost forZinc
  68. Linkages of biomarkers of zinc with cognitive performance and taste acuity in adolescent girls.
    Chiplonkar SA; Kawade R · International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2015
    Cross-sectional study403 participantsProductivity Boost forZinc
  69. Associations Between Serum Selenium, Zinc, and Copper Levels and Cognitive Function in the Elderly.
    Charernwat P; Chansirikarnjana S; Panpunuan P; Sritara P; Sirivarasai J · Nutrients · 2025
    Cross-sectional study854 participantsProductivity Boost forZinc
  70. Comparative analysis of methyl-donor nutrient intakes and RCPM cognitive performance among school-aged children.
    Apprey C; Asamoah-Boakye O; Annaful VT; Annan RA · Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2022
    Cross-sectional study2,073 participantsProductivity Boost forZinc
  71. Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of an ascorbic acid-loaded dissolving microneedle patch via a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.
    Lee C; Yang H; Kim S; Kim M; Kang H; Kim N; An S; Koh J; Jung H · International journal of cosmetic science · 2017
    Randomized trial23 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  72. Comparative Study on the Outcome of Periorbital Wrinkles Treated with Laser-Assisted Delivery of Vitamin C or Vitamin C Plus Growth Factors: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial.
    Machado BHB; Frame J; Zhang J; Najlah M · Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021
    Randomized trial149 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  73. Randomized trial of topical ascorbic acid in DMSO versus imiquimod for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
    Burke B; Bailie JE · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022
    Randomized trial25 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  74. Vitamin C improves healing of foot ulcers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Gunton JE; Girgis CM; Lau T; Vicaretti M; Begg L; Flood V · The British journal of nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial16 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  75. Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women.
    Cosgrove MC; Franco OH; Granger SP; Murray PG; Mayes AE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2007
    Cross-sectional study4,025 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  76. Randomized controlled trial using vitamins E and D supplementation in atopic dermatitis.
    Javanbakht MH; Keshavarz SA; Djalali M; Siassi F; Eshraghian MR; Firooz A; Seirafi H; Ehsani AH; Chamari M; Mirshafiey A · The Journal of dermatological treatment · 2011
    Randomized trial45 participantsSkin Health forVitamin E
  77. Serum vitamin E levels and chronic inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Liu X; Yang G; Luo M; Lan Q; Shi X; Deng H; Wang N; Xu X; Zhang C · PloS one · 2022
    Meta-analysis20 studies pooledSkin Health forVitamin E
  78. Evidence-Based Nutritional Interventions in Wound Care.
    Saeg F; Orazi R; Bowers GM; Janis JE · Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2021
    Systematic review2,339 participants36 studies pooledSkin Health forVitamin E Skin Health forZinc
  79. Effects of tocotrienol on aging skin: A systematic review.
    Ghazali NI; Mohd Rais RZ; Makpol S; Chin KY; Yap WN; Goon JA · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022
    Systematic reviewSkin Health forVitamin E
  80. Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light-induced erythema in humans.
    Stahl W; Heinrich U; Jungmann H; Sies H; Tronnier H · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2000
    Randomized trialSkin Health forVitamin E
  81. Sex-related differences in response to zinc pyrithione shampoo vs. non-anti-dandruff shampoo.
    Collins LZ; Baines FL; Matheson JR; Turner GA; Diao Y; Li Y; Pi Y · International journal of cosmetic science · 2019
    Meta-analysis2,088 participants20 studies pooledSkin Health forZinc
  82. Maintenance of an Acidic Skin Surface with a Novel Zinc Lactobionate Emollient Preparation Improves Skin Barrier Function in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.
    Andrew PV; Pinnock A; Poyner A; Brown K; Chittock J; Kay LJ; Cork MJ; Danby SG · Dermatology and therapy · 2024
    Cohort study23 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  83. Spatial expression of metallothionein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and Ki-67 in human epidermal wounds treated with zinc and determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry: A randomised double-blind trial.
    Ågren MS; Chafranska L; Eriksen JO; Forman JL; Bjerrum MJ; Schjerling P; Larsen HF; Cottarelli E; Jorgensen LN; Gjerdrum LMR · European journal of cell biology · 2021
    Randomized trial30 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  84. A pilot trial using topical regular crystalline insulin vs. aqueous zinc solution for uncomplicated cutaneous wound healing: Impact on quality of life.
    Attia EA; Belal DM; El Samahy MH; El Hamamsy MH · Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2014
    Randomized trial90 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  85. Effect of Two Different Doses of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Insulin-Resistant Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
    Jamilian M; Foroozanfard F; Rahmani E; Talebi M; Bahmani F; Asemi Z · Nutrients · 2018
    Randomized trial90 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  86. Androgens and hirsutism score of overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome improved after vitamin D treatment: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.
    Al-Bayyari N; Al-Domi H; Zayed F; Hailat R; Eaton A · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2021
    Randomized trial60 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  87. Association between plasma 25-OH vitamin D and testosterone levels in men.
    Nimptsch K; Platz EA; Willett WC; Giovannucci E · Clinical endocrinology · 2012
    Case-control study1,362 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  88. Causal Link Between Vitamin D and Total Testosterone in Men: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
    Chen C; Zhai H; Cheng J; Weng P; Chen Y; Li Q; Wang C; Xia F; Wang N; Lu Y · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020
    Other4,254 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  89. Associations of vitamin D status and vitamin D-related polymorphisms with sex hormones in older men.
    Rafiq R; van Schoor NM; Sohl E; Zillikens MC; Oosterwerff MM; Schaap L; Lips P; de Jongh RT · The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2017
    Cohort study643 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  90. Environmental exposure to metals and male reproductive hormones: circulating testosterone is inversely associated with blood molybdenum.
    Meeker JD; Rossano MG; Protas B; Padmanahban V; Diamond MP; Puscheck E; Daly D; Paneth N; Wirth JJ · Fertility and sterility · 2010
    Cross-sectional study219 participantsTestosterone Support forZinc
  91. Nonpharmacological Interventions for the Management of Testosterone and Sperm Parameters: A Scoping Review.
    Santos HO; Cadegiani FA; Forbes SC · Clinical therapeutics · 2022
    Scoping reviewTestosterone Support forZinc
  92. Zinc is an Essential Element for Male Fertility: A Review of Zn Roles in Men's Health, Germination, Sperm Quality, and Fertilization.
    Fallah A; Mohammad-Hasani A; Colagar AH · Journal of reproduction & infertility · 2020
    Narrative reviewTestosterone Support forZinc
  93. Clinical, endocrinological and biochemical effects of zinc deficiency.
    Prasad AS · Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism · 1986
    Narrative reviewTestosterone Support forZinc
  94. Clinical, endocrinologic, and biochemical effects of zinc deficiency.
    Prasad AS · Special topics in endocrinology and metabolism · 1986
    Narrative reviewTestosterone Support forZinc