Product Image

Training Ground PRE Orange Mango

EFX Sports
4.6
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(17 ratings)
Tyrosine 1500 mg
Glycine 2000 mg
Creatine 1500 mg
Taurine 2000 mg
Caffeine 300 mg
Product Image
Score72
A well-disclosed, high-output pre-workout with strong citrulline, betaine, glycerol, taurine, glycine, and tyrosine amounts. High caffeine and lighter creatine and beta-alanine dosing are the key trade-offs.
How scoring works
Quantity:17 Liquid(s) • (20 servings)
Goals:
Fitness
Mental Focus
Energy
Weight Gain
Brain Health
Muscle Gain
Productivity Boost
Weight Loss

Score 72

A well-disclosed, high-output pre-workout with strong citrulline, betaine, glycerol, taurine, glycine, and tyrosine amounts. High caffeine and lighter creatine and beta-alanine dosing are the key trade-offs.
How scoring works
$34.99($1.74 per serving)
iHerb
$ 34.99
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Analysis

Citrulline malate at 6.5 g, betaine at 2.6 g, and glycerol complex at 2.5 g provide a strong training-focused foundation. Taurine and glycine each reach 2 g, while tyrosine adds a meaningful 1.5 g for focus support.

Caffeine at 300 mg will feel strong for many users and may overshadow the otherwise balanced formula. Kre-Alkalyn at 1.5 g and beta-alanine at 1.2 g are less substantial than the main pump and hydration ingredients.

The fully disclosed ingredient list makes the serving easy to assess and adjust. It best suits experienced pre-workout users who tolerate caffeine well and value pump, hydration, and focus more than maximal creatine or beta-alanine dosing.

Who is it for
  • Experienced pre-workout users with good caffeine tolerance
  • Adults prioritizing pump, hydration, and workout focus
  • People who track caffeine from all daily sources
Best for
  • High-stimulus training sessions
  • Pump and hydration support
  • Workout focus with substantial amino acids

Pros

  • Provides 6.5 g citrulline malate
  • Uses meaningful betaine, glycerol, taurine, glycine, and tyrosine amounts
  • Fully discloses every active dose
  • Combines performance and focus ingredients coherently

Cons

  • Contains 300 mg caffeine
  • Beta-alanine amount is modest
  • Creatine amount is lighter than common daily targets
  • High serving cost

Warnings

  • Do not combine the 300 mg caffeine serving with other stimulants or high-caffeine drinks
  • Avoid taking it late in the day because caffeine may disrupt sleep
  • Beta-alanine can cause harmless but uncomfortable skin tingling
  • People with cardiovascular conditions, uncontrolled blood pressure, or stimulant sensitivity should review use with a clinician

Nutrient quality

77 High impact

Citrulline, betaine, glycerol, taurine, glycine, tyrosine, and caffeine provide broad pre-workout support. The caffeine load is high and beta-alanine is modest.

.

Ingredient transparency

88 Highest impact

Individual active weights are clearly disclosed. Some extract percentages, enzyme activity, or non-active label details remain incomplete.

.

Customer satisfaction

59 Moderate impact

The supplied rating is favorable, but the feedback base is comparatively small. No complaint-level evidence was supplied to assess recurring issues or purpose-specific experiences.

.

Value for money

54 Moderate impact

The serving cost is high relative to the certainty provided by the label. Substantial ingredients help, but disclosure gaps weaken category competitiveness.

.
Report analysis

Goals

Fitness
Fitness
Impact
Highest effect
A+ Goal FitA Strength of SupportA CoverageA Formula Quality
Creatine · 1500 mgBeta-Alanine · 1200 mgCaffeine · 300 mg

Citrulline malate, betaine, glycerol, taurine, creatine, beta-alanine, tyrosine, and caffeine cover blood flow, power, hydration, endurance, and focus. Several core actives reach meaningful performance amounts.

Beta-alanine and creatine are below common full daily targets, while the high caffeine amount may not suit stimulant-sensitive users. Despite those trade-offs, the fully disclosed blend is coherent and unusually broad without becoming opaque.

Study evidence
Caffeine Supportive 255 studies
Creatine Supportive 143 studies
Taurine Supportive 21 studies
Mental Focus
Mental Focus
Impact
Highest effect
A Goal FitA Strength of SupportA- CoverageB+ Formula Quality
Creatine · 1500 mgCaffeine · 300 mg

Caffeine and L-tyrosine provide strong, direct support for alertness and focus, while creatine and taurine support demanding exercise. The amounts are substantial enough to affect performance rather than serving as label decoration.

The pre-workout design is more specialized for training than desk-based concentration, and it lacks theanine to soften stimulant effects. The caffeine amount may cause rapid heartbeat, anxiety, or sleep disruption in sensitive users and should not be combined with other stimulants.

Study evidence
Caffeine Supportive 128 studies
Creatine Supportive 13 studies
Energy
Energy
Impact
Highest effect
A+ Goal FitA Strength of SupportA- CoverageB+ Formula Quality
Caffeine · 300 mgCreatine · 1500 mg

Caffeine and tyrosine provide direct acute alertness support, while citrulline, betaine, taurine, and glycerol target workout performance. Ingredient amounts are fully disclosed and mostly substantial.

The caffeine amount is high and may cause jitteriness, sleep disruption, or a fast heartbeat in sensitive users. Creatine and beta-alanine are below common full daily amounts, so not every pathway has equal depth.

Study evidence
Caffeine Supportive 68 studies
Creatine Supportive 49 studies
Weight Gain
Weight Gain
Impact
Highest effect
B+ Goal FitA- Strength of SupportB+ CoverageA Formula Quality
Creatine · 1500 mgCaffeine · 300 mgBeta-Alanine · 1200 mg

Citrulline malate, a full betaine amount, taurine, glycerol, creatine, beta-alanine, and caffeine create broad pre-workout support for training volume and intensity. The formula may indirectly support lean-mass gain but supplies no meaningful calories or protein for the required nutritional surplus.

Several major performance actives reach useful amounts, while beta-alanine is modest and the creatine uses a concentrated buffered form rather than standard monohydrate. The substantial caffeine serving may reduce appetite or disturb sleep in sensitive users, potentially working against consistent eating and recovery.

Study evidence
Caffeine Adverse 11 studies
Creatine Supportive 87 studies
Taurine No effect 7 studies
Brain Health
Brain Health
Impact
Highest effect
A- Goal FitA Strength of SupportB CoverageA Formula Quality
Creatine · 1500 mg

A strong tyrosine amount and caffeine can support acute focus, motivation, and mental performance during training. Glycine, taurine, creatine, and betaine add several secondary metabolic and neurological pathways.

The formula is designed for workouts rather than daily neuroprotection, and several supporting ingredients are more relevant to physical performance. The high caffeine amount may cause anxiety, sleep disruption, or a faster heart rate in stimulant-sensitive users.

Study evidence
Creatine Supportive 35 studies
Tyrosine Supportive 7 studies
Muscle Gain
Muscle Gain
Impact
Highest effect
A- Goal FitA- Strength of SupportA- CoverageB Formula Quality
Creatine · 1500 mgCaffeine · 300 mgBeta-Alanine · 1200 mg

Citrulline malate, betaine, glycerol, taurine, creatine, beta-alanine, and caffeine strongly support training capacity relevant to muscle gain. The main ergogenic ingredients have substantial human performance evidence, though buffered creatine is less established than monohydrate.

Citrulline, betaine, glycerol, and taurine are substantial, while beta-alanine remains below a full daily target. The formula is logically built for demanding resistance sessions. The high caffeine amount may cause jitteriness or disturb sleep in sensitive users.

Study evidence
Caffeine Supportive 31 studies
Creatine Supportive 136 studies
Taurine Not classified

No linked studies yet.

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Citrulline Malate
6500 mg
Trimethylglycine
2600 mg
Hydromax Glycerol Complex
2500 mg
Taurine
2000 mg
L-Glycine
2000 mg
Kre-Alkalyn
1500 mg
L-Tyrosine
1500 mg
CarnoSyn (Beta-Alanine)
 1200 mg
Agmatine Sulfate
750 mg
Caffeine
300 mg
Adults 18–50
Report overview
Tyrosine · 1500 mg OverallScore70
B- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

Standard L-Tyrosine and a fully disclosed 1,500 mg serving provide a strong ingredient-and-dose profile. No tyrosine-specific purity, sourcing, or testing details are supplied. The multi-ingredient pre-workout is costly per gram of tyrosine, and its 300 mg caffeine dose may not suit stimulant-sensitive users.

View ingredientView products
Glycine · 2000 mg OverallScore68
C- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityB Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyB- Value

Clearly named L-glycine provides an isolated source, although no premium grade or purity certification is shown. The 2 g serving is useful but below the established sleep-focused amount. The 300 mg caffeine content works against bedtime use and may disturb sleep.

View ingredientView products
Creatine · 1500 mg OverallScore66
B- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityB+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value
+3

Kre-Alkalyn supplies a supported buffered form in a standard powder blend. The 1500 mg amount reaches the concentrated-form target, but no third-party certification is disclosed. Cost is high, while 6500 mg of citrulline malate partly offsets it; 300 mg of caffeine may be excessive for stimulant-sensitive users.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
71 Performance

Kre-Alkalyn Hardcore

All American EFX Sports
<p>Buffered creatine and a multi-stimulant blend provide focused workout energy and strength support. Compared with the original, its supplied ingredient and goal alignment is a stronger fit for caffeine, creatine.</p>
72 Performance

Genius Consciousness Watermelon

The Genius Brand
<p>Branded Alpha-GPC, phosphatidylserine, acetyl-L-carnitine, tyrosine, and stimulants create deep cognitive support. Compared with the original, its supplied ingredient and goal alignment is a stronger fit for caffeine, tyrosine.</p>
69 Performance

Animal Fury Watermelon Flavor

Animal
<p>Citrulline, branched-chain amino acids, beta-alanine, tyrosine, and caffeine form a focused pre-workout. Compared with the original, its supplied ingredient and goal alignment is a stronger fit for caffeine, tyrosine.</p>
77 Budget

True Calm

NOW
<p>A coherent calming blend combines GABA, glycine, taurine, inositol, and valerian at a very accessible serving cost. A lower serving cost makes it a more economical choice while retaining relevance to glycine, taurine.</p>
78 Budget

GABAplex

Swanson
<p>GABA, glycine, taurine, theanine, and tyrosine create a broad calming amino-acid blend. A lower serving cost makes it a more economical choice while retaining relevance to tyrosine, glycine.</p>
77 Budget

NightRest with Melatonin

Source Naturals
<p>GABA, magnesium, taurine, glycine, calming herbs, and melatonin form a comprehensive sleep blend. A lower serving cost makes it a more economical choice while retaining relevance to glycine, taurine.</p>
70 Value

Animal Fury Green Apple Flavor

Animal
<p>Citrulline, branched-chain amino acids, beta-alanine, tyrosine, and caffeine form a focused pre-workout. Its combination of ingredient alignment and serving value compares favorably with the original for caffeine, tyrosine.</p>
74 Value

NightRest With Melatonin

Source Naturals
<p>Magnesium, GABA, melatonin, calming herbs, taurine, and glycine provide broad support for nighttime relaxation. Its combination of ingredient alignment and serving value compares favorably with the original for glycine, taurine.</p>
72 Value

Training Ground PRE Blueberry

EFX Sports
<p>Citrulline, betaine, glycerol, taurine, glycine, tyrosine, and caffeine provide broad pre-workout support. Its combination of ingredient alignment and serving value compares favorably with the original for caffeine, creatine, tyrosine.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults-a meta-analysis.
    Devries MC; Phillips SM · Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2014
    Meta-analysis357 participantsAnti-Aging Muscle Gain Weight Gain forCreatine
  2. Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults.
    Candow DG; Vogt E; Johannsmeyer S; Forbes SC; Farthing JP · Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme · 2016
    Randomized trial39 participantsAnti-Aging Weight Gain forCreatine
  3. Effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis.
    Chilibeck PD; Kaviani M; Candow DG; Zello GA · Open access journal of sports medicine · 2020
    Meta-analysis721 participants22 studies pooledAnti-Aging Muscle Gain forCreatine
  4. Changes in Fat Mass Following Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training in Adults ≥50 Years of Age: A Meta-Analysis.
    Forbes SC; Candow DG; Krentz JR; Roberts MD; Young KC · Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2021
    Meta-analysis609 participants19 studies pooledAnti-Aging Weight Loss forCreatine
  5. Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older men.
    Gotshalk LA; Volek JS; Staron RS; Denegar CR; Hagerman FC; Kraemer WJ · Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2002
    Randomized trial18 participantsAnti-Aging forCreatine
  6. Accelerated biological aging, mediating amino acids, and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.
    Zhang Z; Wang J; Yu B; Sun Y; Chen Y; Lu Y; Wang N; Xia F · Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025
    Cohort study95,773 participantsAnti-Aging forGlycine
  7. Dietary protein and amino acid intakes for mitigating sarcopenia in humans.
    He W; Connolly ED; Cross HR; Wu G · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2025
    Narrative reviewAnti-Aging forGlycine
  8. Age-Related Neurochemical Changes in the Vestibular Nuclei.
    Smith PF · Frontiers in neurology · 2016
    Narrative reviewAnti-Aging forGlycine
  9. SHMT2 regulates CD8+ T cell senescence via the reactive oxygen species axis in HIV-1 infected patients on antiretroviral therapy.
    Zhang QS; Wang JN; Yang TL; Li SY; Li JQ; Liu DN; Shang H; Zhang ZN · EBioMedicine · 2025
    Observational studyAnti-Aging forGlycine
  10. Metabolomics and incident dementia in older Chinese adults: The Shanghai Aging Study.
    Cui M; Jiang Y; Zhao Q; Zhu Z; Liang X; Zhang K; Wu W; Dong Q; An Y; Tang H; Ding D; Chen X · Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021
    Cohort studyAnti-Aging forGlycine
  11. Taurine supplementation reduces myeloperoxidase and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 levels and improves the effects of exercise in cognition and physical fitness in older women.
    Chupel MU; Minuzzi LG; Furtado GE; Santos ML; Ferreira JP; Filaire E; Teixeira AM · Amino acids · 2021
    Randomized trial48 participantsAnti-Aging forTaurine
  12. Taurine as a possible antiaging therapy: A controlled clinical trial on taurine antioxidant activity in women ages 55 to 70.
    Abud GF; De Carvalho FG; Batitucci G; Travieso SG; Bueno Junior CR; Barbosa Junior F; Marchini JS; de Freitas EC · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2022
    Randomized trial24 participantsAnti-Aging forTaurine
  13. Association of taurine intake with changes in physical fitness among community-dwelling middle-aged and older Japanese adults: an 8-year longitudinal study.
    Domoto T; Kise K; Oyama Y; Furuya K; Kato Y; Nishita Y; Kozakai R; Otsuka R · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Cohort studyAnti-Aging forTaurine
  14. Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.
    Rae C; Digney AL; McEwan SR; Bates TC · Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2003
    Randomized trial45 participantsBrain Health forCreatine
  15. Creatine in Huntington disease is safe, tolerable, bioavailable in brain and reduces serum 8OH2'dG.
    Hersch SM; Gevorkian S; Marder K; Moskowitz C; Feigin A; Cox M; Como P; Zimmerman C; Lin M; Zhang L; Ulug AM; Beal MF; Matson W; Bogdanov M; Ebbel E; Zaleta A; Kaneko Y; Jenkins B; Hevelone N; Zhang H; Yu H; Schoenfeld D; Ferrante R; Rosas HD · Neurology · 2006
    Randomized trial64 participantsBrain Health forCreatine
  16. Creatine supplementation and cognitive performance in elderly individuals.
    McMorris T; Mielcarz G; Harris RC; Swain JP; Howard A · Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2008
    Randomized trial32 participantsBrain Health Productivity Boost forCreatine
  17. Effects of high-load, velocity-intentional variable resistance training combined with creatine supplementation on neuroplasticity, oxidative stress, inflammation, physical function, cognitive performance and quality of life in older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Fernandez-Garrido J; Martin EG; Saez-Berlanga A; Gargallo-Bayo P; Gene-Morales J; Alix-Fages C; Jiménez-Martínez P; Caballero O; Salvador-Palmer R; Colado JC · Experimental gerontology · 2026
    Randomized trial103 participantsBrain Health General Health forCreatine
  18. Single-Dose Creatine Reduces Sleep Deprivation-Induced Deterioration in Cognitive Performance.
    Gordji-Nejad A; Matusch A; Hengstler L; Beer S; Kroll T; Klein S; Elmenhorst D; Bauer A; Drzezga A · Nutrients · 2026
    Randomized trial29 participantsBrain Health forCreatine
  19. Combined L-carnosine and L-tyrosine supplementation as an ergogenic strategy for physical and cognitive performance under fatigue in professional football players.
    Bilgin S; Bozyılan E; Buzdağlı Y; Karaç Öcal Y; Gürkan O; Toktaş S; İnan H; Egil İ; Yarayan YE · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Randomized trial24 participantsBrain Health forTyrosine
  20. Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress or cognitive demands--A review.
    Jongkees BJ; Hommel B; Kühn S; Colzato LS · Journal of psychiatric research · 2016
    Narrative reviewBrain Health forTyrosine
  21. Influence of nutritional tyrosine on cognition and functional connectivity in healthy old humans.
    Hensel C; Becker M; Düzel S; Demuth I; Norman K; Steinhagen-Thiessen E; Gallinat J; Lindenberger U; Kühn S · NeuroImage · 2019
    Cross-sectional study286 participantsBrain Health forTyrosine
  22. Dietary Tyrosine Intake (FFQ) Is Associated with Locus Coeruleus, Attention and Grey Matter Maintenance: An MRI Structural Study on 398 Healthy Individuals of the Berlin Aging Study-II.
    Plini ERG; Melnychuk MC; Harkin A; Dahl MJ; McAuslan M; Kühn S; Boyle RT; Whelan R; Andrews R; Düzel S; Drewelies J; Wagner GG; Lindenberger U; Norman K; Robertson IH; Dockree PM · The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023
    Cross-sectional study398 participantsBrain Health forTyrosine
  23. Baseline-dependent effect of dopamine's precursor L-tyrosine on working memory gating but not updating.
    Jongkees BJ · Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2021
    Randomized trial45 participantsBrain Health forTyrosine
  24. Taurine Supplementation Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Vascular Function in Prehypertension: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
    Sun Q; Wang B; Li Y; Sun F; Li P; Xia W; Zhou X; Li Q; Wang X; Chen J; Zeng X; Zhao Z; He H; Liu D; Zhu Z · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2016
    Randomized trial120 participantsCardiovascular Support forTaurine
  25. Taurine ameliorates blood pressure and vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Li Y; Wang Q; Liu Y; Li Q; Xia W; Lin S; Yang Q; Scholze A; Zhao Z; He H; Zhang H; Yan Z; Tepel M; Mu H; Zhu Z; Liu D · iScience · 2025
    Randomized trial165 participantsCardiovascular Support forTaurine
  26. Taurine reduces the risk for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Tzang CC; Chi LY; Lin LH; Lin TY; Chang KV; Wu WT; Özçakar L · Nutrition & diabetes · 2024
    Meta-analysis1,024 participants25 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forTaurine
  27. Effects of Oral Taurine Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
    Nie Z; Liu Y; Zhang M; Wu C; Cao Q; Xu J; Zheng Y; Min Z; Zhang W; Han S · Nutrition reviews · 2025
    Meta-analysis34 studies pooledCardiovascular Support General Health forTaurine
  28. The effects of taurine supplementation on glycemic control and serum lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Maleki V; Alizadeh M; Esmaeili F; Mahdavi R · Amino acids · 2021
    Randomized trial45 participantsCardiovascular Support forTaurine
  29. The impact of obesity-associated glycine deficiency on the elimination of endogenous and exogenous metabolites via the glycine conjugation pathway.
    Tan HC; Hsu JW; Tai ES; Chacko S; Kovalik JP; Jahoor F · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024
    Cohort study42 participantsDetoxification forGlycine
  30. Metabolic impact of dietary glycine supplementation in individuals with severe obesity.
    Tan HC; Hsu JW; Tai ES; Chacko S; Wu V; Yen PM; Kovalik JP; Jahoor F · Scientific reports · 2025
    Single-arm trial19 participantsDetoxification forGlycine
  31. Contribution towards a Metabolite Profile of the Detoxification of Benzoic Acid through Glycine Conjugation: An Intervention Study.
    Irwin C; van Reenen M; Mason S; Mienie LJ; Westerhuis JA; Reinecke CJ · PloS one · 2017
    Non-randomized trial21 participantsDetoxification forGlycine
  32. Glycine conjugation of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA): a quantitative test of liver function.
    Furuya KN; Durie PR; Roberts EA; Soldin SJ; Verjee Z; Yung-Jato L; Giesbrecht E; Ellis L · Clinical biochemistry · 1996
    Methods validation study74 participantsDetoxification forGlycine
  33. The treatment of isovaleric acidemia with glycine supplement
    M Naglak, R Salvo, K Madsen, P Dembure, L Elsas · Pediatric research · 1988
    Non-randomized trial2 participantsDetoxification forGlycine
  34. Dietary amino acid taurine ameliorates liver injury in chronic hepatitis patients.
    Hu YH; Lin CL; Huang YW; Liu PE; Hwang DF · Amino acids · 2008
    Non-randomized trial24 participantsDetoxification forTaurine
  35. Taurine status and response to intravenous taurine supplementation in adults with short-bowel syndrome undergoing long-term parenteral nutrition: a pilot study.
    Schneider SM; Joly F; Gehrardt MF; Badran AM; Myara A; Thuillier F; Coudray-Lucas C; Cynober L; Trivin F; Messing B · The British journal of nutrition · 2006
    Single-arm trial32 participantsDetoxification forTaurine
  36. Cognitive and mood improvements of caffeine in habitual consumers and habitual non-consumers of caffeine.
    Haskell CF; Kennedy DO; Wesnes KA; Scholey AB · Psychopharmacology · 2005
    Randomized trial48 participantsEnergy forCaffeine
  37. Caffeine-containing energy drink improves physical performance of elite rugby players during a simulated match.
    Del Coso J; Ramírez JA; Muñoz G; Portillo J; Gonzalez-Millán C; Muñoz V; Barbero-Álvarez JC; Muñoz-Guerra J · Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme · 2016
    Randomized trial26 participantsEnergy forCaffeine
  38. Differential cognitive effects of energy drink ingredients: caffeine, taurine, and glucose.
    Giles GE; Mahoney CR; Brunyé TT; Gardony AL; Taylor HA; Kanarek RB · Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2013
    Randomized trial48 participantsEnergy forCaffeine
  39. Does Single or Combined Caffeine and Taurine Supplementation Improve Athletic and Cognitive Performance without Affecting Fatigue Level in Elite Boxers? A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
    Ozan M; Buzdagli Y; Eyipinar CD; Baygutalp NK; Yüce N; Oget F; Kan E; Baygutalp F · Nutrients · 2022
    Randomized trial20 participantsEnergy forCaffeine
  40. Trait Energy and Fatigue Modify the Effects of Caffeine on Mood, Cognitive and Fine-Motor Task Performance: A Post-Hoc Study.
    Fuller DT; Smith ML; Boolani A · Nutrients · 2021
    Randomized trialEnergy forCaffeine
  41. Synergistic effects of creatine, carbs, protein on repeated sprint performance.
    Wang Y; Wei H; Cheng X; Chen Z · Scientific reports · 2026
    Randomized trial60 participantsEnergy forCreatine
  42. The Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Recovery from Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Considering Sex and Age Differences.
    Yamaguchi S; Inami T; Nishioka T; Morito A; Ishiyama K; Murayama M · Nutrients · 2025
    Randomized trial40 participantsEnergy forCreatine
  43. The Effect of Prior Creatine Intake for 28 Days on Accelerated Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Yamaguchi S; Inami T; Ishida H; Morito A; Yamada S; Nagata N; Murayama M · Nutrients · 2024
    Randomized trial20 participantsEnergy forCreatine
  44. Creatine supplementation attenuates the rate of fatigue development during intermittent isometric exercise performed above end-test torque.
    Abdalla LHP; Broxterman RM; Greco CC; Denadai BS · Experimental physiology · 2021
    Randomized trial16 participantsEnergy forCreatine
  45. The effect of continuous low dose creatine supplementation on force, power, and total work.
    Burke DG; Silver S; Holt LE; Smith Palmer T; Culligan CJ; Chilibeck PD · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2000
    Randomized trial41 participantsEnergy forCreatine
  46. Effect of caffeine ingestion on cycling performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Wu J; Xu K; Yin M; Ding X; Wang T; Zhang Q; Wu X; Xiao N · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Meta-analysis226 participants20 studies pooledFitness forCaffeine
  47. Effects of Caffeine Intake on Endurance Running Performance and Time to Exhaustion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Wang Z; Qiu B; Gao J; Del Coso J · Nutrients · 2023
    Meta-analysis254 participants21 studies pooledFitness forCaffeine
  48. Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Movement Velocity in Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
    Raya-González J; Rendo-Urteaga T; Domínguez R; Castillo D; Rodríguez-Fernández A; Grgic J · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021
    Meta-analysis12 studies pooledFitness forCaffeine
  49. Sex Differences in the Ergogenic Response of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Strength, Power and Endurance Performance in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Montalvo-Alonso JJ; Ferragut C; Del Val-Manzano M; Valadés D; Roberts J; Pérez-López A · Nutrients · 2024
    Randomized trial76 participantsFitness forCaffeine
  50. Can I Have My Coffee and Drink It? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Determine Whether Habitual Caffeine Consumption Affects the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine.
    Carvalho A; Marticorena FM; Grecco BH; Barreto G; Saunders B · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022
    Meta-analysis60 studies pooledFitness forCaffeine
  51. Creatine in combination with resistance training and improvement in muscle strength: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusFitness forCreatine
  52. Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians.
    Burke DG; Chilibeck PD; Parise G; Candow DG; Mahoney D; Tarnopolsky M · Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2004
    Randomized trial42 participantsFitness forCreatine
  53. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training.
    Vandenberghe K; Goris M; Van Hecke P; Van Leemputte M; Vangerven L; Hespel P · Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 1998
    Randomized trial19 participantsFitness forCreatine
  54. Effects of Combined Versus Single Supplementation of Creatine, Beta-Alanine, and L-Citrulline During Short Sprint Interval Training on Basketball Players' Performance: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Li M; Sheykhlouvand M · International journal of sports physiology and performance · 2025
    Randomized trial48 participantsFitness forCreatine
  55. The Additive Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Exercise Training in an Aging Population: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Stares A; Bains M · Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001) · 2021
    Systematic review17 studies pooledFitness forCreatine
  56. Taurine supplementation enhances anaerobic power in elite speed skaters: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
    Buzdağlı Y; Eyipınar CD; Öget F; Şıktar E; Forbes SC; Tekin A · Biology of sport · 2023
    Randomized trial30 participantsFitness forTaurine
  57. The effect of acute taurine ingestion on 3-km running performance in trained middle-distance runners.
    Balshaw TG; Bampouras TM; Barry TJ; Sparks SA · Amino acids · 2013
    Randomized trial8 participantsFitness forTaurine
  58. Effects of different doses of taurine supplementation on repeated-sprint performance after exhaustive exercise in a high temperature and humidity environment.
    Cheng X; Lin Y; Li Z · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Randomized trial16 participantsFitness forTaurine
  59. Oral taurine improves critical power and severe-intensity exercise tolerance.
    Waldron M; Patterson SD; Jeffries O · Amino acids · 2020
    Randomized trial12 participantsFitness forTaurine
  60. Acute taurine supplementation enhances thermoregulation and endurance cycling performance in the heat.
    Page LK; Jeffries O; Waldron M · European journal of sport science · 2019
    Randomized trial11 participantsFitness forTaurine
  61. The impact of creatine supplementation associated with resistance training on muscular strength and lean tissue mass in the aged: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Liu S; Huang N; Wu W; OuYang X; Luo Y; Zhong Y; Wang M; Xiao L · European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2026
    Meta-analysis482 participants8 studies pooledGeneral Health forCreatine
  62. Creatine supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    Fuld JP; Kilduff LP; Neder JA; Pitsiladis Y; Lean ME; Ward SA; Cotton MM · Thorax · 2005
    Randomized trial38 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  63. A multi-metabolite signature robustly predicts long-term mortality in the PREDIMED trial and several US cohorts.
    Fernández-Duval G; Razquin C; Wang F; Yun H; Hu J; Guasch-Ferré M; Rexrode K; Balasubramanian R; García-Gavilán J; Ruiz-Canela M; Clish CB; Corella D; Gómez-Gracia E; Fiol M; Estruch R; Lapetra J; Fitó M; Serra-Majem L; Ros E; Liang L; Dennis C; Asensio EM; Castañer O; Planes FJ; Salas-Salvadó J; Hu FB; Toledo E; Martínez-González MA · Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2025
    Cohort study1,878 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  64. Plasma creatine, estimated intramuscular creatine, transcellular gradient and the risk of mortality: Results from the PREVEND study.
    Doorenbos CSE; Post A; Stegmann ME; Franssen CFM; Dullaart RPF; Navis G; Connelly MA; Bakker SJL · European journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Cohort study5,127 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  65. Air-abrasive debridement with glycine powder versus manual debridement and chlorhexidine administration for the maintenance of peri-implant health status: a six-month randomized clinical trial.
    Lupi SM; Granati M; Butera A; Collesano V; Rodriguez Y Baena R · International journal of dental hygiene · 2018
    Randomized trial46 participantsGeneral Health forGlycine
  66. The effects of glycine on auditory mismatch negativity in schizophrenia.
    Greenwood LM; Leung S; Michie PT; Green A; Nathan PJ; Fitzgerald P; Johnston P; Solowij N; Kulkarni J; Croft RJ · Schizophrenia research · 2018
    Randomized trial22 participantsGeneral Health forGlycine
  67. Dietary glycine improves urine storage symptoms in urology outpatients.
    Sugaya K; Oh-Oka H; Yamada T; Miyata M; Ashitomi K; Kadekawa K; Nishijima S · Journal of complementary & integrative medicine · 2021
    Non-randomized trial20 participantsGeneral Health forGlycine
  68. Oral supplementation with glycine reduces oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, improving their systolic blood pressure.
    Díaz-Flores M; Cruz M; Duran-Reyes G; Munguia-Miranda C; Loza-Rodríguez H; Pulido-Casas E; Torres-Ramírez N; Gaja-Rodriguez O; Kumate J; Baiza-Gutman LA; Hernández-Saavedra D · Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology · 2014
    Randomized trial60 participantsGeneral Health forGlycine
  69. Cognitive Effects of Taurine and Related Sulphur-Containing Amino Acids: A Systematic Review of Human Trials and Considerations for Plant-Based Dietary Transitions.
    Moore JA; Cousins AL; Taylor RMJ; Griffiths AR; Young HA · Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Systematic review244 participants8 studies pooledGeneral Health forTaurine
  70. Association between habitual dietary taurine intake and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a prospective cohort study.
    Zhang S; Xu X; Wang D; Gu Y; Wu H; Meng G; Zhang Q; Liu L; Borné Y; Niu K; Bai L · Food & function · 2026
    Cohort study16,699 participantsGeneral Health forTaurine
  71. Effects of modafinil and caffeine on night-time vigilance of air force crewmembers: A randomized controlled trial.
    Wingelaar-Jagt YQ; Bottenheft C; Riedel WJ; Ramaekers JG · Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023
    Randomized trial32 participantsMental Focus forCaffeine
  72. Acute effects of caffeine on attention: a comparison of non-consumers and withdrawn consumers.
    Smith AP; Christopher G; Sutherland D · Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2013
    Randomized trial70 participantsMental Focus forCaffeine
  73. Performance and alertness effects of caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil during sleep deprivation.
    Wesensten NJ; Killgore WD; Balkin TJ · Journal of sleep research · 2006
    Randomized trial48 participantsMental Focus forCaffeine
  74. Effects of caffeine on mood and performance: a study of realistic consumption.
    Brice CF; Smith AP · Psychopharmacology · 2003
    Clinical trial24 participantsMental Focus forCaffeine
  75. Effects of caffeine or diphenhydramine on visual vigilance.
    Fine BJ; Kobrick JL; Lieberman HR; Marlowe B; Riley RH; Tharion WJ · Psychopharmacology · 1995
    Randomized trial24 participantsMental Focus forCaffeine
  76. The Effects of 8-Week Creatine Hydrochloride and Creatine Ethyl Ester Supplementation on Cognition, Clinical Outcomes, and Brain Creatine Levels in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women (CONCRET-MENOPA): A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Korovljev D; Ostojic J; Panic J; Ranisavljev M; Todorovic N; Nedeljkovic D; Kuzmanovic J; Vranes M; Stajer V; Ostojic SM · Journal of the American Nutrition Association · 2026
    Randomized trial36 participantsMental Focus forCreatine
  77. Creatine and Cognition in Aging: A Systematic Review of Evidence in Older Adults.
    Marshall S; Kitzan A; Wright J; Bocicariu L; Nagamatsu LS · Nutrition reviews · 2026
    Systematic review1,542 participants6 studies pooledMental Focus forCreatine
  78. Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol.
    McMorris T; Harris RC; Swain J; Corbett J; Collard K; Dyson RJ; Dye L; Hodgson C; Draper N · Psychopharmacology · 2006
    Clinical trial19 participantsMental Focus forCreatine
  79. Six-Week Supplementation with Creatine in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Feasibility Study at 3 Tesla.
    Godlewska BR; Sylvester AL; Emir UE; Sharpley AL; Clarke WT; Martens MAG; Cowen PJ · Nutrients · 2024
    Single-arm trial14 participantsMental Focus forCreatine
  80. The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Xu C; Bi S; Zhang W; Luo L · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Meta-analysis492 participants16 studies pooledMental Focus forCreatine
  81. A Randomized Study to Examine the Ability of a Caffeine-Based Energy Drink to Impact Energy Expenditure, Fat Oxidation, and Cognitive Performance.
    Krieger J; Schrautemeier A; Hagele A; Gaige C; Mennemeyer O; Tolbert S; Iannotti J; Kerksick C; Noonan C; Mumford P · Nutrients · 2025
    Randomized trial60 participantsMetabolism Boost forCaffeine
  82. Oolong tea increases metabolic rate and fat oxidation in men.
    Rumpler W; Seale J; Clevidence B; Judd J; Wiley E; Yamamoto S; Komatsu T; Sawaki T; Ishikura Y; Hosoda K · The Journal of nutrition · 2001
    Randomized trial12 participantsMetabolism Boost forCaffeine
  83. Effect of caffeine intake on fat oxidation rate during exercise: is there a dose-response effect?
    Gutiérrez-Hellín J; Aguilar-Navarro M; Ruiz-Moreno C; Muñoz A; Varillas-Delgado D; Amaro-Gahete FJ; Del Coso J · European journal of nutrition · 2023
    Randomized trial18 participantsMetabolism Boost forCaffeine
  84. Comparison of changes in energy expenditure and body temperatures after caffeine consumption.
    Koot P; Deurenberg P · Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 1995
    Randomized trial12 participantsMetabolism Boost forCaffeine
  85. Caffeine Increases Work Done above Critical Power, but Not Anaerobic Work.
    Silveira R; Andrade-Souza VA; Arcoverde L; Tomazini F; Sansonio A; Bishop DJ; Bertuzzi R; Lima-Silva AE · Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2018
    Randomized trial9 participantsMetabolism Boost forCaffeine
  86. Creatine target engagement with brain bioenergetics: a dose-ranging phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of adolescent females with SSRI-resistant depression.
    Kondo DG; Forrest LN; Shi X; Sung YH; Hellem TL; Huber RS; Renshaw PF · Amino acids · 2017
    Randomized trialMetabolism Boost forCreatine
  87. Creatine supplementation and glycemic control: a systematic review.
    Pinto CL; Botelho PB; Pimentel GD; Campos-Ferraz PL; Mota JF · Amino acids · 2017
    Systematic reviewMetabolism Boost forCreatine
  88. The effect of dietary creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle metabolism in congestive heart failure.
    Andrews R; Greenhaff P; Curtis S; Perry A; Cowley AJ · European heart journal · 1998
    Clinical trialMetabolism Boost forCreatine
  89. A comprehensive review of the physiology and evidence base to guide the use of ergogenic and medical supplements for enhanced cycling performance.
    Rowland A; Edwards S; Prieto-Bellver G; Menz B; Rowland A; Cornelisse E; Karapetis CS; Wallen MP; Hopkins AM · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026
    Narrative reviewMetabolism Boost forCreatine
  90. Creatine Supplementation Beyond Athletics: Benefits of Different Types of Creatine for Women, Vegans, and Clinical Populations-A Narrative Review.
    Gutiérrez-Hellín J; Del Coso J; Franco-Andrés A; Gamonales JM; Espada MC; González-García J; López-Moreno M; Varillas-Delgado D · Nutrients · 2025
    Narrative reviewMetabolism Boost forCreatine
  91. Effects of Acute Ingestion of Caffeine Capsules on Muscle Strength and Muscle Endurance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Wu W; Chen Z; Zhou H; Wang L; Li X; Lv Y; Sun T; Yu L · Nutrients · 2024
    Meta-analysis14 studies pooledMuscle Gain forCaffeine
  92. Acute caffeine intake improves muscular strength, power, and endurance performance, reversing the time-of-day effect regardless of muscle activation level in resistance-trained males: a randomized controlled trial.
    Montalvo-Alonso JJ; Del Val-Manzano M; Cerezo-Telléz E; Ferragut C; Valadés D; Rodríguez-Falces J; Pérez-López A · European journal of applied physiology · 2025
    Randomized trial13 participantsMuscle Gain forCaffeine
  93. Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance-an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses.
    Grgic J; Grgic I; Pickering C; Schoenfeld BJ; Bishop DJ; Pedisic Z · British journal of sports medicine · 2020
    Systematic review21 studies pooledMuscle Gain forCaffeine
  94. Effects of caffeine intake on muscle strength and power: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Grgic J; Trexler ET; Lazinica B; Pedisic Z · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2018
    Meta-analysis20 studies pooledMuscle Gain forCaffeine
  95. Caffeine increases strength and power performance in resistance-trained females during early follicular phase.
    Norum M; Risvang LC; Bjørnsen T; Dimitriou L; Rønning PO; Bjørgen M; Raastad T · Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2021
    Randomized trial15 participantsMuscle Gain forCaffeine
  96. The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Resistance Training-Based Changes to Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
    Desai I; Wewege MA; Jones MD; Clifford BK; Pandit A; Kaakoush NO; Simar D; Hagstrom AD · Journal of strength and conditioning research · 2025
    Meta-analysis362 participants12 studies pooledMuscle Gain Weight Loss forCreatine
  97. Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training on Muscle Strength Gains in Adults <50 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Wang Z; Qiu B; Li R; Han Y; Petersen C; Liu S; Zhang Y; Liu C; Candow DG; Del Coso J · Nutrients · 2024
    Meta-analysis509 participants23 studies pooledMuscle Gain forCreatine
  98. Comparative Effects of Dietary Protein, Creatine, and Omega-3 Supplementation on Muscle Strength, Endurance, and Recovery in Trained Athletes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
    Wang Z; Qin G; Kim BM · Nutrients · 2026
    Meta-analysis1,211 participants35 studies pooledMuscle Gain forCreatine
  99. Effects of caffeine on alertness.
    Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos A; Roehrs TA; Lipschutz L; Timms V; Roth T · Psychopharmacology · 1990
    Randomized trial24 participantsProductivity Boost forCaffeine
  100. Effects of Different Sources of Low-Dose Caffeine on Mood/Arousal and Cognitive Performance.
    Irwin C; McCartney D; Grant G; Delang N; Bartrim K; Cox GR; Desbrow B · Perceptual and motor skills · 2023
    Randomized trial22 participantsProductivity Boost forCaffeine
  101. Effects of caffeine, sleep loss, and stress on cognitive performance and mood during U.S. Navy SEAL training. Sea-Air-Land.
    Lieberman HR; Tharion WJ; Shukitt-Hale B; Speckman KL; Tulley R · Psychopharmacology · 2003
    Randomized trial68 participantsProductivity Boost forCaffeine
  102. A review of caffeine's effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance.
    McLellan TM; Caldwell JA; Lieberman HR · Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2017
    Narrative reviewProductivity Boost forCaffeine
  103. Acute caffeine supplementation as a nutrition-based strategy to mitigate sleep-loss-related cognitive and operational performance impairments in military personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Wang R; Wang W; Meng L; Hao G; Gu G · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Meta-analysis7 studies pooledProductivity Boost forCaffeine
  104. Creatine supplementation enhances corticomotor excitability and cognitive performance during oxygen deprivation.
    Turner CE; Byblow WD; Gant N · The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2015
    Randomized trial15 participantsProductivity Boost forCreatine
  105. The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive performance-a randomised controlled study.
    Sandkühler JF; Kersting X; Faust A; Königs EK; Altman G; Ettinger U; Lux S; Philipsen A; Müller H; Brauner J · BMC medicine · 2023
    Randomized trial123 participantsProductivity Boost forCreatine
  106. Single dose creatine improves cognitive performance and induces changes in cerebral high energy phosphates during sleep deprivation.
    Gordji-Nejad A; Matusch A; Kleedörfer S; Jayeshkumar Patel H; Drzezga A; Elmenhorst D; Binkofski F; Bauer A · Scientific reports · 2024
    Randomized trialProductivity Boost forCreatine
  107. Dietary supplementation of creatine monohydrate reduces the human fMRI BOLD signal.
    Hammett ST; Wall MB; Edwards TC; Smith AT · Neuroscience letters · 2010
    Non-randomized trialProductivity Boost forCreatine
  108. Association between coffee intake and skeletal muscle mass among U.S. adults: a population-based study.
    Yin H; Zhu W; Guo L; Li W; Liang M · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Cross-sectional study8,333 participantsWeight Gain forCaffeine
  109. Use of caffeine in 19,660 randomly selected U.S. adults: the role of overweight and obesity.
    Tucker LA; Beltran F · Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
    Cross-sectional study19,660 participantsWeight Gain forCaffeine
  110. Dietary caffeine intake is associated with favorable metabolic profile among apparently healthy overweight and obese individuals.
    Alshahrani SH; Atia YA; Badir RA; Almalki SG; Tayyib NA; Shahab S; Romero-Parra RM; Abid MK; Hussien BM; Ramaiah P · BMC endocrine disorders · 2023
    Cross-sectional study488 participantsWeight Gain forCaffeine
  111. Exploring parental prenatal influences on child health: A multicohort study and data visualisation tool.
    Sharp GC; Lawlor DA; Easey KE; Kundu S; Elhakeem A; Hone E; McEachan RRC; Magnus MC; Havdahl A; Relton CL · PLoS medicine · 2026
    Cohort study232,139 participantsWeight Gain forCaffeine
  112. Weight gain in older adolescent females: the internet, sleep, coffee, and alcohol.
    Berkey CS; Rockett HR; Colditz GA · The Journal of pediatrics · 2008
    Cohort study5,000 participantsWeight Gain forCaffeine
  113. Short-Term Creatine Supplementation and Repeated Sprint Ability-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Glaister M; Rhodes L · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2022
    Meta-analysis14 studies pooledWeight Gain forCreatine
  114. Effects of oral creatine supplementation on muscular strength and body composition.
    Becque MD; Lochmann JD; Melrose DR · Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2000
    Randomized trial23 participantsWeight Gain forCreatine
  115. Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysis.
    Branch JD · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2003
    Meta-analysis100 studies pooledWeight Gain forCreatine
  116. Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants.
    Verner A; Craig S; McGuire W · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2008
    Meta-analysis189 participants9 studies pooledWeight Gain forTaurine
  117. Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Growth in Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Cao SL; Jiang H; Niu SP; Wang XH; Du S · Indian journal of pediatrics · 2018
    Meta-analysis216 participants9 studies pooledWeight Gain forTaurine
  118. Oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity after taurine supplementation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
    Rosa FT; Freitas EC; Deminice R; Jordão AA; Marchini JS · European journal of nutrition · 2015
    Randomized trial24 participantsWeight Gain forTaurine
  119. Taurine and cholesterol supplementation in the term infant: responses of growth and metabolism.
    Rassin DK; Räihä NC; Minoli I; Moro G · JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 1990
    Non-randomized trialWeight Gain forTaurine
  120. Taurine supplementation prevents hyperaminoacidemia in growing term infants fed high-protein cow's milk formula.
    Räihä NC; Fazzolari-Nesci A; Boehm G · Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 1997
    Randomized trialWeight Gain forTaurine
  121. Changes in caffeine intake and long-term weight change in men and women.
    Lopez-Garcia E; van Dam RM; Rajpathak S; Willett WC; Manson JE; Hu FB · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2006
    Cohort study58,157 participantsWeight Loss forCaffeine
  122. Does caffeine ingestion before a short-term sprint interval training promote body fat loss?
    Ferreira GA; Felippe LC; Bertuzzi R; Bishop DJ; Ramos IS; De-Oliveira FR; Lima-Silva AE · Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2020
    Randomized trial20 participantsWeight Loss forCaffeine
  123. Eight Weeks of Sprint Interval Training With Adding Caffeine Ingestion Leads to Greater Improvements in Health-Related Physiological Parameters in Obese Male Adults.
    Zhiang J; Song Q · Physiological research · 2026
    Randomized trial30 participantsWeight Loss forCaffeine
  124. Caffeine treatment prevented from weight regain after calorie shifting diet induced weight loss.
    Davoodi SH; Hajimiresmaiel SJ; Ajami M; Mohseni-Bandpei A; Ayatollahi SA; Dowlatshahi K; Javedan G; Pazoki-Toroudi H · Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2014
    Non-randomized trial60 participantsWeight Loss forCaffeine
  125. The effects of caffeine intake on weight loss: a systematic review and dos-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Tabrizi R; Saneei P; Lankarani KB; Akbari M; Kolahdooz F; Esmaillzadeh A; Nadi-Ravandi S; Mazoochi M; Asemi Z · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis606 participants13 studies pooledWeight Loss forCaffeine
  126. Effects of creatine supplementation with and without exercise and diet intervention on body composition, cognitive function, and markers of health in middle-aged and older adults.
    Chun J; Liu Y; Kibler GL; Lee H; Babakhani K; Rhoades N; Bivins I; Ko J; Dickerson B; Gonzalez DE; Sowinski RJ; Rasmussen CJ; Kreider RB · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026
    Randomized trial64 participantsWeight Loss forCreatine
  127. Creatine supplementation protocols with or without training interventions on body composition: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
    Pashayee-Khamene F; Heidari Z; Asbaghi O; Ashtary-Larky D; Goudarzi K; Forbes SC; Candow DG; Bagheri R; Ghanavati M; Dutheil F · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024
    Meta-analysis3,655 participants143 studies pooledWeight Loss forCreatine
  128. Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Gummies on Performance and Body Composition in Female Beach Volleyball Athletes.
    Pereira F; Forbes SC; Romano V; Christopher P; Santana JC; Antonio J · Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026
    Randomized trial32 participantsWeight Loss forCreatine