Product Image

50 & Wiser Women

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
4.8
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(4408 ratings)
Manganese 2.3 mg
Selenium 55 mcg
Molybdenum 45 mcg
Boron 1 mg
Vitamin K 72 mcg
Product Image
Score65

A broad iron-free multivitamin for older women with useful vitamin forms. Missing major minerals and opaque blends limit focused benefit.

How scoring works
Quantity:240 Capsule(s) • (60 servings)
Goals:
General Health
Immunity
Bone Health

Score 65

A broad iron-free multivitamin for older women with useful vitamin forms. Missing major minerals and opaque blends limit focused benefit.

How scoring works

Also available as

1 option
120 servings 4 Capsule(s) • 120 Capsule(s) • 30 servings $34.29 ($1.14 per serving)
$55.42($0.92 per serving)
Walmart
$ 55.42
iHerb
$ 60.89
Vitacost
$ 60.89
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Analysis

The serving provides 50 mcg vitamin D3, natural vitamin E, vitamin K1, 80 mcg methylcobalamin, zinc, selenium, manganese, chromium, and molybdenum. The iron-free design may fit many postmenopausal users.

A 706 mg fruit and vegetable blend and 40 mg probiotic and enzyme blend do not disclose individual amounts. CoQ10 at 425 mcg, boron at 1 mg, and MK-4 at 20 mcg are modest or token additions.

Four capsules provide broad micronutrients but no calcium or magnesium. The formula fits general maintenance better than complete bone-health support.

Who is it for
  • Women over 50 seeking iron-free coverage
  • People wanting vitamin D3 and methylcobalamin
  • Users comfortable with four capsules
Best for
  • General micronutrient maintenance
  • Vitamin D and trace-mineral coverage
  • Iron-free supplementation

Pros

  • Uses vitamin D3
  • Uses methylcobalamin
  • Natural vitamin E
  • Chelated trace minerals
  • Iron-free

Cons

  • Four capsules
  • No calcium or magnesium
  • Blends lack individual doses
  • Token CoQ10 and MK-4
  • Limited targeted bone support

Warnings

  • Vitamin K can interfere with warfarin and related vitamin K antagonists
  • Kelp-derived iodine may matter for thyroid conditions
  • Probiotic and enzyme blends may cause digestive intolerance
  • The iron-free formula cannot address an identified iron need

Nutrient quality

75 High impact

The formula covers many daily nutrients but has a material dose or coverage weakness. Useful forms remain present, while small extras and vague blends do not correct the gap.

Ingredient transparency

63 Moderate impact

Main vitamin and mineral amounts are shown, but one or more blends hide their components. Complete inactive ingredients and full use directions are also not supplied.

Customer satisfaction

72 High impact

The aggregate satisfaction signal is strong and the supplied volume is substantial. No specific experience details are supplied to assess repeated complaints or purpose-related outcomes.

Value for money

49 Lower impact

Broad coverage partly supports the market position, but the serving value is weak. Opaque blends and token specialty ingredients reduce competitiveness.

Report analysis

Goals

General Health
General Health
Impact
Highest effect
A Goal FitB Strength of SupportA- CoverageB- Formula Quality
Folate · 400 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 80 mcgVitamin D · 50 mcgVitamin K · 20 mcgBoron · 1 mgSelenium · 55 mcgZinc · 7.7 mgVitamin C · 90 mg

A broad multivitamin and mineral panel supports daily nutrient coverage, energy metabolism, immune function, and antioxidant defenses. Vitamin D3, methylcobalamin, zinc, selenium, and the wider B-vitamin panel provide the strongest foundational value.

Several yeast or rice-derived mineral forms remain chemically vague, and CoQ10, boron, and the smaller blends are lightly dosed. It offers wide coverage for its intended older-adult audience, but the crowded formula does not provide equal depth across every pathway.

Study evidence
Boron Supportive 6 studies
Selenium Supportive 70 studies
Zinc Supportive 60 studies
Immunity
Immunity
Impact
Highest effect
A- Goal FitB Strength of SupportB+ CoverageB- Formula Quality
Vitamin C · 90 mgZinc · 7.7 mgVitamin A · 1080 mcgVitamin D · 50 mcgSelenium · 55 mcg

A broad micronutrient base includes vitamins A, C, and D plus zinc and selenium for immune barrier and cell support. The higher vitamin D amount is a notable immune-relevant strength.

Vitamin D and selenium are substantial, while vitamin C and zinc provide moderate contributions and the small immune blend adds little depth. Fruit, probiotic, enzyme, and immune blends add breadth but several are too small or underdisclosed to confirm practical value.

Study evidence
Selenium Mixed 37 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 85 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Bone Health
Bone Health
Impact
Moderate effect
C+ Goal FitC Strength of SupportD+ CoverageD Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 20 mcgVitamin D · 50 mcgManganese · 2.3 mgBoron · 1 mgZinc · 7.7 mgVitamin C · 90 mg

Vitamin D3, vitamin K forms, manganese, zinc, and boron cover several bone-related functions. The formula still lacks calcium, magnesium, and protein-matrix support.

Vitamin D3 is strong, but the MK-4 and boron amounts are modest for targeted use. A broad multivitamin profile makes the skeletal contribution useful but secondary.

Study evidence
Boron Supportive 5 studies
Manganese Adverse 12 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 78 studies
Zinc Supportive 33 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
 1080 mcg
Vitamin C (S. cerevisiae)
 90 mg
Vitamin D (D3)
 50 mcg
Vitamin E (D-Alpha-Tocopherol)
 15 mg
Vitamin K (K1)
 72 mcg
Thiamin (S. cerevisiae)
 3.24 mg
Riboflavin (S. cerevisiae)
 3.12 mg
Niacin (Niacinamide)
 16 mg
Vitamin B6 (S. cerevisiae)
 3.4 mg
Folate (S. cerevisiae)
 400 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin)
 80 mcg
Biotin (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 30 mcg
Pantothenic Acid (S. cerevisiae)
 10 mg
Iodine (organic Sea Kelp)
 75 mcg
Zinc (Brown Rice Chelate)
 7.7 mg
Selenium (S. cerevisiae)
 55 mcg
Manganese (Brown Rice Chelate)
 2.3 mg
Chromium (S. cerevisiae)
 35 mcg
Molybdenum (S. cerevisiae)
 45 mcg
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-4)
 20 mcg
CoQ10
425 mcg
Boron (S. cerevisiae)
 1 mg
Vanadium (S. cerevisiae)
 10 mcg
Raw Organic Fruit & Vegetable Blend
706 mg
Raw Probiotic & Enzyme Blend
40 mg
RAW Antioxidant & Immune Support Complex
20 mg
Gluten Free Kosher Dairy Free Women 50+
Report overview
Manganese (Brown Rice Chelate) · 2.3 mg OverallScore72
B- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD+ Value

The 2.3 mg manganese amount supports routine nutritional maintenance but falls below the stronger target range for this collection. Brown rice chelate suggests a potentially useful chelated source, though the precise manganese compound is not identified. The serving is expensive for manganese alone, but the broad vitamin and mineral formula adds meaningful value beyond this single nutrient.

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Selenium (S. cerevisiae) · 55 mcg OverallScore69
B+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityB Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

The 55 mcg serving provides a modest maintenance amount but falls below common targeted dosing. Selenium-enriched yeast offers a food-form matrix with good absorption potential. The label identifies yeast but gives no branded ingredient or specific selenium compound. Standardized cost for a full selenium dose is high, although the multinutrient formula provides value beyond selenium.

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Molybdenum (S. cerevisiae) · 45 mcg OverallScore50
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityC Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD+ Value

The molybdenum amount is below the collection target, and the yeast-based form lacks the chemical and branded-source detail needed to confirm high bioavailability. The high serving cost is partly supported by riboflavin and a broad range of other nutrients, but the formula is not cost-efficient for molybdenum alone. Vitamin K may alter warfarin management, so people using warfarin should keep intake consistent and follow their prescriber’s guidance.

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Loading alternative details
90 Performance

Women Over 55 One Daily

MegaFood
<p>Stronger ingredient quality and focus come from a simpler design: a one-daily formula with thoughtful vitamin forms, manganese, and molybdenum provides focused coverage for older women. Vitamin K is limited to K1, several major minerals are absent, and the small phenolic blend is opaque.</p>
77 Performance

50 & Wiser Women

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>Stronger ingredient quality and focus come from a simpler design: broad vitamins, vitamin D3, selenium, manganese, molybdenum, and boron support maintenance needs for older women. Small specialty ingredients and opaque blends add little assessable depth.</p>
76 Performance

Women

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>Stronger ingredient quality and focus come from a simpler design: moderate iron, folate, vitamin D3, zinc, selenium, and broad vitamins provide women-focused coverage. Several nutrient forms and blends remain vague, and the four-capsule serving is demanding.</p>
91 Budget

Women Over 55 One Daily

MegaFood
<p>Better serving value comes with a simpler profile: a one-daily formula with useful vitamin forms, manganese, and molybdenum provides efficient coverage for older women. Vitamin K is limited to K1, several major minerals are absent, and the phenolic blend is not fully detailed.</p>
87 Budget

Raw One For Men

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>Better serving value comes with a simpler profile: a one-capsule formula with vitamin D3, selenium, manganese, molybdenum, and broad vitamins provides focused coverage for men. A zero-value enzyme entry and vague small blends create avoidable label uncertainty. The formula targets men, so its iron and other sex-specific amounts should be checked against individual needs.</p>
91 Budget

Men Over 55 One Daily

MegaFood
<p>Better serving value comes with a simpler profile: a one-daily formula uses useful nutrient forms and balanced maintenance amounts for older men. The small phenolic blend and incomplete inactive-ingredient details leave some uncertainty. The formula targets men, so its iron and other sex-specific amounts should be checked against individual needs.</p>
89 Value

Women Over 55 One Daily

MegaFood
<p>A better balance of nutrient quality, convenience, and cost comes from a simpler design: useful vitamin forms plus strong manganese and molybdenum coverage create a compact older-women formula. Vitamin K is limited to K1, several major minerals are absent, and the phenolic blend lacks detail.</p>
88 Value

Raw One For Men

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>A better balance of nutrient quality, convenience, and cost comes from a simpler design: a compact one-capsule formula with vitamin D3, selenium, manganese, molybdenum, and broad vitamins supports men’s maintenance needs. Small botanical and enzyme blends remain vague, though they do not overwhelm the nutrient base. The formula targets men, so its iron and other sex-specific amounts should be checked against individual needs.</p>
88 Value

Men Over 55 One Daily

MegaFood
<p>A better balance of nutrient quality, convenience, and cost comes from a simpler design: broad vitamins and several useful nutrient forms provide practical one-daily maintenance for older men. Yeast-bound trace minerals are less specific than named chelates, and the phenolic blend adds uncertain value. The formula targets men, so its iron and other sex-specific amounts should be checked against individual needs.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. [Comparative study of the urinary excretion of boron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis].
    José Ramón V; Mora Mora M; Marino Alarcón O; Hernández G; Josefina Linares L; Urdaneta Romero H; Arévalo González E · Investigacion clinica · 2013
    Case-control study45 participantsBone Health forBoron
  2. Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women.
    Nielsen FH; Hunt CD; Mullen LM; Hunt JR · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 1987
    Single-arm trial12 participantsBone Health forBoron
  3. The relationship between boron and magnesium status and bone mineral density in the human: a review.
    Volpe SL; Taper LJ; Meacham S · Magnesium research · 1994
    Narrative reviewBone Health forBoron
  4. Effects of boron supplementation on bone mineral density and dietary, blood, and urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and boron in female athletes.
    Meacham SL; Taper LJ; Volpe SL · Environmental health perspectives · 1995
    Randomized trial28 participantsBone Health forBoron
  5. Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations
    C D Hunt, J L Herbel, F H Nielsen · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 1997
    Non-randomized trial11 participantsBone Health forBoron
  6. Risk of Environmental Chemicals on Bone Fractures Is Independent of Low Bone Mass in US Adults: Insights from 2017 to 2018 NHANES.
    Ling R; Ai Y; Chen C; Zhang J; Zou Z; Cheng S; Li C; Li X; Wang B · Metabolites · 2023
    Cross-sectional study2,640 participantsBone Health forManganese
  7. The Manganese-Bone Connection: Investigating the Role of Manganese in Bone Health.
    Taskozhina G; Batyrova G; Umarova G; Issanguzhina Z; Kereyeva N · Journal of clinical medicine · 2024
    Narrative reviewBone Health forManganese
  8. Associations of multiple metals with bone mineral density: A population-based study in US adults.
    Wei MH; Cui Y; Zhou HL; Song WJ; Di DS; Zhang RY; Huang Q; Liu JA; Wang Q · Chemosphere · 2021
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forManganese
  9. Sex-specific associations of urinary mixed-metal concentrations with femoral bone mineral density among older people: an NHANES (2017-2020) analysis.
    Li H; Li G; Yi M; Zhou J; Deng Y; Huang Y; He S; Meng X; Liu L · Frontiers in public health · 2024
    Cross-sectional study31 participantsBone Health forManganese
  10. Relationship between blood manganese and bone mineral density and bone mineral content in adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.
    Wang C; Zhu Y; Long H; Ou M; Zhao S · PloS one · 2022
    Cross-sectional study9,732 participantsBone Health forManganese
  11. Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Cockayne S; Adamson J; Lanham-New S; Shearer MJ; Gilbody S; Torgerson DJ · Archives of internal medicine · 2006
    Meta-analysis13 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  12. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.
    Knapen MH; Drummen NE; Smit E; Vermeer C; Theuwissen E · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial244 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  13. Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
    Iwamoto J; Takeda T; Ichimura S · Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association · 2001
    Randomized trial92 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  14. Efficacy and safety of vitamin K2 for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at a long-term follow-up: meta-analysis and systematic review.
    Zhou M; Han S; Zhang W; Wu D · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2022
    Meta-analysis6,853 participants9 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  15. Low-dose vitamin K2 (MK-4) supplementation for 12 months improves bone metabolism and prevents forearm bone loss in postmenopausal Japanese women.
    Koitaya N; Sekiguchi M; Tousen Y; Nishide Y; Morita A; Yamauchi J; Gando Y; Miyachi M; Aoki M; Komatsu M; Watanabe F; Morishita K; Ishimi Y · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2015
    Randomized trial48 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  16. Increased incidence of fractures in middle-aged and elderly men with low intakes of phosphorus and zinc.
    Elmståhl S; Gullberg B; Janzon L; Johnell O; Elmståhl B · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 1999
    Cohort study6,576 participantsBone Health forZinc
  17. Zinc Supplementation Increases Procollagen Type 1 Amino-Terminal Propeptide in Premenarcheal Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Berger PK; Pollock NK; Laing EM; Chertin V; Bernard PJ; Grider A; Shapses SA; Ding KH; Isales CM; Lewis RD · The Journal of nutrition · 2016
    Randomized trial147 participantsBone Health forZinc
  18. Randomized controlled trial of prenatal zinc supplementation and fetal bone growth.
    Merialdi M; Caulfield LE; Zavaleta N; Figueroa A; Costigan KA; Dominici F; Dipietro JA · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2004
    Randomized trial242 participantsBone Health forZinc
  19. The effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc, alkaline phosphatase activity and fracture healing of bones.
    Sadighi A; Roshan MM; Moradi A; Ostadrahimi A · Saudi medical journal · 2009
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forZinc
  20. Is Zinc an Important Trace Element on Bone-Related Diseases and Complications? A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review from Serum Level, Dietary Intake, and Supplementation Aspects.
    Ceylan MN; Akdas S; Yazihan N · Biological trace element research · 2021
    Meta-analysis40 studies pooledBone Health forZinc
  21. Effects of boron supplementation on the severity and duration of pain in primary dysmenorrhea.
    Nikkhah S; Dolatian M; Naghii MR; Zaeri F; Taheri SM · Complementary therapies in clinical practice · 2015
    Randomized trial113 participantsGeneral Health forBoron
  22. Efficacy and safety of tavaborole topical solution, 5%, a novel boron-based antifungal agent, for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis: Results from 2 randomized phase-III studies.
    Elewski BE; Aly R; Baldwin SL; González Soto RF; Rich P; Weisfeld M; Wiltz H; Zane LT; Pollak R · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2015
    Randomized trialGeneral Health forBoron
  23. The efficacy and safety of tavaborole, a novel, boron-based pharmaceutical agent: phase 2 studies conducted for the topical treatment of toenail onychomycosis.
    Toledo-Bahena ME; Bucko A; Ocampo-Candiani J; Herz-Ruelas ME; Jones TM; Jarratt MT; Pollak RA; Zane LT · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2015
    Clinical trial336 participantsGeneral Health forBoron
  24. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for glioblastoma multiforme: a phase II study evaluating a prolonged high-dose of boronophenylalanine (BPA).
    Henriksson R; Capala J; Michanek A; Lindahl SA; Salford LG; Franzén L; Blomquist E; Westlin JE; Bergenheim AT; Swedish Brain Tumour Study Group · Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2009
    Single-arm trial30 participantsGeneral Health forBoron
  25. Effects of Calcium Fructoborate on Levels of C-Reactive Protein, Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein, Triglycerides, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1: a Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study
    Otilia-Constantina Rogoveanu, George Dan Mogosanu, Cornelia Bejenaru, Ludovic Everard Bejenaru, Octavian Croitoru, Johny Neamtu, Zbigniew Pietrzkowski, Tania Reyes-Izquierdo, Andrei Bita, Iulia Daria Scorei, Romulus Ion Scorei · Biological Trace Element Research · 2015
    Randomized trial78 participantsGeneral Health forBoron
  26. Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
    Cui Z; Xie R; Lu X; Schomburg L; Brenner H; Schöttker B · Redox biology · 2025
    Meta-analysis95 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  27. Dietary Antioxidants, Circulating Antioxidant Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies.
    Jayedi A; Rashidy-Pour A; Parohan M; Zargar MS; Shab-Bidar S · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019
    Meta-analysis507,251 participants41 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  28. The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
    Sharabati I; Qafesha RM; Hindawi MD; Amro S; Ayesh BM · Clinical endocrinology · 2024
    Meta-analysis4 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  29. Associations of plasma metal concentrations with the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Chinese adults.
    Shi L; Yuan Y; Xiao Y; Long P; Li W; Yu Y; Liu Y; Liu K; Wang H; Zhou L; Yang H; Li X; He M; Wu T · Environment international · 2021
    Cohort study6,155 participantsGeneral Health forSelenium
  30. Updates on clinical studies of selenium supplementation in radiotherapy.
    Puspitasari IM; Abdulah R; Yamazaki C; Kameo S; Nakano T; Koyama H · Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2015
    Systematic review16 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  31. Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes in the treatment of oral mucositis and quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy.
    Mohammadi F; Oshvandi K; Kamallan SR; Khazaei S; Ranjbar H; Ahmadi-Motamayel F; Gillespie M; Jenabi E; Vafaei SY · Nursing open · 2022
    Randomized trial144 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  32. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Bhan MK; Bhandari N; Sinha A; Jalla S · The New England journal of medicine · 1995
    Randomized trial937 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  33. Associations of mortality with ocular disorders and an intervention of high-dose antioxidants and zinc in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 13.
    Clemons TE; Kurinij N; Sperduto RD; AREDS Research Group · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2004
    Randomized trial4,753 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  34. Effects of zinc and probiotic co-supplementation on inflammation, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and mood in irritable bowel syndrome patients.
    Rezazadegan M; Soheilipour M; Amani R · Scientific reports · 2026
    Randomized trial84 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  35. Effect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trial.
    Siahbazi S; Behboudi-Gandevani S; Moghaddam-Banaem L; Montazeri A · The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2018
    Randomized trial142 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  36. Effects of selenium supplementation on selenoprotein gene expression and response to influenza vaccine challenge: a randomised controlled trial.
    Goldson AJ; Fairweather-Tait SJ; Armah CN; Bao Y; Broadley MR; Dainty JR; Furniss C; Hart DJ; Teucher B; Hurst R · PloS one · 2011
    Randomized trial119 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  37. Effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
    Janbakhsh A; Mansouri F; Vaziri S; Sayad B; Afsharian M; Rahimi M; Shahebrahimi K; Salari F · Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2013
    Randomized trial62 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  38. Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China.
    Yu SY; Li WG; Zhu YJ; Yu WP; Hou C · Biological trace element research · 1990
    Non-randomized trial20,847 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  39. Selenium nanoparticles as adjunctive therapy in sepsis: A pilot randomized clinical trial.
    Gu WJ; Huang W; Zhao FZ; Yuan XK; Jin K; Chen JL; Zhang CY; Huang Y; He L; Zhuang H; Yin HY; Chen T · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2026
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  40. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations.
    Gärtner R; Gasnier BC; Dietrich JW; Krebs B; Angstwurm MW · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2002
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  41. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusImmunity forVitamin C
  42. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
    Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  43. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
    Meta-analysisImmunity forVitamin C
  44. New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
    Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
    Randomized trial20 participantsImmunity forVitamin C
  45. Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
    Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  46. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis.
    Martineau AR; Jolliffe DA; Greenberg L; Aloia JF; Bergman P; Dubnov-Raz G; Esposito S; Ganmaa D; Ginde AA; Goodall EC; Grant CC; Janssens W; Jensen ME; Kerley CP; Laaksi I; Manaseki-Holland S; Mauger D; Murdoch DR; Neale R; Rees JR; Simpson S; Stelmach I; Trilok Kumar G; Urashima M; Camargo CA; Griffiths CJ; Hooper RL · Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020
    Meta-analysis11,321 participants25 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  47. Association Between Vitamin D and Influenza: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Zhu Z; Zhu X; Gu L; Zhan Y; Chen L; Li X · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Meta-analysis4,859 participants10 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  48. Vitamin D3 and deconvoluting a rash.
    Ernst MK; Evans ST; Techner JM; Rothbaum RM; Christensen LF; Onay UV; Biyashev D; Demczuk MM; Nguyen CV; Honda KS; McCormick TS; Tsoi LC; Gudjonsson JE; Cooper KD; Lu KQ · JCI insight · 2023
    Randomized trial28 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  49. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
    Bychinin MV; Klypa TV; Mandel IA; Yusubalieva GM; Baklaushev VP; Kolyshkina NA; Troitsky AV · Scientific reports · 2022
    Randomized trial110 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  50. Current opinion on the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory infections and asthma/COPD exacerbations: A need to establish publication guidelines for overcoming the unpublished data.
    Anitua E; Tierno R; Alkhraisat MH · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022
    Meta-analysis50,554 participants65 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  51. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Vlieg-Boerstra B; de Jong N; Meyer R; Agostoni C; De Cosmi V; Grimshaw K; Milani GP; Muraro A; Oude Elberink H; Pali-Schöll I; Roduit C; Sasaki M; Skypala I; Sokolowska M; van Splunter M; Untersmayr E; Venter C; O'Mahony L; Nwaru BI · Allergy · 2022
    Meta-analysis199,055 participants115 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  52. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Jalla S; Mazumdar S; Sinha A; Bhan MK · Pediatrics · 1998
    Randomized trial609 participantsImmunity forZinc
  53. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children.
    Rerksuppaphol S; Rerksuppaphol L · Pediatric reports · 2020
    Randomized trial64 participantsImmunity forZinc
  54. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population.
    Fortes C; Forastiere F; Agabiti N; Fano V; Pacifici R; Virgili F; Piras G; Guidi L; Bartoloni C; Tricerri A; Zuccaro P; Ebrahim S; Perucci CA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1998
    Randomized trial136 participantsImmunity forZinc
  55. The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.
    Vecchietti A; Strano P; Minutolo G; Grieco V; Cappuccio G; Granvillano G; Confalonieri L; Briganti GL; Raso E; Chimienti M; Pellegrini M; Mercogliano M; Spatari G; Lugli C; Urbano T; Lorenzon A · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forZinc