Product Image

Multi + Omega-3 Adult Gummies

Nature Made
4.7
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(234 ratings)
Vitamin A 2500 IU
Niacin 20 mg
Vitamin D 2000 IU
Folate 400 mcg
Vitamin E 20 IU
Fish Oil 227 mg
Protein (unspecified) 1 Gram(s)
Product Image
Score64
A convenient gummy with useful vitamin D3 and basic nutrient coverage. The small, poorly specified fish-oil amount and carbohydrate load keep it from replacing a targeted omega-3 or more complete multivitamin.
How scoring works
Quantity:80 Gummy(ies) • (40 servings)
Goals:
General Health
Testosterone Support
Immunity

Score 64

A convenient gummy with useful vitamin D3 and basic nutrient coverage. The small, poorly specified fish-oil amount and carbohydrate load keep it from replacing a targeted omega-3 or more complete multivitamin.
How scoring works
$11.54($0.28 per serving)
Walmart
$ 11.89
Vitacost
$ 11.54
Report prices

Analysis

The gummy format makes light daily coverage easy, with vitamin D3 as the clearest strength. Vitamin C, vitamin A, niacin, B6, folic acid, B12, and zinc add a basic spread of nutrients for adults who struggle with tablets.

The 227 mg fish-oil amount is small and does not disclose EPA or DHA, so it should not be treated as a meaningful targeted omega-3 serving. Several vitamin forms are standard rather than premium, including folic acid, cyanocobalamin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, and synthetic vitamin E.

Two gummies provide five grams of carbohydrate, an important trade-off for people closely managing sugar or carbohydrate intake. The formula works best as a convenient entry-level supplement rather than a complete multivitamin or focused fish-oil product.

Who is it for
  • Adults who prefer gummies over tablets or capsules
  • People seeking light daily vitamin coverage
  • Users who want a simple vitamin D3-led formula
Best for
  • Convenient basic multivitamin support
  • Adults who have difficulty swallowing pills
  • Adding vitamin D3 in a gummy format

Pros

  • Provides 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 per serving
  • Gummy format is easy to take
  • Includes vitamins A, C, E, B6, B12, folate, niacin, and zinc
  • Offers an accessible option for light daily coverage
  • Serving amounts are clearly listed for the vitamins

Cons

  • Fish oil is only 227 mg and EPA and DHA are not disclosed
  • Uses synthetic vitamin E and basic forms of several B vitamins
  • Provides five grams of carbohydrate per serving
  • Omits many minerals expected in a fuller multivitamin
  • Not strong enough for targeted omega-3 support

Warnings

  • The fish-oil ingredient is unsuitable for people with fish allergy.
  • Retinyl acetate is preformed vitamin A, so pregnant users and people taking other vitamin A products should account for total intake.
  • Five grams of carbohydrate per serving may matter for people closely managing blood sugar or carbohydrate intake.

Nutrient quality

63 Moderate impact

Vitamin D3 and sodium ascorbate are useful forms, while several other nutrients use basic forms. The fish-oil amount is small and the gummy leaves major nutrient gaps.

Ingredient transparency

68 High impact

Vitamin and mineral amounts are clear, but fish oil lacks EPA, DHA, source, and form details. Daily directions and the complete gummy base are not supplied.

Customer satisfaction

68 High impact

The aggregate rating is very strong and supported by a moderate number of ratings. No review excerpts are supplied, so repeated complaints and purpose-specific experiences cannot be assessed.

Value for money

59 Moderate impact

The serving cost is modest for a gummy with several vitamins. Added carbohydrate, incomplete nutrient coverage, and a token fish-oil amount reduce the real value.

Report analysis

Goals

General Health
General Health
Impact
High effect
B+ Goal FitC- Strength of SupportC+ CoverageB Formula Quality
Folate · 400 mcgVitamin B12 · 6 mcgVitamin D · 2000 IUFish Oil · 227 mgZinc · 3.8 mgVitamin C · 50 mg

The gummies provide vitamin D3, several essential vitamins, zinc, and a small amount of fish oil in an easy daily format. Vitamin D3 is the clearest general-health strength and is supplied at a useful amount.

The fish oil lacks EPA and DHA disclosure, zinc is modest, and several nutrients expected from a broad multivitamin are absent. The carbohydrate-containing gummy format favors convenience over comprehensive or precisely targeted nutritional support.

Study evidence
Fish Oil Supportive 61 studies
Folate Supportive 80 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 115 studies
Zinc Supportive 60 studies
Testosterone Support
Testosterone Support
Impact
High effect
B- Goal FitC+ Strength of SupportC- CoverageB Formula Quality
Zinc · 3.8 mgVitamin D · 2000 IUFish Oil · 227 mg

Vitamin D3 reaches a focused daily amount and provides the clearest foundational support for hormone production. Fish oil supplies a lipid carrier that may aid vitamin D absorption.

Zinc is low, and the fish oil does not disclose EPA or DHA amounts or molecular form. The gummy therefore supports one main endocrine pathway rather than a comprehensive testosterone formula.

Study evidence
Fish Oil Supportive 3 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 56 studies
Zinc Disputed 7 studies
Immunity
Immunity
Impact
High effect
C+ Goal FitC- Strength of SupportC+ CoverageB Formula Quality
Vitamin C · 50 mgZinc · 3.8 mgVitamin A · 2500 IUVitamin D · 2000 IU

Vitamin D3, preformed vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc, and vitamin E provide several foundational immune nutrients. Vitamin D3 is well represented, but vitamin C and zinc are too modest for focused immune dosing.

Fish oil supplies a lipid matrix that may help absorb the fat-soluble vitamins, adding coherence to the gummy format. The formula suits basic daily coverage more than a targeted immune regimen.

Study evidence
Vitamin A Supportive 107 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 85 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 21 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Skin Health
Skin Health
Impact
Moderate effect
C Goal FitD Strength of SupportD CoverageD+ Formula Quality
Zinc · 3.8 mgVitamin C · 50 mgVitamin E · 20 IU

Vitamin A supports normal skin-cell turnover, while vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and fish oil add light antioxidant and repair support. The gummy remains a general multivitamin rather than a focused skin formula.

Vitamin A is supplied at a useful daily amount, but vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and fish oil are modest or incompletely characterized. Synthetic vitamin E, zinc sulfate, and the lack of disclosed EPA and DHA limit confidence in meaningful skin contribution.

Study evidence
Vitamin A Supportive 106 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 38 studies
Zinc Supportive 66 studies
Energy
Energy
Impact
Moderate effect
C- Goal FitD- Strength of SupportD CoverageB- Formula Quality
Vitamin D · 2000 IUVitamin B12 · 6 mcgFish Oil · 227 mg

Vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, and vitamin D provide basic nutritional support but are unlikely to change energy unless intake is inadequate. The gummy offers no caffeine, adaptogen, creatine, or meaningful mitochondrial active.

Vitamin B12 is low for targeted energy support, and the fish-oil amount lacks separate EPA and DHA disclosure. The streamlined ingredient list avoids proprietary energy blends but remains too limited for a comprehensive energy formula.

Study evidence
Fish Oil Disputed 8 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 32 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Calories
25 Calorie(s)
Total Carbohydrates
5 Gram(s)
Protein
1 Gram(s)
Vitamin A (Retinyl Acetate)
 2500 IU
Vitamin C (Sodium Ascorbate)
 50 mg
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
 2000 IU
Vitamin E (DL-Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate)
 20 IU
Niacin (Niacinamide)
 20 mg
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)
 1.8 mg
Folic Acid
400 mcg
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
 6 mcg
Zinc (Zinc Sulfate)
 3.8 mg
Sodium
15 mg
Fish Oil
227 mg
Gluten Free Adults 18–50
Report overview
Vitamin A (Retinyl Acetate) · 2500 IU OverallScore74
C- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD+ Value

Preformed retinyl acetate is less self-regulating than carotenoid-based vitamin A. Included fat or lecithin provides a useful absorption matrix. The dose is well aligned with the intended daily range, while the added nutrients help, but vitamin A cost efficiency is only moderate.

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Niacin (Niacinamide) · 20 mg OverallScore72
B+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

The gummy formula uses clearly disclosed niacinamide at a routine multivitamin amount. Its low-flush form and convenient delivery support general use, but it lacks targeted niacin dosing or specialized release. The added fish oil broadens the formula, though the serving cost is high for niacin alone.

View ingredientView products
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) · 2000 IU OverallScore64
A Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityD+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

The gummy provides vitamin D3 at the lower edge of the preferred target range. Fish oil gives it a meaningful lipid source that may support absorption, though the raw D3 source is not disclosed. Its carbohydrate load, absent certification evidence, and modest unit efficiency limit the result.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
78 Performance

Children's Chewable

Thompson
<p>Vitamin D3, natural-form vitamin E, clearly named minerals, and 9 mg of iron provide stronger ingredient detail than the original gummy. The child-specific amounts and lack of fish oil mean it is appropriate only for the intended age group.</p>
69 Performance

The Total EFA

Health From The Sun
<p>Fish, borage, and flax oils provide much broader fatty-acid sources than the original 227 mg fish-oil addition. EPA, DHA, GLA, and ALA amounts remain missing, and the formula does not replace a multivitamin.</p>
66 Performance

Only One Liquid-Gel Multi

Irwin Naturals
<p>Broad vitamins and minerals, methylcobalamin, vitamin D3, natural vitamin E, and 500 mg fish oil create a more complete one-product approach. Fish-oil actives are still unquantified, and iron may be unnecessary for adults without increased needs.</p>
75 Budget

Multi Adult Gummies

Nature Made
<p>A similar adult gummy supplies core vitamins, including 1,000 IU vitamin D3, at a lower recurring cost. It removes the original's poorly quantified fish oil, but still uses basic forms and offers little mineral depth.</p>
72 Budget

One Daily Women's Adult Gummy

Equate
<p>A simple adult gummy supplies vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, biotin, calcium, iodine, and zinc for less recurring cost. It is women-focused and omits fish oil, while unspecified forms and light mineral amounts limit completeness.</p>
71 Budget

Norwegian Cod Liver Oil 1000 mg Fresh Orange Flavor

AN Amazing Nutrition Amazing Omega
<p>Cod liver oil with vitamin D3, natural vitamin E, and vitamin A offers a low-cost way to prioritize fat-soluble nutrients. EPA and DHA amounts are missing, and the narrow formula cannot replace the original multivitamin coverage.</p>
67 Value

Multivitamin with Omega-3

Nature Made Kids First
<p>A child-focused gummy retains vitamins plus 113.5 mg fish oil at a lower recurring cost. Vitamin forms are basic and omega-3 actives are not disclosed, so value depends on age-appropriate convenience rather than formulation quality.</p>
73 Value

Muti Vitamin Raspberry Flavor

Yum-V's Complete
<p>A basic adult vitamin panel with 800 IU vitamin D3 and 400 mcg folic acid offers clearer value when omega-3 is not a priority. Limited minerals and less preferred forms keep it from being a comprehensive substitute.</p>
68 Value

Norwegian Cod Liver Oil 1000 mg Fresh Lemon Flavor

AN Amazing Nutrition Amazing Omega
<p>Cod liver oil supplies vitamin D3, natural vitamin E, and vitamin A at a low recurring cost. The missing EPA and DHA amounts and absent B vitamins and minerals make it a value option only for a narrower oil-focused goal.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation for 12 Weeks Increases Resting and Exercise Metabolic Rate in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Females.
    Logan SL; Spriet LL · PloS one · 2016
    Randomized trial24 participantsEnergy forFish Oil
  2. Effects of fish oil during hemodialysis on nutritional status and quality of life: a randomized double-blinded trial.
    Zhang C; Ge C; Wang J; Sun D · Food & nutrition research · 2022
    Randomized trial103 participantsEnergy General Health forFish Oil
  3. Supplementation of fish oil and olive oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
    Berbert AA; Kondo CR; Almendra CL; Matsuo T; Dichi I · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2005
    Randomized trial43 participantsEnergy forFish Oil
  4. DHA-rich Fish Oil Increases the Omega-3 Index and Lowers the Oxygen Cost of Physiologically Stressful Cycling in Trained Individuals.
    Hingley L; Macartney MJ; Brown MA; McLennan PL; Peoples GE · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2018
    Randomized trial26 participantsEnergy forFish Oil
  5. Fish oil reduces heart rate and oxygen consumption during exercise.
    Peoples GE; McLennan PL; Howe PR; Groeller H · Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology · 2009
    Randomized trial16 participantsEnergy forFish Oil
  6. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    López-Muñoz P; Torres-Costoso AI; Fernández-Rodríguez R; Guzmán-Pavón MJ; de Arenas-Arroyo SN; Basco-López JÁ; Reina-Gutiérrez S · Nutrients · 2023
    Meta-analysis345 participants5 studies pooledEnergy forVitamin D
  7. Vitamin D Supplementation in Adolescents and Young Adults With Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Improvement in Disease Activity and Fatigue Scores: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Lima GL; Paupitz J; Aikawa NE; Takayama L; Bonfa E; Pereira RM · Arthritis care & research · 2016
    Randomized trial40 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  8. Vitamin D in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After COVID-19 or Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Kodama S; Nakata M; Konishi N; Yoshino M; Fujisawa A; Naganuma M; Kobayashi Y; Hirai Y; Kitagawa A; Miyokawa M; Mishima R; Teramukai S; Fukushima M · Nutrients · 2026
    Randomized trial91 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  9. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on disease activity and fatigue in Libyan rheumatoid arthritis patients.
    Elfituri S · Reumatologia · 2024
    Randomized trial68 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  10. The effect of home-based aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis during COVID-19 outbreak.
    Bahmani E; Hoseini R; Amiri E · Science & sports · 2022
    Randomized trial40 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  11. Parenteral Nutrition Containing Fish Oil for Hospitalized Non-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
    Pradelli L; Heller AR; Klek S; Mayer K; Rosenthal MD; Muscaritoli M · Nutrients · 2025
    Meta-analysis29 studies pooledGeneral Health forFish Oil
  12. The effects of fish oil plus vitamin D3 intervention on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.
    Guo XF; Wang C; Yang T; Ma WJ; Zhai J; Zhao T; Xu TC; Li J; Liu H; Sinclair AJ; Li D · European journal of nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial111 participantsGeneral Health forFish Oil
  13. Circulating Docosahexaenoic Acid and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.
    O'Keefe EL; O'Keefe JH; Tintle NL; Westra J; Albuisson L; Harris WS · Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2024
    Meta-analysis117,702 participants17 studies pooledGeneral Health forFish Oil
  14. Omega-3 dietary supplements and the risk of cardiovascular events: a systematic review.
    Marik PE; Varon J · Clinical cardiology · 2010
    Meta-analysis39,044 participants11 studies pooledGeneral Health forFish Oil
  15. Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A National Population-Based Cohort.
    Bo Y; Xu H; Zhang H; Zhang J; Wan Z; Zhao X; Yu Z · Nutrients · 2022
    Cohort study55,569 participantsGeneral Health forFolate
  16. The responsiveness of plasma homocysteine to small increases in dietary folic acid: a primary care study.
    Schorah CJ; Devitt H; Lucock M; Dowell AC · European journal of clinical nutrition · 1998
    Randomized trial119 participantsGeneral Health forFolate
  17. Associations of Serum Folate and Homocysteine Concentrations with All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality in Men and Women in Korea: the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study.
    Song S; Song BM; Park HY · The Journal of nutrition · 2023
    Cohort study21,260 participantsGeneral Health forFolate
  18. The concept of folic acid supplementation and its role in prevention of neural tube defect among pregnant women: PRISMA.
    Seyoum Tola F · Medicine · 2024
    Systematic reviewGeneral Health forFolate
  19. Systematic review of adverse health outcomes associated with high serum or red blood cell folate concentrations.
    Colapinto CK; O'Connor DL; Sampson M; Williams B; Tremblay MS · Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2017
    Systematic review71,847 participants46 studies pooledGeneral Health forFolate
  20. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.
    Bjelakovic G; Gluud LL; Nikolova D; Whitfield K; Wetterslev J; Simonetti RG; Bjelakovic M; Gluud C · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
    Meta-analysis95,286 participants159 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  21. Effect of vitamin D on gastrointestinal symptoms and health-related quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.
    Abbasnezhad A; Amani R; Hajiani E; Alavinejad P; Cheraghian B; Ghadiri A · Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2018
    Randomized trial90 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin D
  22. The impact of vitamin D administration on mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Kow CS; Ramachandram DS; Hasan SS; Wong Z; Thiruchelvam K · Inflammopharmacology · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,495 participants19 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  23. Vitamin D Status and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
    Heath AK; Kim IY; Hodge AM; English DR; Muller DC · International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Systematic review84 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  24. Meta-analysis of long-term vitamin D supplementation on overall mortality.
    Zheng Y; Zhu J; Zhou M; Cui L; Yao W; Liu Y · PloS one · 2014
    Meta-analysis42 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  25. Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes in the treatment of oral mucositis and quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy.
    Mohammadi F; Oshvandi K; Kamallan SR; Khazaei S; Ranjbar H; Ahmadi-Motamayel F; Gillespie M; Jenabi E; Vafaei SY · Nursing open · 2022
    Randomized trial144 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  26. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Bhan MK; Bhandari N; Sinha A; Jalla S · The New England journal of medicine · 1995
    Randomized trial937 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  27. Associations of mortality with ocular disorders and an intervention of high-dose antioxidants and zinc in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 13.
    Clemons TE; Kurinij N; Sperduto RD; AREDS Research Group · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2004
    Randomized trial4,753 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  28. Effects of zinc and probiotic co-supplementation on inflammation, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and mood in irritable bowel syndrome patients.
    Rezazadegan M; Soheilipour M; Amani R · Scientific reports · 2026
    Randomized trial84 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  29. Effect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trial.
    Siahbazi S; Behboudi-Gandevani S; Moghaddam-Banaem L; Montazeri A · The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2018
    Randomized trial142 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  30. Depressed immune response to tetanus in children with vitamin A deficiency.
    Semba RD; Muhilal; Scott AL; Natadisastra G; Wirasasmita S; Mele L; Ridwan E; West KP; Sommer A · The Journal of nutrition · 1992
    Randomized trial236 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  31. Impact of a single megadose of vitamin A at delivery on breastmilk of mothers and morbidity of their infants.
    Roy SK; Islam A; Molla A; Akramuzzaman SM; Jahan F; Fuchs G · European journal of clinical nutrition · 1997
    Randomized trial50 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  32. Vitamin A supplementation reduces measles morbidity in young African children: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
    Coutsoudis A; Broughton M; Coovadia HM · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1991
    Randomized trial60 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  33. Vitamin A supplementation enhances specific IgG antibody levels and total lymphocyte numbers while improving morbidity in measles.
    Coutsoudis A; Kiepiela P; Coovadia HM; Broughton M · The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 1992
    Randomized trial60 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  34. Vitamin A supplementation reduces the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 intestinal immune response of Mexican children.
    Long KZ; Santos JI; Estrada Garcia T; Haas M; Firestone M; Bhagwat J; Dupont HL; Hertzmark E; Rosado JL; Nanthakumar NN · The Journal of nutrition · 2006
    Randomized trial127 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  35. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusImmunity forVitamin C
  36. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
    Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  37. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
    Meta-analysisImmunity forVitamin C
  38. New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
    Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
    Randomized trial20 participantsImmunity forVitamin C
  39. Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
    Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  40. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis.
    Martineau AR; Jolliffe DA; Greenberg L; Aloia JF; Bergman P; Dubnov-Raz G; Esposito S; Ganmaa D; Ginde AA; Goodall EC; Grant CC; Janssens W; Jensen ME; Kerley CP; Laaksi I; Manaseki-Holland S; Mauger D; Murdoch DR; Neale R; Rees JR; Simpson S; Stelmach I; Trilok Kumar G; Urashima M; Camargo CA; Griffiths CJ; Hooper RL · Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020
    Meta-analysis11,321 participants25 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  41. Association Between Vitamin D and Influenza: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Zhu Z; Zhu X; Gu L; Zhan Y; Chen L; Li X · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Meta-analysis4,859 participants10 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  42. Vitamin D3 and deconvoluting a rash.
    Ernst MK; Evans ST; Techner JM; Rothbaum RM; Christensen LF; Onay UV; Biyashev D; Demczuk MM; Nguyen CV; Honda KS; McCormick TS; Tsoi LC; Gudjonsson JE; Cooper KD; Lu KQ · JCI insight · 2023
    Randomized trial28 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  43. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
    Bychinin MV; Klypa TV; Mandel IA; Yusubalieva GM; Baklaushev VP; Kolyshkina NA; Troitsky AV · Scientific reports · 2022
    Randomized trial110 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  44. Current opinion on the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory infections and asthma/COPD exacerbations: A need to establish publication guidelines for overcoming the unpublished data.
    Anitua E; Tierno R; Alkhraisat MH · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022
    Meta-analysis50,554 participants65 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  45. Vitamin E supplementation enhances cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly subjects.
    Meydani SN; Barklund MP; Liu S; Meydani M; Miller RA; Cannon JG; Morrow FD; Rocklin R; Blumberg JB · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1990
    Randomized trial32 participantsImmunity forVitamin E
  46. Immunomodulatory effects of palm-derived tocotrienol-rich fraction in healthy volunteers following influenza vaccination: A randomised clinical trial.
    Chen S; Ahmad B; Palanisamy UD; Hafid SRA; Selvaduray KR; Radhakrishnan AK · Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2026
    Randomized trial150 participantsImmunity forVitamin E
  47. Effects of supplementation with tocotrienol-rich fraction on immune response to tetanus toxoid immunization in normal healthy volunteers.
    Mahalingam D; Radhakrishnan AK; Amom Z; Ibrahim N; Nesaretnam K · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2011
    Randomized trialImmunity forVitamin E
  48. Vitamin E and beta-carotene supplementation and hospital-treated pneumonia incidence in male smokers.
    Hemilä H; Virtamo J; Albanes D; Kaprio J · Chest · 2004
    Randomized trial29,133 participantsImmunity forVitamin E
  49. Vitamin E supplementation and in vivo immune response in healthy elderly subjects. A randomized controlled trial.
    Meydani SN; Meydani M; Blumberg JB; Leka LS; Siber G; Loszewski R; Thompson C; Pedrosa MC; Diamond RD; Stollar BD · JAMA · 1997
    Randomized trial88 participantsImmunity forVitamin E
  50. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Vlieg-Boerstra B; de Jong N; Meyer R; Agostoni C; De Cosmi V; Grimshaw K; Milani GP; Muraro A; Oude Elberink H; Pali-Schöll I; Roduit C; Sasaki M; Skypala I; Sokolowska M; van Splunter M; Untersmayr E; Venter C; O'Mahony L; Nwaru BI · Allergy · 2022
    Meta-analysis199,055 participants115 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  51. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Jalla S; Mazumdar S; Sinha A; Bhan MK · Pediatrics · 1998
    Randomized trial609 participantsImmunity forZinc
  52. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children.
    Rerksuppaphol S; Rerksuppaphol L · Pediatric reports · 2020
    Randomized trial64 participantsImmunity forZinc
  53. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population.
    Fortes C; Forastiere F; Agabiti N; Fano V; Pacifici R; Virgili F; Piras G; Guidi L; Bartoloni C; Tricerri A; Zuccaro P; Ebrahim S; Perucci CA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1998
    Randomized trial136 participantsImmunity forZinc
  54. The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.
    Vecchietti A; Strano P; Minutolo G; Grieco V; Cappuccio G; Granvillano G; Confalonieri L; Briganti GL; Raso E; Chimienti M; Pellegrini M; Mercogliano M; Spatari G; Lugli C; Urbano T; Lorenzon A · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  55. Efficacy and Tolerability of Topical 0.1% Stabilized Bioactive Retinol for Photoaging: A Vehicle-Controlled Integrated Analysis.
    Farris P; Berson D; Bhatia N; Goldberg D; Lain E; Mariwalla K; Zeichner J; Miller D; McGuire T; Kizoulis M · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2024
    Meta-analysis471 participants6 studies pooledSkin Health forVitamin A
  56. Tensile properties and contours of aging facial skin. A controlled double-blind comparative study of the effects of retinol, melibiose-lactose and their association.
    Piérard-Franchimont C; Castelli D; Cromphaut IV; Bertin C; Ries G; Cauwenbergh G; Piérard GE · Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2016
    Randomized trial120 participantsSkin Health forVitamin A
  57. Antiaging action of retinol: from molecular to clinical.
    Bellemère G; Stamatas GN; Bruère V; Bertin C; Issachar N; Oddos T · Skin pharmacology and physiology · 2009
    Randomized trial48 participantsSkin Health forVitamin A
  58. An Updated Review of Topical Tretinoin in Dermatology: From Acne and Photoaging to Skin Cancer.
    Balado-Simó P; Morgado-Carrasco D; Gómez-Armayones S; López-Ferrer A; Barco D; Ferrándiz-Pulido C; Podlipnik S · Journal of clinical medicine · 2025
    Narrative reviewSkin Health forVitamin A
  59. Novel Cyclized Hexapeptide-9 Outperforms Retinol Against Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Active- and Vehicle-Controlled Clinical Trial.
    Chang H; Tao K; Yang Y; Wang Y; Ge M; Wang X; Tang S; Yu H · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025
    Randomized trialSkin Health forVitamin A
  60. Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of an ascorbic acid-loaded dissolving microneedle patch via a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.
    Lee C; Yang H; Kim S; Kim M; Kang H; Kim N; An S; Koh J; Jung H · International journal of cosmetic science · 2017
    Randomized trial23 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  61. Comparative Study on the Outcome of Periorbital Wrinkles Treated with Laser-Assisted Delivery of Vitamin C or Vitamin C Plus Growth Factors: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial.
    Machado BHB; Frame J; Zhang J; Najlah M · Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021
    Randomized trial149 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  62. Randomized trial of topical ascorbic acid in DMSO versus imiquimod for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
    Burke B; Bailie JE · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022
    Randomized trial25 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  63. Vitamin C improves healing of foot ulcers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Gunton JE; Girgis CM; Lau T; Vicaretti M; Begg L; Flood V · The British journal of nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial16 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  64. Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women.
    Cosgrove MC; Franco OH; Granger SP; Murray PG; Mayes AE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2007
    Cross-sectional study4,025 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  65. Randomized controlled trial using vitamins E and D supplementation in atopic dermatitis.
    Javanbakht MH; Keshavarz SA; Djalali M; Siassi F; Eshraghian MR; Firooz A; Seirafi H; Ehsani AH; Chamari M; Mirshafiey A · The Journal of dermatological treatment · 2011
    Randomized trial45 participantsSkin Health forVitamin E
  66. Serum vitamin E levels and chronic inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Liu X; Yang G; Luo M; Lan Q; Shi X; Deng H; Wang N; Xu X; Zhang C · PloS one · 2022
    Meta-analysis20 studies pooledSkin Health forVitamin E
  67. Evidence-Based Nutritional Interventions in Wound Care.
    Saeg F; Orazi R; Bowers GM; Janis JE · Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2021
    Systematic review2,339 participants36 studies pooledSkin Health forVitamin E Skin Health forZinc
  68. Effects of tocotrienol on aging skin: A systematic review.
    Ghazali NI; Mohd Rais RZ; Makpol S; Chin KY; Yap WN; Goon JA · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022
    Systematic reviewSkin Health forVitamin E
  69. Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light-induced erythema in humans.
    Stahl W; Heinrich U; Jungmann H; Sies H; Tronnier H · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2000
    Randomized trialSkin Health forVitamin E
  70. Sex-related differences in response to zinc pyrithione shampoo vs. non-anti-dandruff shampoo.
    Collins LZ; Baines FL; Matheson JR; Turner GA; Diao Y; Li Y; Pi Y · International journal of cosmetic science · 2019
    Meta-analysis2,088 participants20 studies pooledSkin Health forZinc
  71. Maintenance of an Acidic Skin Surface with a Novel Zinc Lactobionate Emollient Preparation Improves Skin Barrier Function in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.
    Andrew PV; Pinnock A; Poyner A; Brown K; Chittock J; Kay LJ; Cork MJ; Danby SG · Dermatology and therapy · 2024
    Cohort study23 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  72. Spatial expression of metallothionein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and Ki-67 in human epidermal wounds treated with zinc and determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry: A randomised double-blind trial.
    Ågren MS; Chafranska L; Eriksen JO; Forman JL; Bjerrum MJ; Schjerling P; Larsen HF; Cottarelli E; Jorgensen LN; Gjerdrum LMR · European journal of cell biology · 2021
    Randomized trial30 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  73. A pilot trial using topical regular crystalline insulin vs. aqueous zinc solution for uncomplicated cutaneous wound healing: Impact on quality of life.
    Attia EA; Belal DM; El Samahy MH; El Hamamsy MH · Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2014
    Randomized trial90 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  74. Dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid rich fish oil increases circulating levels of testosterone in overweight and obese men.
    Abbott K; Burrows TL; Acharya S; Thota RN; Garg ML · Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · 2021
    Randomized trial61 participantsTestosterone Support forFish Oil
  75. Fish oil produces an atherogenic lipid profile in hypertensive men.
    Hughes GS; Ringer TV; Watts KC; DeLoof MJ; Francom SF; Spillers CR · Atherosclerosis · 1991
    Randomized trial26 participantsTestosterone Support forFish Oil
  76. Associations of Fish Oil Supplement Use With Testicular Function in Young Men.
    Jensen TK; Priskorn L; Holmboe SA; Nassan FL; Andersson AM; Dalgård C; Petersen JH; Chavarro JE; Jørgensen N · JAMA network open · 2020
    Cross-sectional study1,679 participantsTestosterone Support forFish Oil
  77. Effect of Two Different Doses of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Insulin-Resistant Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
    Jamilian M; Foroozanfard F; Rahmani E; Talebi M; Bahmani F; Asemi Z · Nutrients · 2018
    Randomized trial90 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  78. Androgens and hirsutism score of overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome improved after vitamin D treatment: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.
    Al-Bayyari N; Al-Domi H; Zayed F; Hailat R; Eaton A · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2021
    Randomized trial60 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  79. Association between plasma 25-OH vitamin D and testosterone levels in men.
    Nimptsch K; Platz EA; Willett WC; Giovannucci E · Clinical endocrinology · 2012
    Case-control study1,362 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  80. Causal Link Between Vitamin D and Total Testosterone in Men: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
    Chen C; Zhai H; Cheng J; Weng P; Chen Y; Li Q; Wang C; Xia F; Wang N; Lu Y · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020
    Other4,254 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  81. Associations of vitamin D status and vitamin D-related polymorphisms with sex hormones in older men.
    Rafiq R; van Schoor NM; Sohl E; Zillikens MC; Oosterwerff MM; Schaap L; Lips P; de Jongh RT · The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2017
    Cohort study643 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  82. Environmental exposure to metals and male reproductive hormones: circulating testosterone is inversely associated with blood molybdenum.
    Meeker JD; Rossano MG; Protas B; Padmanahban V; Diamond MP; Puscheck E; Daly D; Paneth N; Wirth JJ · Fertility and sterility · 2010
    Cross-sectional study219 participantsTestosterone Support forZinc
  83. Nonpharmacological Interventions for the Management of Testosterone and Sperm Parameters: A Scoping Review.
    Santos HO; Cadegiani FA; Forbes SC · Clinical therapeutics · 2022
    Scoping reviewTestosterone Support forZinc
  84. Zinc is an Essential Element for Male Fertility: A Review of Zn Roles in Men's Health, Germination, Sperm Quality, and Fertilization.
    Fallah A; Mohammad-Hasani A; Colagar AH · Journal of reproduction & infertility · 2020
    Narrative reviewTestosterone Support forZinc
  85. Clinical, endocrinological and biochemical effects of zinc deficiency.
    Prasad AS · Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism · 1986
    Narrative reviewTestosterone Support forZinc
  86. Clinical, endocrinologic, and biochemical effects of zinc deficiency.
    Prasad AS · Special topics in endocrinology and metabolism · 1986
    Narrative reviewTestosterone Support forZinc