Lifestyle changes
Stay regularly active within your ability and break up long periods of sitting. Avoid smoking, support consistent sleep, and follow the measurements and appointments in your cardiovascular plan.
Cardiovascular Support
Cardiovascular support brings attention to how blood moves through the body and how the heart and blood vessels meet changing demands. Healthy circulation depends on coordinated muscle activity, flexible vessel responses, and an appropriate balance of nutrients and fluids. These processes support both everyday function and longer-term cardiovascular wellbeing. Different ingredients relate to different parts of that system. Some are used in a cholesterol-focused nutritional plan, others contribute to normal muscle or energy processes, and circulation-focused compounds have more specific roles in blood-vessel signaling. Their relevance depends on your priorities and how they fit alongside existing care. A focused approach helps connect those choices with useful information. Blood-pressure readings, lipid measurements, and your broader health circumstances can guide which areas deserve attention. Keeping the routine tied to a clear purpose makes it easier to review the whole picture and maintain support that suits your cardiovascular needs.
Warnings
- Check medicine interactions: Ask a pharmacist or clinician to review your exact products alongside your medicines. The ingredient, amount, and treatment determine which combinations are suitable.
- Check potassium suitability: Potassium supplements can be unsafe with kidney disease or medicines that raise blood potassium. Do not add them simply for cramps, energy, or circulation without checking whether they are appropriate.
- Niacin flushing and high doses: Niacin can cause flushing, and high doses can have more serious adverse effects. Do not use the sensation as a measure of effectiveness or take high-dose niacin to manage cholesterol without clinical guidance.
- Take fiber products as directed: Follow the product directions for fluids and medicine spacing. Get advice first if you have swallowing difficulties, possible bowel obstruction, or a condition that limits fluid intake.
Ingredient overview
Goal guidance
Diet changes
Emphasize fiber-rich plants and sources of unsaturated fat. Consider sodium intake and keep dietary changes practical enough to maintain alongside your existing care plan.
Who this is for
Adults focusing on circulation, vascular health, or nutritional support within an established cardiovascular routine.
Who should be careful
Review products with anticoagulants, blood-pressure medicines, or medicines affecting potassium, especially with kidney disease or planned surgery. New chest pain, fainting, or significant breathlessness needs prompt care.
Expected timeline
Use relevant measurements and an agreed review schedule to assess progress. Long-term cardiovascular support depends on the routine as a whole, alongside the effects of individual ingredients.
Common mistakes
Combining several circulation or blood-pressure products can create unwanted overlap. Review the whole routine, including medicines, and use measurements to guide decisions.
Ingredients
Arginine Amino Acids
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose2–9 g / day
L-Arginine is a critical substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible for producing nitric oxide (NO). NO is a potent vasodilator, meaning it helps relax and widen blood vessels. This improved vasodilation supports healthy blood pressure, enhances circulation throughout the body, and contributes to overall cardiovascular well-being.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Individuals seeking to support healthy blood pressure and blood vessel function, particularly if baseline vessel dilation is impaired.
Potential benefits
- Blood Pressure Reduction.Meta-analyses of clinical trials indicate that oral arginine can significantly lower 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels.
- Improved Vessel Dilation.Supplementation may enhance flow-mediated dilation, a measure of how well blood vessels relax, especially in individuals with low baseline vascular function.
- Triglyceride Support.Research suggests that arginine can help reduce serum triglyceride levels, although it does not consistently improve overall cholesterol profiles.
Limitations
- Inconsistent Vascular Benefits.Improvement in blood vessel function is often absent in healthy individuals or those with specific conditions like Type 1 diabetes or chronic renal failure.
- No Proven Event Prevention.Clinical trials have not demonstrated that arginine supplementation reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks or strokes.
- Context-Dependent Results.The impact on nitric oxide markers and blood flow varies significantly across different populations and dosages, with several studies showing no effect.
Things to consider
Use with caution if you have significant cardiovascular risk factors; some research suggests it may impair microvascular function in older adults or increase risks following a heart attack.
Study evidence
47 studiesArginine may lower blood pressure and improve some measures of blood vessel function, particularly when function is impaired. However, results vary, protection against cardiovascular events is unproven, and adverse findings in people with cardiovascular risk prevent a broad claim of benefit.
Coenzyme Q-10 Other Nutrients
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose100–300 mg / day
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a critical component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which generates cellular energy (ATP). The heart has a very high concentration of mitochondria and is highly dependent on CoQ10. Supplementation supports cardiac energy, improves heart function, and can help offset CoQ10 depletion caused by statin medications.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Individuals managing chronic heart failure or seeking to support cardiovascular risk factors alongside conventional medical treatment.
Potential benefits
- Heart Failure Adjunct.High-quality evidence suggests that when added to standard therapy for chronic heart failure, CoQ10 may reduce major adverse cardiovascular events and lower both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
- Vascular Function Support.Supplementation has been shown to improve endothelial health and blood vessel dilation in patients with coronary artery disease and metabolic dysfunction, potentially by reducing oxidative stress.
- Lipid Profile Modulation.Meta-analyses indicate that CoQ10 can modestly reduce total cholesterol and LDL levels while slightly increasing HDL, particularly in populations with diabetes or coronary artery disease.
Limitations
- Inconsistent Blood Pressure Effects.While some meta-analyses show systolic blood pressure reduction in metabolic conditions, comprehensive reviews of primary hypertension have found no clinically significant effect.
- Variable Lipid Response.Benefits for triglycerides and specific lipid markers like Lp(a) are inconsistent across trials, with several high-quality studies showing no significant improvement.
- General Population Uncertainty.Large-scale cohort data indicates that CoQ10 use is not associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality in the general population, suggesting benefits may be limited to specific clinical groups.
Things to consider
CoQ10 is an adjunctive supplement and should never replace prescribed medications for heart failure or hypertension. While often used to offset statin-related depletion, evidence that it provides additional anti-inflammatory protection for statin users is currently mixed.
Study evidence
89 studiesCoenzyme Q-10 shows promise as an addition to usual treatment for chronic heart failure, including fewer serious cardiovascular events in some research. Its effects on blood pressure and cholesterol are inconsistent, and these findings do not establish broad heart protection for otherwise healthy people.
Fish Oil Fatty Acids
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose500–2000 EPA+DHA mg / day
Rich in the Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, which are integral to cell membranes throughout the body. They have extensive clinical evidence for improving lipid profiles (especially triglycerides), reducing systemic inflammation, and supporting endothelial function, which is critical for blood vessel health.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Adults seeking to manage elevated triglycerides or support heart health, particularly those with low dietary fish intake.
Potential benefits
- Triglyceride Management.Consistently shown to lower serum triglyceride levels by 10% to 30%, with the most significant effects observed in individuals with elevated baseline levels.
- Coronary Risk Reduction.Meta-analyses suggest supplementation is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease mortality.
- Vascular Function Support.May improve arterial health by modestly reducing pulse wave velocity, a measure of arterial stiffness, particularly at lower doses over shorter durations.
Limitations
- Inconsistent Primary Prevention.Large-scale trials in healthy general populations have not consistently demonstrated a reduction in total major cardiovascular events or stroke.
- Potential LDL Elevation.While lowering triglycerides, some studies observe a slight increase in LDL cholesterol concentrations, which may require monitoring.
- Baseline Intake Influence.Cardiovascular benefits appear more pronounced in individuals who do not regularly consume fish, with less clear impact for those with high dietary intake.
Things to consider
Regular use may be associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation in individuals without pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
Study evidence
185 studiesFish Oil reliably lowers elevated triglycerides and may modestly improve some cardiovascular outcomes, but broad prevention benefits are inconsistent. Effects depend on the population and formulation; some studies also report higher LDL cholesterol or an association with atrial fibrillation.
Magnesium Minerals
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose200–400 mg / day
Magnesium is a cofactor in hundreds of enzymatic reactions, including those vital for cardiovascular health. It helps maintain the electrical stability of heart cells, counteracts calcium to promote vasodilation (blood vessel relaxation), and improves insulin sensitivity, all of which contribute to a healthy cardiovascular system. Deficiency is common and linked to increased cardiovascular risk.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Individuals managing blood pressure or those at higher risk for magnesium deficiency due to metabolic or kidney health concerns.
Potential benefits
- Blood Pressure Management.Meta-analyses suggest that magnesium supplementation can lead to modest reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with more significant effects observed at doses of 400 mg or higher over at least 12 weeks.
- Support for Metabolic Markers.In individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, magnesium may improve insulin sensitivity, post-meal glucose levels, and HDL cholesterol, which are key markers for long-term cardiovascular health.
- Risk Reduction in Deficiency.Unconfirmed. Evidence indicates that correcting low serum magnesium levels is associated with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and sudden cardiac death, particularly in those with confirmed deficiency.
Limitations
- Inconsistent Event Prevention.While associated with risk markers, magnesium supplementation has not been shown to consistently reduce the overall incidence of major cardiovascular events or cardiovascular mortality in general healthy populations.
- Structural Vascular Health.Clinical trials have found that oral magnesium does not significantly slow the progression of vascular calcification in kidney disease patients or improve arterial stiffness in overweight adults.
- Baseline Status Dependency.Cardiovascular benefits from supplementation appear largely restricted to individuals with low baseline magnesium levels, with little to no effect observed in those who already have normal serum concentrations.
Things to consider
Excessive intake can lead to hypermagnesemia, which is linked to increased mortality risk in patients with heart failure or type 2 diabetes. High oral doses are frequently associated with gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea.
Study evidence
123 studiesMagnesium is associated with cardiovascular health, and supplementation may improve some risk-related markers. However, consistent prevention of major cardiovascular events is not established, and findings in specific illnesses do not imply a general protective benefit.
Potassium Minerals
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose99–495 mg / day
Potassium's role in counteracting sodium and maintaining cellular electrical gradients is fundamental to cardiovascular health.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Individuals with hypertension or high dietary sodium intake seeking to manage blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular risk.
Potential benefits
- Blood Pressure Management.Meta-analyses of clinical trials demonstrate that increasing potassium intake effectively lowers systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with the most significant impact observed in individuals with hypertension.
- Stroke Risk Reduction.Large-scale prospective studies and meta-analyses consistently link higher habitual potassium intake with a reduced risk of stroke and major adverse cardiovascular events.
- Vascular Health Support.Potassium may improve endothelial function and flow-mediated dilation, helping to protect blood vessels from the stiffening and damage often associated with high sodium consumption.
Limitations
- Limited Normotensive Benefit.Clinical trials frequently show little to no blood pressure reduction in healthy individuals with already normal blood pressure or those maintaining a low-sodium diet.
- U-Shaped Risk Profile.Both abnormally low and excessively high blood potassium levels are associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular events, indicating that balance is more critical than high-dose supplementation.
- Variable Supplement Effects.While potassium from food sources is strongly linked to heart health, results from trials using specific potassium supplements are mixed and sometimes fail to show vascular improvements.
Things to consider
Excessive potassium intake can lead to hyperkalemia, a potentially fatal condition affecting heart rhythm. This risk is significantly higher for individuals with chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or those using medications like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or potassium-sparing diuretics.
Study evidence
117 studiesIncreasing potassium intake can lower blood pressure, particularly in people with hypertension, and higher dietary intake is associated with fewer cardiovascular events. Benefits depend on context: supplementation is not consistently effective, and excessive blood potassium can be dangerous, especially when potassium excretion is impaired.
Psyllium fiber Botanicals
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose5–15 g / day
Psyllium is a highly viscous soluble fiber that forms a gel in the intestines. This gel effectively traps bile acids, preventing their reabsorption and compelling the liver to draw cholesterol from the bloodstream to synthesize new bile acids. This direct mechanism is a powerful and well-established method for reducing LDL cholesterol levels, making it a foundational supplement for lipid management.
- Focuses on
- Most relevant for
- Individuals seeking to manage cholesterol through fiber supplementation, although evidence for this specific goal was not provided in the linked research.
Potential benefits
- LDL Cholesterol Management.Unconfirmed. Psyllium is suggested to help lower LDL cholesterol by binding bile acids, though this goal benefit is unproven as no research was provided.
- Bile Acid Sequestration.Unconfirmed. The formation of a viscous gel may trap bile acids to support heart health, but this mechanism is not confirmed by the supplied research.
Limitations
- Lack of Direct Evidence.No clinical studies or research summaries were provided to verify the efficacy of psyllium for cardiovascular support.
- Narrow Scope.The discussed mechanism is limited to cholesterol absorption and does not account for other cardiovascular factors like blood pressure.
Study evidence
No published studies for this goal yet.
Studies
Explore published research for this goal.
Sources
Up to five highest-ranked published examples per ingredient. Study counts and charts include all published studies for the connection.
- Reassessment of the effect of oral l-arginine on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
- Effect of Long-Term L-Arginine Supplementation on Arterial Compliance and Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Multiple Cardiovascular risk Factors: Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.
- Increase in fasting vascular endothelial function after short-term oral L-arginine is effective when baseline flow-mediated dilation is low: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- L-arginine improves endothelial function and reduces LDL oxidation in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
- Oral L-Arginine Administration Improves Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices Associated With Cardiovascular Diseases in Obese Patients: A Randomized, Single Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial.
- Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Six-month supplementation with high dose coenzyme Q10 improves liver steatosis, endothelial, vascular and myocardial function in patients with metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial.
- [Coenzyme Q-10 in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: systematic review and meta-analysis].
- Effect of coenzyme Q10 in Europeans with chronic heart failure: A sub-group analysis of the Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind trial.
- Marine Omega-3 Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 13 Randomized Controlled Trials Involving 127 477 Participants.
- Impact of omega-3 fatty acids on hypertriglyceridemia, lipidomics, and gut microbiome in patients with type 2 diabetes.
- A systematic review of fish-oil supplements for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
- Effects of fish oil-derived fatty acids on suboptimal cardiovascular health: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- Effect of High-Dose Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
- Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
- Magnesium and the risk of cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
- Quantitative Association Between Serum/Dietary Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease/Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
- Comparative Efficacy of Nutraceuticals on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
- Serum magnesium, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Sex-specific associations between sodium and potassium intake and overall and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective U.S. cohort study, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis of cohort studies.
- Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies.
- Blood pressure response to changes in sodium and potassium intake: a metaregression analysis of randomised trials.
- Twenty-Four-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Their Associations With Blood Pressure Among Adults in China: Baseline Survey of Action on Salt China.
- Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake and Risk of Non-Fatal Cardiovascular Diseases: The Million Veteran Program.
- A Randomized Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation on Vascular Function in CKD.
- Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial on the contributions of vitamin D in the control of cardiovascular risk factors, depressive symptoms and suicide risk.
- Dose responses of vitamin D3 supplementation on arterial stiffness in overweight African Americans with vitamin D deficiency: A placebo controlled randomized trial.
- Paricalcitol and endothelial function in chronic kidney disease trial.
- Vitamin K Intake and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Study.
- Menaquinone-7 supplementation improves arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women. A double-blind randomised clinical trial.
- Effects of One-Year Menaquinone-7 Supplementation on Vascular Stiffness and Blood Pressure in Post-Menopausal Women.
- Dietary Vitamin K1 Intake and Incident Aortic Valve Stenosis.
- Association between vitamin K1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort.
- Astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant, lowers cholesterol and markers of cardiovascular risk in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia.
- Antioxidant Lipid Supplement on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Administration of natural astaxanthin increases serum HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin in subjects with mild hyperlipidemia.
- Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Patients With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Astaxanthin Supplemented with High-Intensity Functional Training Decreases Adipokines Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Obesity.
- Does l-citrulline supplementation and watermelon intake reduce blood pressure in middle-aged and older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk.
- l-Citrulline supplementation improves O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise performance in humans.
- Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women.
- Short-term effects of L-citrulline supplementation on arterial stiffness in middle-aged men.
- Effect of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review, and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
- Dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil lowers blood pressure in dyslipidaemic patients.
- Flaxseed reduces total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in Native American postmenopausal women.
- Effect of flaxseed on blood lipid level in hyperlipidemic patients.
- Effects of flaxseed on blood pressure, body mass index, and total cholesterol in hypertensive patients: A randomized clinical trial.
- Associations of dietary folate, vitamin B6 and B12 intake with cardiovascular outcomes in 115664 participants: a large UK population-based cohort.
- Folate, Homocysteine, and Adverse Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke.
- Effect of folic acid on endothelial function following acute myocardial infarction.
- Folic acid enhances endothelial function and reduces blood pressure in smokers: a randomized controlled trial.
- 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the active form of folic acid, restores endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia.
- Real world effectiveness of Hawthorn special extract WS 1442 in a retrospective cohort study from Germany.
- Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Clinically Significantly Reduces Blood Pressure in Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials.
- A randomised double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of a standardised extract of fresh Crataegus berries (Crataegisan) in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure NYHA II.
- [Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442. Assessment of objective effectiveness in patients with heart failure (NYHA II)].
- Prospective, comparative cohort studies and their contribution to the benefit assessments of therapeutic options: heart failure treatment with and without Hawthorn special extract WS 1442.
- L-Carnitine supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes.
- L-Carnitine's Effect on the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- The Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- The Effects of L-Carnitine on Echocardiographic Changes in Patients With β-Thalassemia Major and Intermedia.
- Efficacy and tolerability of combined treatment with L-carnitine and simvastatin in lowering lipoprotein(a) serum levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Effects of lycopene intake on HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
- Improvement of vascular endothelial function by intake of lycopene-rich tomato juice in healthy adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparative study.
- Tomato and lycopene supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Lycopene and tomato and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence.
- Lycopene and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis of observational studies.
- The current state of niacin in cardiovascular disease prevention: a systematic review and meta-regression.
- Effects of niacin on apo A1 and B levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
- Effect of lipid-lowering therapies on lipoprotein(a) levels: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Extended-release niacin vs gemfibrozil for the treatment of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Niaspan-Gemfibrozil Study Group.
- Equivalent efficacy of a time-release form of niacin (Niaspan) given once-a-night versus plain niacin in the management of hyperlipidemia.
- Effect of supplementation with high-selenium yeast on plasma lipids: a randomized trial.
- Association of selenium and cadmium with heart failure and mortality based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
- Higher serum selenium concentration is associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: A population-based cohort study of NHANES.
- Selenium status in the body and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
- Taurine Supplementation Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Vascular Function in Prehypertension: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
- Taurine ameliorates blood pressure and vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- Taurine reduces the risk for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Effects of Oral Taurine Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
- The effects of taurine supplementation on glycemic control and serum lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- Vitamin B12 Status and Cardiovascular Risk: Novel Insights from NMR-Based Lipoprotein Profiling in 20,665 Adults.
- Pregnancy Metal Mixtures and Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Mid-Life: A Prospective U.S. Cohort Study.
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Hyperhomocysteinemia, and Diabetes as Metabolic Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk in Mexican Women.
- Impact of serum vitamin (Vitamin D, Vitamin B12) and trace element (Fe, Zn, Cu) levels on major adverse cardiovascular events and poor prognosis in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.
- Vasoplegic syndrome after cardiovascular surgery: A review of pathophysiology and outcome-oriented therapeutic management.
- Association between serum pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels and all-cause, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular disease in adults: a population-based cohort study.
- Folate and vitamin B6 rapidly normalize endothelial dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Pyridoxine improves endothelial function in cardiac transplant recipients.
- Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women.
- Efficacy and safety of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (MC-1) in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the MEND-CABG II randomized clinical trial.
- Vitamin C may reduce troponin and CKMB levels after PCI and CABG: a meta-analysis.
- Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by restoring nitric oxide activity in essential hypertension.
- Vitamin C supplementation improves blood pressure and oxidative stress after acute exercise in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.
- Vascular benefits of vitamin C supplementation against fine particulate air pollution in healthy adults: A double-blind randomised crossover trial.
- Ascorbic acid reduces blood pressure and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.
- Supplementation with vitamin E alone is associated with reduced myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis.
- Vitamin E ameliorates blood cholesterol level and alters gut microbiota composition: A randomized controlled trial.
- Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial.
- Independent and combined associations of dietary antioxidant exposure with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population.
- Tocotrienol rich fraction supplementation improved lipid profile and oxidative status in healthy older adults: A randomized controlled study.
- Carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides improve dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- l-Carnosine supplementation attenuated fasting glucose, triglycerides, advanced glycation end products, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.
- Carnosine-Enriched Chicken Meat Improves Microvascular Function and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome.
- Effect of carnosine supplementation on lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and insulin resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term randomized controlled trials.
- Effect of L-Carnosine in Patients with Age-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Efficacy and safety of turmeric and curcumin in lowering blood lipid levels in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Effects of nanocurcumin supplementation on metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- The Effects of Curcumin on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profiles Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Nano-curcumin improves glucose indices, lipids, inflammation, and Nesfatin in overweight and obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
- Curcumin Nanomicelle Improves Lipid Profile, Stress Oxidative Factors and Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing Coronary Elective Angioplasty; A Randomized Clinical Trial.
- A green tea extract high in catechins reduces body fat and cardiovascular risks in humans.
- The effects of green tea supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Effect of Green Tea on Blood Pressure in Healthy Individuals: A Meta-Analysis.
- Effects of green tea on lipid profile in overweight and obese women.
- Green tea consumption and risk of cardiovascular and ischemic related diseases: A meta-analysis.
- Consumption of a grape extract supplement containing resveratrol decreases oxidized LDL and ApoB in patients undergoing primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a triple-blind, 6-month follow-up, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.
- Resveratrol improves lipid profile and recovers heart function in postoperative CABG patients.
- Resveratrol Supplementation and its Potential Benefits in Obesity-related Non-communicable Diseases.
- Chronic resveratrol consumption improves brachial flow-mediated dilatation in healthy obese adults.
- Effect of resveratrol supplementation on lipid profile in subjects with dyslipidemia: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- The effects of rutin flavonoid supplement on glycemic status, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), some serum inflammatory, and oxidative stress factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- The effects of rutin supplement on blood pressure markers, some serum antioxidant enzymes, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with placebo.
- Interventions for varicosities and leg oedema in pregnancy.
- HR (Paroven, Venoruton; 0-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides) in venous hypertensive microangiopathy: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial
- Effect of cocoa and theobromine consumption on serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations: a randomized controlled trial.
- The Effect of Theobromine Supplementation on HDL-c Subclasses (HDL-c2, HDL-c3), HDL-c2/HDL-c3 Ratio, and Gene Expression of PPAR-α and Sirt1 in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
- Relationships between consumption of theobromine in cocoa products and cardiovascular risk factors in 2015-2020 National health and nutrition examination survey.
- The acute effects on duodenal gene expression in healthy men following consumption of a low-fat meal enriched with theobromine or fat.
- Theobromine supplementation in combination with a low-calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.