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Airborne Original Zesty Orange

4.7
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(1702 ratings)
Sodium 230 mg
Manganese 3 mg
Vitamin C 1000 mg
Product Image
Score62
A convenient broad nutrient drink with solid vitamin C coverage, but transparency and mineral quality are mixed.
How scoring works
Tablet
Quantity:30 Tablet(s) • (30 servings)
Goals:
General Health
Immunity
Skin Health

Score 62

A convenient broad nutrient drink with solid vitamin C coverage, but transparency and mineral quality are mixed.
How scoring works

Also available as

1 option
20 servings C 1000 mg, Sodium 230 mg +1 more • 20 Tablet(s) • 20 servings $14.47 ($0.72 per serving)
$18.74($0.62 per serving)
Vitacost
$ 21.19
Walmart
$ 18.74
Vitacost
$ 21.19
iHerb
$ 20.51
Report prices

Analysis

A 1,000 mg vitamin C serving is joined by vitamins A and E, riboflavin, zinc, selenium, and manganese. That gives broader coverage than standalone vitamin C, although magnesium oxide and sulfate are less attractive forms.

The named vitamins and minerals are clearly quantified, while the herbal and amino-acid blends remain opaque. Their combined weights do not show whether any individual component is present in a useful amount.

Bicarbonate salts make the effervescent drink practical and add some buffering. The 230 mg sodium contribution requires attention for sodium-restricted users, and the formula is better suited to general support than targeted joint or vision needs.

Who is it for
  • Adults wanting an effervescent multinutrient product
  • People focused on vitamin C and immune support
  • Users seeking reasonable value in this format
Best for
  • General micronutrient support
  • Vitamin C supplementation
  • Flavored drink convenience

Pros

  • Useful vitamin C amount
  • Several complementary vitamins and minerals
  • Reasonable value for an effervescent product

Cons

  • Undisclosed herbal and amino-acid blends
  • Weaker magnesium forms
  • Limited fit for specialized goals

Warnings

  • The 230 mg sodium contribution may be unsuitable for strict sodium limits
  • The acidic format may cause stomach discomfort
  • Large vitamin C servings can cause loose stools in sensitive users

Nutrient quality

73 High impact

The serving amount is useful, but the disclosed form offers little absorption or tolerance support. The formula remains reasonably focused without obvious excessive dosing.

.

Ingredient transparency

62 Moderate impact

Active amounts and ingredient names are mostly easy to assess. An unspecified blend or support base and missing inactive ingredients limit full label clarity.

.

Customer satisfaction

67 High impact

The aggregate rating is positive supported by substantial review volume. No specific feedback is supplied to confirm recurring complaints or purpose-related experiences.

.

Value for money

46 Lower impact

The format and short supply weaken value relative to simpler vitamin C products. Most of the cost appears directed toward the core active formula.

.
Report analysis

Goals

General Health
General Health
Impact
High effect
A- Goal FitB- Strength of SupportC+ CoverageD Formula Quality
Magnesium · 40 mgSelenium · 15 mcgZinc · 8 mgVitamin C · 1000 mg

Vitamin C is supplied at a useful amount and is joined by several vitamins and minerals that touch immune and antioxidant functions. Ordinary ascorbic acid and poorly absorbed magnesium forms limit the quality of that broad coverage.

Several supporting nutrients are modestly dosed, while the herbal and amino-acid blends hide their individual amounts. The effervescent serving also supplies 230 mg sodium and acidic vitamin C, which may matter for sodium-restricted users or sensitive stomachs.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 114 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 56 studies
Immunity
Immunity
Impact
High effect
B+ Goal FitC+ Strength of SupportB- CoverageC- Formula Quality
Magnesium · 40 mgVitamin C · 1000 mgZinc · 8 mgVitamin A · 600 mcgSelenium · 15 mcg

A substantial vitamin C amount supports antioxidant defenses, while vitamin A, zinc, and selenium add barrier and cellular immune support. The effervescent format may be convenient for people who prefer a drink.

Two proprietary blends conceal their ingredients and doses, while magnesium and selenium are modest. Basic mineral forms and broad label complexity weaken confidence in the full immune contribution.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 8 studies
Selenium Mixed 37 studies
Vitamin A Supportive 107 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Skin Health
Skin Health
Impact
High effect
B- Goal FitB- Strength of SupportC CoverageD Formula Quality
Zinc · 8 mgVitamin C · 1000 mgSelenium · 15 mcgVitamin E · 27 mg

Vitamin C directly supports collagen synthesis, while vitamins A and E and zinc add antioxidant and repair support. Evidence is strongest for vitamin C as a required collagen cofactor, not for the broad proprietary immune blends.

The 1,000 mg vitamin C amount is ample, but ordinary ascorbic acid offers no special delivery advantage. Proprietary herbal and amino-acid blends hide individual doses, and the broad formula is less focused than a dedicated skin product.

Study evidence
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Zinc Supportive 66 studies
Vision Support
Vision Support
Impact
Moderate effect
C Goal FitC Strength of SupportD+ CoverageD Formula Quality
Zinc · 8 mgVitamin E · 27 mgVitamin C · 1000 mgVitamin A · 600 mcg

The combination supplies several antioxidants relevant to ocular tissues, led by vitamin C with smaller contributions from vitamin E, zinc, and vitamin A. It does not include lutein, zeaxanthin, or retinal omega fats, so it is not a complete vision formula.

Most core nutrient amounts are disclosed, but the proprietary blends add uncertainty without clear eye-specific value. The immune-focused design spreads attention across many ingredients rather than building depth in major ocular pathways.

Study evidence
Vitamin A Supportive 65 studies
Vitamin C Disputed 24 studies
Vitamin E Disputed 35 studies
Zinc Supportive 39 studies
Anti-Inflammatory Support
Anti-Inflammatory Support
Impact
Moderate effect
D+ Goal FitC- Strength of SupportD+ CoverageD+ Formula Quality
Vitamin E · 27 mgVitamin C · 1000 mg

Vitamin C provides substantial antioxidant support, while vitamin E, zinc, and selenium add smaller complementary roles. The formula does not clearly identify a targeted anti-inflammatory botanical or a direct inhibitor of major inflammatory pathways.

Two proprietary blends hide their individual ingredients and amounts, making the apparent breadth impossible to judge. Magnesium oxide and zinc sulfate are basic forms, so the product fits general immune nutrition better than focused inflammation support.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 41 studies
Selenium Supportive 34 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 50 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 20 studies
Zinc Supportive 64 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Calories
5 Calorie(s)
Total Carbohydrates
1 Gram(s)
Vitamin A (Retinyl Acetate)
 600 mcg
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
 1000 mg
Vitamin E (DL-Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate)
 27 mg
Riboflavin
2.8 mg
Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide, Magnesium Sulfate)
 40 mg
Zinc (Zinc Sulfate)
 8 mg
Selenium (Selenium Amino Acid Chelate)
 15 mcg
Manganese (Manganese Gluconate)
 3 mg
Sodium (Sodium Bicarbonate)
 230 mg
Potassium (Potassium Bicarbonate)
 80 mg
Proprietary Herbal Blend
350 mg
Proprietary Amino Acid Blend
50 mg
Gluten Free Adults 18–50 Children 4+
Report overview
Sodium (Sodium Bicarbonate) · 230 mg OverallScore81
C+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value

Sodium bicarbonate provides useful buffering, and potassium bicarbonate adds a well-used supporting form. The sodium amount reaches the lower edge of the useful replenishment range, while magnesium oxide is less readily absorbed. Low carbohydrate content and favorable serving value support practical use.

View ingredientView products
Manganese (Manganese Gluconate) · 3 mg OverallScore76
B+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD+ Value

The organic gluconate form offers good absorption potential. The dose is suitable for maintenance but may be modest for targeted support. The above-median serving cost weakens value.

View ingredientView products
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) · 1000 mg OverallScore50
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

The vitamin C dose is appropriate but relies on ordinary ascorbic acid. The effervescent format and broad blend add complexity without improving vitamin C delivery. Cost per gram is relatively high.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
74 Performance

Liposomal Vitamin C 1000 mg

Lake Avenue Nutrition
<p>Buffered sodium ascorbate paired with sunflower phospholipids offers a more purposeful delivery design than ordinary ascorbic acid with opaque blends. Every main active amount is clear, although the premium serving cost and sodium contribution are meaningful trade-offs.</p>
72 Performance

Wellness Fizz Natural Berry Flavor

Source Naturals
<p>Vitamin C, zinc, vitamin E, selenium, elderberry, and echinacea form a more clearly disclosed immune-oriented blend than the unnamed herbal mixture in the original. Several minor herbs are lightly dosed and the short supply limits convenience, but the main actives can be evaluated individually.</p>
76 Performance

Micro Liposomal C

NutriCology
<p>Buffered sodium ascorbate and purified sunflower phospholipids create a focused liposomal delivery system with clear active amounts. The formula is more transparent than the proprietary blends in the original, though its premium serving cost and sodium content may not suit every user.</p>
88 Budget

Sodium Ascorbate

NutriBiotic Immunity
<p>Buffered sodium ascorbate supplies a comparable vitamin C amount in a simpler, fully quantified formula at a much lower serving cost. The sodium contribution still needs to be counted, but removing the opaque herbal and amino-acid blends makes the active profile easier to assess.</p>
88 Budget

Buffered Gold C

California Gold Nutrition
<p>Sodium ascorbate provides the same central vitamin C amount with clear disclosure and far stronger serving value. The streamlined formula drops zinc and other micronutrients from the original, while also avoiding its hidden herbal and amino-acid blends.</p>
70 Budget

Extra Strength Chewable C 1000 mg

Nature Made
<p>Acidic and buffered vitamin C sources provide a comparable headline amount at a lower serving cost. The chewable has a carbohydrate-heavy base and ambiguous source-level amounts, but it avoids the proprietary herbal and amino-acid blends in the original formula.</p>
88 Value

Sodium Ascorbate Capsules

NutriBiotic Immunity
<p>Buffered vitamin C in a fully quantified capsule offers strong serving efficiency and avoids the costly opaque blends in the original. Its narrower formula omits zinc and the supporting vitamins, while the disclosed sodium contribution may matter on a restricted diet.</p>
82 Value

Liposomal Vitamin C 1000 mg

SunLipid
<p>Buffered vitamin C, a phospholipid complex, and medium-chain triglycerides provide a clear delivery rationale at a reasonable premium-form value. The focused formula lacks the wider micronutrient coverage of the original, but it replaces opaque blends with fully stated active amounts.</p>
88 Value

Buffered Gold C

California Gold Nutrition
<p>A large supply of clearly quantified sodium ascorbate offers substantially better value for the same central vitamin C purpose. The simplified formula gives up zinc and other micronutrients, but it also removes the undisclosed blends and ordinary magnesium forms found in the original.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Bjelakovic G; Nikolova D; Gluud LL; Simonetti RG; Gluud C · JAMA · 2007
    Meta-analysis232,606 participants68 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin C
  2. Vitamin C intake and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
    Xu K; Peng R; Zou Y; Jiang X; Sun Q; Song C · International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2022
    Meta-analysis76 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin C
  3. Associations of Serum Biomarkers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake With the Risk of Cause-Specific Mortality and All-Cause Mortality: A National Prospective Cohort Study.
    Pu L; Zhang R; Wang X; Zhao T; Sun H; Han L · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Cohort study12,530 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin C
  4. Dietary magnesium intake is inversely associated with serum C-reactive protein levels: meta-analysis and systematic review.
    Dibaba DT; Xun P; He K · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2014
    Meta-analysis32,918 participants7 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forMagnesium
  5. Efficacy and safety of magnesium glycinate as add on therapy in hypomagnesemic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A randomised controlled study assessing inflammatory biomarkers.
    Maddirevula MK; Rajanandh MG; Wesley B · Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026
    Randomized trial224 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forMagnesium
  6. Magnesium Supplementation and the Effects on Wound Healing and Metabolic Status in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Razzaghi R; Pidar F; Momen-Heravi M; Bahmani F; Akbari H; Asemi Z · Biological trace element research · 2018
    Randomized trial70 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forMagnesium
  7. The effect of long-term magnesium intake on inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Wang W; Wang J; Yang Y; Shi Y · Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
    Meta-analysis444 participants8 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forMagnesium
  8. Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Inflammatory Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Veronese N; Pizzol D; Smith L; Dominguez LJ; Barbagallo M · Nutrients · 2022
    Meta-analysis889 participants17 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forMagnesium
  9. Selenium and the course of mild Graves' orbitopathy.
    Marcocci C; Kahaly GJ; Krassas GE; Bartalena L; Prummel M; Stahl M; Altea MA; Nardi M; Pitz S; Boboridis K; Sivelli P; von Arx G; Mourits MP; Baldeschi L; Bencivelli W; Wiersinga W; European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy · The New England journal of medicine · 2011
    Randomized trial159 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forSelenium
  10. Effects of selenium supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Asemi Z; Jamilian M; Mesdaghinia E; Esmaillzadeh A · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2016
    Randomized trial70 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forSelenium
  11. Selenium Supplementation Affects Insulin Resistance and Serum hs-CRP in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease.
    Farrokhian A; Bahmani F; Taghizadeh M; Mirhashemi SM; Aarabi MH; Raygan F; Aghadavod E; Asemi Z · Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme · 2017
    Randomized trial60 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forSelenium
  12. The effects of selenium supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic diseases ‒ A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Qiu W; Huang N; Zhang K; Qiu H; Guo Z; Han F; Sun X; Hou N; Kan C · Nutricion hospitalaria · 2026
    Meta-analysis656 participants11 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forSelenium
  13. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Patients Undergoing for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Kamali A; Amirani E; Asemi Z · Biological trace element research · 2020
    Randomized trial33 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forSelenium
  14. Efficacy of Vitamin C as Glucocorticoid Substitute for Reducing Pain and Inflammation After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Jiang W; Xu H; Jiang X; Zhan Y; Ju Y; Xie J; Huang Z; Huang Q; Pei F · The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume · 2025
    Randomized trial107 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forVitamin C
  15. The Impact of Vitamin C on Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, and Hemostatic Outcomes After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Moftakhari Hajimirzaei S; Bagherzadeh Cham M; Dolikhani M; Tabatabaee SM; Ebrahimpour A · The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2026
    Meta-analysis1,162 participants10 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forVitamin C
  16. The impact of vitamin C supplementation on the perioperative outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Liu X; Guo J; Li Y; Yang Y; Liu M; Gao Q; Yang Y; Wu X; Yue C · BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026
    Meta-analysis852 participants8 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forVitamin C
  17. Therapeutic Impact of Ascorbic Acid on Oral and Periodontal Tissues: A Systematic Literature Review.
    Ruzijevaite G; Acaite E; Jagelaviciene E · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025
    Systematic review811 participants17 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forVitamin C
  18. Oral vitamin C administration reduces early recurrence rates after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation and attenuates associated inflammation.
    Korantzopoulos P; Kolettis TM; Kountouris E; Dimitroula V; Karanikis P; Pappa E; Siogas K; Goudevenos JA · International journal of cardiology · 2005
    Randomized trial44 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forVitamin C
  19. Effects of delta-tocotrienol supplementation on Glycemic Control, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and miRNA expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial.
    Mahjabeen W; Khan DA; Mirza SA; Pervez MA · Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2021
    Randomized trial110 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forVitamin E
  20. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on serum C-reactive protein level: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Saboori S; Shab-Bidar S; Speakman JR; Yousefi Rad E; Djafarian K · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2016
    Meta-analysis495 participants12 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forVitamin E
  21. Efficacy of Nutritional Interventions on Inflammatory Markers in Haemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Limited Meta-Analysis.
    Khor BH; Narayanan SS; Sahathevan S; Gafor AHA; Daud ZAM; Khosla P; Sabatino A; Fiaccadori E; Chinna K; Karupaiah T · Nutrients · 2018
    Meta-analysis46 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forVitamin E
  22. Vitamin E improves serum markers and histology in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Chee NM; Sinnanaidu RP; Chan WK · Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2024
    Meta-analysis8 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forVitamin E
  23. Delta-tocotrienol supplementation improves biochemical markers of hepatocellular injury and steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
    Pervez MA; Khan DA; Slehria AUR; Ijaz A · Complementary therapies in medicine · 2021
    Randomized trial71 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forVitamin E
  24. Zinc decreases C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects: a potential implication of zinc as an atheroprotective agent.
    Bao B; Prasad AS; Beck FW; Fitzgerald JT; Snell D; Bao GW; Singh T; Cardozo LJ · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2010
    Randomized trial40 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forZinc
  25. Zinc Supplementation in Individuals with Prediabetes and type 2 Diabetes: a GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.
    Nazari M; Nikbaf-Shandiz M; Pashayee-Khamene F; Bagheri R; Goudarzi K; Hosseinnia NV; Dolatshahi S; Omran HS; Amirani N; Ashtary-Larky D; Asbaghi O; Ghanavati M · Biological trace element research · 2024
    Meta-analysis23 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forZinc
  26. The Effects of Zinc Supplementation on C-Reactive Protein and Inflammatory Cytokines: A Meta-Analysis and Systematical Review.
    Ceylan MN; Akdas S; Yazihan N · Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2022
    Meta-analysis73 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forZinc
  27. The Effects of Zinc Sulfate Supplementation on Serum Copeptin, C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Markers in Zinc-Deficient Diabetic Patients on Hemodialysis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Hosseini R; Montazerifar F; Shahraki E; Karajibani M; Mokhtari AM; Dashipour AR; Ferns GA; Jalali M · Biological trace element research · 2021
    Randomized trial46 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forZinc
  28. Zinc supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
    Nazari M; Ashtary-Larky D; Nikbaf-Shandiz M; Goudarzi K; Bagheri R; Dolatshahi S; Omran HS; Amirani N; Ghanavati M; Asbaghi O · Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2023
    Meta-analysis75 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support forZinc
  29. Perioperative systemic magnesium to minimize postoperative pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    De Oliveira GS; Castro-Alves LJ; Khan JH; McCarthy RJ · Anesthesiology · 2013
    Meta-analysis1,257 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forMagnesium
  30. Long-term outcome after intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2).
    Woods KL; Fletcher S · Lancet (London, England) · 1994
    Randomized trial2,316 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  31. Association of magnesium sulfate use with mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.
    Gu WJ; Duan XJ; Liu XZ; Cen Y; Tao LY; Lyu J; Yin HY · British journal of anaesthesia · 2023
    Cohort study10,999 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  32. Hypomagnesemia and Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients.
    Li L; Streja E; Rhee CM; Mehrotra R; Soohoo M; Brunelli SM; Kovesdy CP; Kalantar-Zadeh K · American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2016
    Cohort study9,359 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  33. The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.
    Jaripur M; Ghasemi-Tehrani H; Askari G; Gholizadeh-Moghaddam M; Clark CCT; Rouhani MH · Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022
    Randomized trial64 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  34. Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
    Aune D; Keum N; Giovannucci E; Fadnes LT; Boffetta P; Greenwood DC; Tonstad S; Vatten LJ; Riboli E; Norat T · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019
    Meta-analysis69 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin C
  35. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin C and increasing non haem iron absorption pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusGeneral Health forVitamin C
  36. Vitamin C Depletion and All-Cause Mortality in Renal Transplant Recipients.
    Sotomayor CG; Eisenga MF; Gomes Neto AW; Ozyilmaz A; Gans ROB; Jong WHA; Zelle DM; Berger SP; Gaillard CAJM; Navis GJ; Bakker SJ · Nutrients · 2018
    Cohort study598 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin C
  37. Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study: a prospective population study. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
    Khaw KT; Bingham S; Welch A; Luben R; Wareham N; Oakes S; Day N · Lancet (London, England) · 2001
    Cohort study19,496 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin C
  38. Hypomagnesemia Is a Risk Factor for Infections after Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
    Odler B; Deak AT; Pregartner G; Riedl R; Bozic J; Trummer C; Prenner A; Söllinger L; Krall M; Höflechner L; Hebesberger C; Boxler MS; Berghold A; Schemmer P; Pilz S; Rosenkranz AR · Nutrients · 2021
    Cohort study376 participantsImmunity forMagnesium
  39. Higher Intake of Dietary Magnesium Is Inversely Associated With COVID-19 Severity and Symptoms in Hospitalized Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.
    Nouri-Majd S; Ebrahimzadeh A; Mousavi SM; Zargarzadeh N; Eslami M; Santos HO; Taghizadeh M; Milajerdi A · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Cross-sectional study250 participantsImmunity forMagnesium
  40. Mg2+ regulates cytotoxic functions of NK and CD8 T cells in chronic EBV infection through NKG2D.
    Chaigne-Delalande B; Li FY; O'Connor GM; Lukacs MJ; Jiang P; Zheng L; Shatzer A; Biancalana M; Pittaluga S; Matthews HF; Jancel TJ; Bleesing JJ; Marsh RA; Kuijpers TW; Nichols KE; Lucas CL; Nagpal S; Mehmet H; Su HC; Cohen JI; Uzel G; Lenardo MJ · Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2013
    Single-arm trialImmunity forMagnesium
  41. Effect of magnesium on granulocyte function and on the exercise induced inflammatory response.
    Mooren FC; Golf SW; Völker K · Magnesium research · 2003
    Randomized trialImmunity forMagnesium
  42. Maternal and neonatal outcomes following magnesium sulfate in the setting of chorioamnionitis: a meta-analysis.
    Pergialiotis V; Sapantzoglou I; Rodolaki K; Varthaliti A; Theodora M; Antsaklis P; Thomakos N; Stavros S; Daskalakis G; Papapanagiotou A · Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024
    Meta-analysis6,559 participants8 studies pooledImmunity forMagnesium
  43. Effects of selenium supplementation on selenoprotein gene expression and response to influenza vaccine challenge: a randomised controlled trial.
    Goldson AJ; Fairweather-Tait SJ; Armah CN; Bao Y; Broadley MR; Dainty JR; Furniss C; Hart DJ; Teucher B; Hurst R · PloS one · 2011
    Randomized trial119 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  44. Effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
    Janbakhsh A; Mansouri F; Vaziri S; Sayad B; Afsharian M; Rahimi M; Shahebrahimi K; Salari F · Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2013
    Randomized trial62 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  45. Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China.
    Yu SY; Li WG; Zhu YJ; Yu WP; Hou C · Biological trace element research · 1990
    Non-randomized trial20,847 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  46. Selenium nanoparticles as adjunctive therapy in sepsis: A pilot randomized clinical trial.
    Gu WJ; Huang W; Zhao FZ; Yuan XK; Jin K; Chen JL; Zhang CY; Huang Y; He L; Zhuang H; Yin HY; Chen T · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2026
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  47. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations.
    Gärtner R; Gasnier BC; Dietrich JW; Krebs B; Angstwurm MW · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2002
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  48. Depressed immune response to tetanus in children with vitamin A deficiency.
    Semba RD; Muhilal; Scott AL; Natadisastra G; Wirasasmita S; Mele L; Ridwan E; West KP; Sommer A · The Journal of nutrition · 1992
    Randomized trial236 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  49. Impact of a single megadose of vitamin A at delivery on breastmilk of mothers and morbidity of their infants.
    Roy SK; Islam A; Molla A; Akramuzzaman SM; Jahan F; Fuchs G · European journal of clinical nutrition · 1997
    Randomized trial50 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  50. Vitamin A supplementation reduces measles morbidity in young African children: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
    Coutsoudis A; Broughton M; Coovadia HM · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1991
    Randomized trial60 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  51. Vitamin A supplementation enhances specific IgG antibody levels and total lymphocyte numbers while improving morbidity in measles.
    Coutsoudis A; Kiepiela P; Coovadia HM; Broughton M · The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 1992
    Randomized trial60 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  52. Vitamin A supplementation reduces the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 intestinal immune response of Mexican children.
    Long KZ; Santos JI; Estrada Garcia T; Haas M; Firestone M; Bhagwat J; Dupont HL; Hertzmark E; Rosado JL; Nanthakumar NN · The Journal of nutrition · 2006
    Randomized trial127 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  53. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusImmunity forVitamin C
  54. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
    Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  55. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
    Meta-analysisImmunity forVitamin C
  56. New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
    Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
    Randomized trial20 participantsImmunity forVitamin C
  57. Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
    Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  58. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Vlieg-Boerstra B; de Jong N; Meyer R; Agostoni C; De Cosmi V; Grimshaw K; Milani GP; Muraro A; Oude Elberink H; Pali-Schöll I; Roduit C; Sasaki M; Skypala I; Sokolowska M; van Splunter M; Untersmayr E; Venter C; O'Mahony L; Nwaru BI · Allergy · 2022
    Meta-analysis199,055 participants115 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  59. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Jalla S; Mazumdar S; Sinha A; Bhan MK · Pediatrics · 1998
    Randomized trial609 participantsImmunity forZinc
  60. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children.
    Rerksuppaphol S; Rerksuppaphol L · Pediatric reports · 2020
    Randomized trial64 participantsImmunity forZinc
  61. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population.
    Fortes C; Forastiere F; Agabiti N; Fano V; Pacifici R; Virgili F; Piras G; Guidi L; Bartoloni C; Tricerri A; Zuccaro P; Ebrahim S; Perucci CA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1998
    Randomized trial136 participantsImmunity forZinc
  62. The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.
    Vecchietti A; Strano P; Minutolo G; Grieco V; Cappuccio G; Granvillano G; Confalonieri L; Briganti GL; Raso E; Chimienti M; Pellegrini M; Mercogliano M; Spatari G; Lugli C; Urbano T; Lorenzon A · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  63. Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of an ascorbic acid-loaded dissolving microneedle patch via a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.
    Lee C; Yang H; Kim S; Kim M; Kang H; Kim N; An S; Koh J; Jung H · International journal of cosmetic science · 2017
    Randomized trial23 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  64. Comparative Study on the Outcome of Periorbital Wrinkles Treated with Laser-Assisted Delivery of Vitamin C or Vitamin C Plus Growth Factors: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial.
    Machado BHB; Frame J; Zhang J; Najlah M · Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021
    Randomized trial149 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  65. Randomized trial of topical ascorbic acid in DMSO versus imiquimod for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
    Burke B; Bailie JE · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022
    Randomized trial25 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  66. Vitamin C improves healing of foot ulcers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Gunton JE; Girgis CM; Lau T; Vicaretti M; Begg L; Flood V · The British journal of nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial16 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  67. Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women.
    Cosgrove MC; Franco OH; Granger SP; Murray PG; Mayes AE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2007
    Cross-sectional study4,025 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  68. Sex-related differences in response to zinc pyrithione shampoo vs. non-anti-dandruff shampoo.
    Collins LZ; Baines FL; Matheson JR; Turner GA; Diao Y; Li Y; Pi Y · International journal of cosmetic science · 2019
    Meta-analysis2,088 participants20 studies pooledSkin Health forZinc
  69. Maintenance of an Acidic Skin Surface with a Novel Zinc Lactobionate Emollient Preparation Improves Skin Barrier Function in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.
    Andrew PV; Pinnock A; Poyner A; Brown K; Chittock J; Kay LJ; Cork MJ; Danby SG · Dermatology and therapy · 2024
    Cohort study23 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  70. Spatial expression of metallothionein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and Ki-67 in human epidermal wounds treated with zinc and determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry: A randomised double-blind trial.
    Ågren MS; Chafranska L; Eriksen JO; Forman JL; Bjerrum MJ; Schjerling P; Larsen HF; Cottarelli E; Jorgensen LN; Gjerdrum LMR · European journal of cell biology · 2021
    Randomized trial30 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  71. A pilot trial using topical regular crystalline insulin vs. aqueous zinc solution for uncomplicated cutaneous wound healing: Impact on quality of life.
    Attia EA; Belal DM; El Samahy MH; El Hamamsy MH · Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2014
    Randomized trial90 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  72. Evidence-Based Nutritional Interventions in Wound Care.
    Saeg F; Orazi R; Bowers GM; Janis JE · Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2021
    Systematic review2,339 participants36 studies pooledSkin Health forZinc
  73. A randomized trial of vitamin A and vitamin E supplementation for retinitis pigmentosa.
    Berson EL; Rosner B; Sandberg MA; Hayes KC; Nicholson BW; Weigel-DiFranco C; Willett W · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 1993
    Randomized trial601 participantsVision Support forVitamin A
  74. Efficacy and safety of retinol palmitate ophthalmic solution in the treatment of dry eye: a Japanese Phase II clinical trial.
    Toshida H; Funaki T; Ono K; Tabuchi N; Watanabe S; Seki T; Otake H; Kato T; Ebihara N; Murakami A · Drug design, development and therapy · 2018
    Randomized trial66 participantsVision Support forVitamin A
  75. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age.
    Imdad A; Mayo-Wilson E; Haykal MR; Regan A; Sidhu J; Smith A; Bhutta ZA · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022
    Meta-analysis1,223,856 participants47 studies pooledVision Support forVitamin A
  76. Vitamin A supplementation improves retinal function in infants at risk of retinopathy of prematurity.
    Mactier H; McCulloch DL; Hamilton R; Galloway P; Bradnam MS; Young D; Lavy T; Farrell L; Weaver LT · The Journal of pediatrics · 2012
    Randomized trial89 participantsVision Support forVitamin A
  77. Effect of short-term, high-dose retinol on dark adaptation in aging and early age-related maculopathy.
    Owsley C; McGwin G; Jackson GR; Heimburger DC; Piyathilake CJ; Klein R; White MF; Kallies K · Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2006
    Randomized trial104 participantsVision Support forVitamin A
  78. Role of Oral Vitamin 'C' on Astigmatic Errors in Phacoemulsification.
    Mohan S; Sah K; Khattri M; Ahmad L; Sachan SK · Current eye research · 2021
    Randomized trial400 participantsVision Support forVitamin C
  79. Ascorbic acid metabolites are involved in intraocular pressure control in the general population.
    Hysi PG; Khawaja AP; Menni C; Tamraz B; Wareham N; Khaw KT; Foster PJ; Benet LZ; Spector TD; Hammond CJ · Redox biology · 2019
    Observational studyVision Support forVitamin C
  80. Nutritional modulation of cataract.
    Weikel KA; Garber C; Baburins A; Taylor A · Nutrition reviews · 2014
    Narrative reviewVision Support forVitamin C
  81. Dietary n-3 Fatty Acid, α-Tocopherol, Zinc, vitamin D, vitamin C, and β-carotene are Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Japan.
    Aoki A; Inoue M; Nguyen E; Obata R; Kadonosono K; Shinkai S; Hashimoto H; Sasaki S; Yanagi Y · Scientific reports · 2017
    Case-control study530 participantsVision Support forVitamin C Vision Support forVitamin E
  82. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, lifestyle and age-related macular degeneration: the Coimbra Eye Study - report 3.
    Raimundo M; Mira F; Cachulo MDL; Barreto P; Ribeiro L; Farinha C; Laíns I; Nunes S; Alves D; Figueira J; Merle BM; Delcourt C; Santos L; Silva R · Acta ophthalmologica · 2019
    Case-control study883 participantsVision Support forVitamin C
  83. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration.
    Evans JR; Lawrenson JG · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Meta-analysis55,614 participants4 studies pooledVision Support forVitamin E
  84. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins C and E, and risk of cataract in women: a prospective study.
    Christen WG; Liu S; Glynn RJ; Gaziano JM; Buring JE · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2008
    Cohort study35,551 participantsVision Support forVitamin E
  85. Long-term nutrient intake and 5-year change in nuclear lens opacities.
    Jacques PF; Taylor A; Moeller S; Hankinson SE; Rogers G; Tung W; Ludovico J; Willett WC; Chylack LT · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2005
    Cohort study408 participantsVision Support forVitamin E
  86. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of age-related macular degeneration.
    van Leeuwen R; Boekhoorn S; Vingerling JR; Witteman JC; Klaver CC; Hofman A; de Jong PT · JAMA · 2005
    Cohort study4,765 participantsVision Support forVitamin E
  87. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for age-related macular degeneration.
    Evans JR · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2002
    Systematic review170 participants7 studies pooledVision Support forZinc
  88. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration.
    Evans JR; Lawrenson JG · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Meta-analysis3,790 participants5 studies pooledVision Support forZinc
  89. Oral zinc in macular degeneration.
    Newsome DA; Swartz M; Leone NC; Elston RC; Miller E · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 1988
    Randomized trial151 participantsVision Support forZinc
  90. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8.
    Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2001
    Randomized trial3,640 participantsVision Support forZinc
  91. Effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on the nutriture of children in Northeast Thailand.
    Udomkesmalee E; Dhanamitta S; Sirisinha S; Charoenkiatkul S; Tuntipopipat S; Banjong O; Rojroongwasinkul N; Kramer TR; Smith JC · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1992
    Randomized trial133 participantsVision Support forZinc