Caffeine

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Caffeine is a naturally occurring central nervous system stimulant belonging to the methylxanthine class. It primarily works by blocking adenosine, a neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation and sleepiness. By inhibiting adenosine receptors, it increases the activity of stimulating neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to heightened alertness and reduced perception of fatigue. This mechanism results in several physiological effects, including increased brain activity, improved mood, and enhanced cognitive functions like reaction time and memory. It also has ergogenic effects, meaning it can support physical performance by mobilizing fatty acids for energy and reducing perceived exertion during exercise. However, these effects are dose-dependent and can vary significantly among individuals due to genetic factors and tolerance levels. While beneficial for short-term boosts in energy and focus, excessive intake may lead to adverse effects and dependency.

Natural sources
Coffee beansTea leaves (Camellia sinensis)Cocoa beans (chocolate)Guarana berriesYerba mateKola nuts

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Optimal Dosage
Minimum50 mg
Maximum200 mg
Safety & Toxicity
Upper Limit (UL)400 mg
Toxicity Threshold600 mg
Toxicity EffectInsomnia, anxiety, increased heart rate
6 safety notes
  • Avoid excessive intake, especially if sensitive to stimulants.
  • Individuals with heart conditions, anxiety disorders, or sleep disorders should consult a healthcare professional before use.
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women should limit or avoid caffeine.
  • Can interfere with sleep if consumed late in the day.
  • May exacerbate symptoms of anxiety or panic attacks in susceptible individuals.
  • Risk of dehydration, although moderate intake is generally not dehydrating.
Goals
Energy
Energy
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:50–400 mg

Caffeine is a well-established ergogenic aid that improves physical endurance, power output, and cognitive functions like focus and reaction time. Its ability to acutely reduce feelings of fatigue makes it one of the most reliable and immediate energy boosters.

Focuses on
AlertnessMental exhaustionReaction timePhysical performanceSustained attention
Most relevant for
Individuals seeking to temporarily mitigate performance declines and fatigue, particularly during sleep deprivation or demanding physical and mental tasks.

Potential benefits

  • Improved Alertness and Focus.Evidence indicates that caffeine improves vigilance, reaction time, and working memory, helping to maintain cognitive function during repetitive or lengthy tasks.
  • Performance During Sleep Loss.Studies show caffeine effectively reduces performance impairments caused by extended wakefulness, particularly for sustained attention and psychomotor tasks.
  • Reduced Perceived Fatigue.Caffeine can lower self-reported feelings of mental exhaustion and increase subjective energy, though this effect may be influenced by the presence of other nutrients like carbohydrates.

Limitations

  • Subjective vs Objective Gap.Caffeine may improve objective task performance even when users do not report a significant decrease in their subjective feelings of sleepiness or fatigue.
  • Withdrawal Reversal.In regular consumers, some energy benefits may reflect the relief of withdrawal symptoms like drowsiness and headaches rather than a net gain in energy.
  • Short-Term Effects.The stimulating effects are often temporary; some research noted increased tiredness and confusion a few hours after the initial energy boost.
Things to consider

Abruptly stopping regular intake can cause withdrawal symptoms including fatigue, headache, and irritability. Responses vary based on individual genetics and habitual consumption levels.

Study evidence

68 studies

Caffeine can temporarily improve alertness and some forms of mental or physical performance, but feeling more energetic is less consistent. Benefits vary with the task, sleep loss and individual response, while regular use can lead to withdrawal-related fatigue when caffeine is stopped.

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Fitness
Fitness
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:100–300 mg

Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, blocking adenosine receptors to fight fatigue. This allows for a higher work capacity and makes strenuous exercise feel easier, leading to improved performance in both strength and endurance activities.

Focuses on
Endurance performanceMovement velocityTime to exhaustionPower outputMuscular endurance
Most relevant for
Athletes and fitness enthusiasts seeking an acute boost in endurance and power during high-intensity training sessions.

Potential benefits

  • Endurance Enhancement.Improves completion times and increases the time to exhaustion in activities like cycling and running.
  • Increased Movement Speed.Enhances mean and peak velocity during resistance exercises across various load intensities.
  • Improved Power Output.Supports higher power production and total repetitions to failure during both upper and lower body exercises.

Limitations

  • Heat Strain.In hot environments, caffeine may increase core temperature and physiological strain without providing a performance benefit.
  • Genetic Influence.Variations in the CYP1A2 gene can significantly impact effectiveness, with some genotypes experiencing no benefit or diminished performance.
  • Habituation Effects.Regular daily consumption can lead to tolerance, which may reduce the immediate performance response during exercise.
Things to consider

High doses above 9 mg/kg and exercise in temperatures over 30 degrees Celsius may increase heart rate and thermal stress without providing additional performance benefits.

Study evidence

255 studies

Caffeine can improve exercise performance, particularly endurance and some aspects of strength and power. The evidence mainly concerns immediate performance effects, not lasting fitness gains, and benefits vary by activity and individual; research in hot conditions also identifies increased heat strain.

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Mental Focus
Mental Focus
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:50–200 mg

Caffeine is one of the most well-researched ergogenic aids for both physical and mental performance. It directly counteracts drowsiness and has been shown to improve reaction time, attention, and executive function, providing a tangible and immediate boost to focus.

Focuses on
VigilanceReaction speedSustained attentionAlertnessTarget detection
Most relevant for
Individuals needing to maintain wakefulness and rapid response times during repetitive tasks or periods of sleep loss.

Potential benefits

  • Improved reaction speed.Controlled trials consistently show that caffeine reduces response times for visual and auditory stimuli in both regular and non-habitual users.
  • Maintained vigilance during fatigue.Research indicates caffeine effectively reduces attention lapses and maintains performance on sustained tasks when sleep is restricted.
  • Enhanced selective attention.Evidence suggests caffeine helps focus on specific goal-directed targets and can improve accuracy in certain selective attention tests like the Stroop task.

Limitations

  • Risk of increased errors.Caffeine can be a double-edged sword; while it increases speed, it may increase commission errors (mistakes) and impair inhibitory control in complex tasks.
  • Negligible effect on complex reasoning.Benefits are primarily restricted to basic attention and motor speed; it often fails to improve higher-order executive functions like placekeeping or procedural memory.
  • Tolerance and withdrawal confounding.In habitual users, apparent focus benefits may reflect the reversal of withdrawal symptoms (like sleepiness) rather than a net gain in cognitive performance.
Things to consider

Common side effects include jitteriness, anxiety, and increased blood pressure, which can offset focus benefits; it does not fully restore cognitive function lost to sleep deprivation.

Study evidence

128 studies

Caffeine can temporarily improve alertness, reaction speed and sustained attention, including during sleep loss. Its effects on more complex mental focus are less consistent, and habitual use, withdrawal and jitteriness can influence whether feeling more awake translates into better performance.

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Metabolism Boost
Metabolism Boost
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:100–300 mg

Caffeine acts as a potent thermogenic agent, increasing both resting metabolic rate and total daily energy expenditure. It stimulates the release of catecholamines like adrenaline, which mobilize fatty acids from fat tissue to be used as fuel.

Focuses on
Resting metabolic rateFat oxidationEnergy expenditureThermogenesisAerobic work capacity
Most relevant for
Individuals seeking a temporary increase in resting energy expenditure or enhanced fat utilization during aerobic exercise.

Potential benefits

  • Temporary metabolic rate elevation.Acute caffeine ingestion can increase resting energy expenditure by approximately 3% to 7% for several hours following consumption.
  • Increased fat oxidation during exercise.Research indicates caffeine can enhance the rate of fat utilization as fuel during submaximal aerobic exercise, particularly in individuals not habituated to caffeine.
  • Extended aerobic work capacity.Caffeine may increase the total work performed above critical power by allowing for longer maintenance of exercise at a maximal oxidative metabolic rate.

Limitations

  • Diminished effects from habituation.The metabolic benefits, particularly regarding fat oxidation, may be significantly reduced or absent in regular caffeine consumers compared to caffeine-naive individuals.
  • Reduced response in obesity.Some evidence suggests that the magnitude of caffeine-induced thermogenesis and lipid oxidation is lower in individuals with obesity compared to lean individuals.
  • Uncertain long term weight impact.Short-term increases in energy expenditure and fat burning have not been established as a reliable mechanism for sustained weight loss or long-term weight management.
Things to consider

Acute caffeine intake can reduce insulin sensitivity and impair glucose regulation in both healthy individuals and those with diabetes. Doses of 5 mg/kg or higher may also increase cardiovascular strain, including elevated heart rate and blood pressure, during exercise.

Study evidence

40 studies

Caffeine can temporarily increase resting energy expenditure and fat use during some types of exercise, but these effects vary and do not establish lasting weight loss. It can also reduce insulin sensitivity, so a short-term “metabolism boost” does not necessarily mean better metabolic health.

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Muscle Gain
Muscle Gain
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:150–400 mg

By making workouts feel easier and enabling greater force production, it allows for a higher quality training session. This directly translates to a more potent stimulus for muscle growth.

Focuses on
Maximal StrengthPower OutputMuscular EnduranceTraining VolumePerceived Exertion
Most relevant for
Resistance-trained individuals seeking to maximize workout intensity and volume to support long-term growth.

Potential benefits

  • Acute Strength and Power.Caffeine intake of 3 to 8 mg/kg can increase maximal voluntary muscle force and power output, especially during high-load exercises like squats and bench presses.
  • Enhanced Training Volume.By increasing the number of repetitions performed before reaching failure, caffeine allows for greater total training volume during a session.
  • Hypertrophic Stimulus (unconfirmed).Unconfirmed. Caffeine may indirectly support muscle gain by enabling higher-quality training sessions, though there is no direct evidence it stimulates muscle growth independently of exercise.

Limitations

  • No Direct Muscle Accretion.Systematic reviews of training studies indicate that caffeine does not significantly increase muscle mass or lean body mass compared to resistance training alone.
  • Variable Body-Part Response.Research shows inconsistent results between upper and lower body exercises, with some studies observing strength improvements only in specific muscle groups.
  • Genetic Variability.Individual response is influenced by genetics; for example, people with the CC genotype of the CYP1A2 gene may experience decreased strength following caffeine intake.
Things to consider

Effective doses for strength (typically 6 to 8 mg/kg) are high and may cause side effects like jitters or sleep disruption. Responses may also vary based on your habitual caffeine consumption.

Study evidence

31 studies

Caffeine can improve strength, power, or muscular endurance during exercise, but this does not establish greater muscle growth. The available training studies do not show a clear added muscle-building benefit, and performance responses vary between people and exercises.

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Productivity Boost
Productivity Boost
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:100–300 mg

Caffeine acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist, blocking the signals that induce drowsiness. This leads to increased neuronal firing and the release of excitatory neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, resulting in a tangible boost in focus and wakefulness.

Focuses on
AlertnessSustained attentionReaction speedReduced perceived fatigue
Most relevant for
Individuals needing a short-term boost in vigilance and reaction speed, particularly during repetitive tasks or periods of acute sleep loss.

Potential benefits

  • Enhanced Alertness.Increases physiological alertness and reduces the sensation of sleepiness, helping maintain focus during tasks that require steady attention.
  • Faster Reaction Times.Consistently reduces the time needed to respond to stimuli, supporting better efficiency in speed-dependent tasks.
  • Mitigates Fatigue Deficits.Helps maintain vigilance and basic task execution speed during acute sleep deprivation or high-stress conditions.

Limitations

  • Inconsistent Complex Cognition.Does not reliably improve higher-order executive functions such as memory, judgment, or complex problem-solving.
  • Waning Efficacy with Sleep Loss.Alertness benefits may disappear by the fourth day of continuous sleep restriction, and it cannot replace the restorative effects of sleep.
  • Risk of Performance Errors.In some scenarios, such as those requiring inhibitory control or fine accuracy, it may actually increase errors or slow specific reaction times.
Things to consider

Commonly causes jitteriness, nervousness, and increased blood pressure. Frequent use can lead to tolerance, and it may delay the recovery of natural alertness after periods of prolonged sleep loss.

Study evidence

108 studies

Caffeine can improve alertness, sustained attention, and response speed, which may help with some tasks. These effects do not reliably translate into better complex thinking or overall productivity, and benefits during sleep loss can fade while nervousness or errors increase.

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Showing 6 of 8 goals

Studies

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Interactions

Positive Interactions

Theanine
Theanine can mitigate the 'jitters' and anxiety associated with caffeine while enhancing its cognitive benefits, promoting a state of 'calm alertness'.
Tyrosine
Tyrosine, a precursor to neurotransmitters, may synergize with caffeine to improve focus and mental performance, especially during stressful conditions or sleep deprivation.
Creatine
Both caffeine and creatine are ergogenic aids that can improve exercise performance, potentially offering additive benefits when combined for athletic activities.
Theobromine
Theobromine, a milder stimulant often found with caffeine, can provide a sustained, smoother energy boost and enhance overall alertness.

Negative Interactions

Valerian
Caffeine's stimulating effects can counteract the sedative and relaxation-promoting properties of Valerian, potentially reducing its effectiveness for sleep or anxiety.
Melatonin
Caffeine can interfere with the body's natural melatonin production and its ability to induce sleep, thereby diminishing the efficacy of melatonin supplements.
GABA
Caffeine, a stimulant, may counteract the calming and relaxation effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, potentially reducing its therapeutic benefits.
Guarana
Guarana naturally contains caffeine; combining it with supplemental caffeine can lead to excessive stimulant intake, increasing the risk of side effects like nervousness, jitters, and insomnia.
Green Tea
Green Tea contains caffeine; combining it with supplemental caffeine can increase total caffeine intake, potentially leading to overstimulation and adverse effects.
Sources

Up to five highest-ranked published examples per goal. Study counts and charts include all published studies for the connection.

  1. Cognitive and mood improvements of caffeine in habitual consumers and habitual non-consumers of caffeine.
    Haskell CF; Kennedy DO; Wesnes KA; Scholey AB · Psychopharmacology · 2005
    Randomized trial48 participantsEnergy
  2. Caffeine-containing energy drink improves physical performance of elite rugby players during a simulated match.
    Del Coso J; Ramírez JA; Muñoz G; Portillo J; Gonzalez-Millán C; Muñoz V; Barbero-Álvarez JC; Muñoz-Guerra J · Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme · 2016
    Randomized trial26 participantsEnergy
  3. Differential cognitive effects of energy drink ingredients: caffeine, taurine, and glucose.
    Giles GE; Mahoney CR; Brunyé TT; Gardony AL; Taylor HA; Kanarek RB · Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2013
    Randomized trial48 participantsEnergy
  4. Does Single or Combined Caffeine and Taurine Supplementation Improve Athletic and Cognitive Performance without Affecting Fatigue Level in Elite Boxers? A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
    Ozan M; Buzdagli Y; Eyipinar CD; Baygutalp NK; Yüce N; Oget F; Kan E; Baygutalp F · Nutrients · 2022
    Randomized trial20 participantsEnergy
  5. Trait Energy and Fatigue Modify the Effects of Caffeine on Mood, Cognitive and Fine-Motor Task Performance: A Post-Hoc Study.
    Fuller DT; Smith ML; Boolani A · Nutrients · 2021
    Randomized trialEnergy
  6. Effect of caffeine ingestion on cycling performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Wu J; Xu K; Yin M; Ding X; Wang T; Zhang Q; Wu X; Xiao N · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Meta-analysis226 participants20 studies pooledFitness
  7. Effects of Caffeine Intake on Endurance Running Performance and Time to Exhaustion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Wang Z; Qiu B; Gao J; Del Coso J · Nutrients · 2023
    Meta-analysis254 participants21 studies pooledFitness
  8. Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Movement Velocity in Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
    Raya-González J; Rendo-Urteaga T; Domínguez R; Castillo D; Rodríguez-Fernández A; Grgic J · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021
    Meta-analysis12 studies pooledFitness
  9. Sex Differences in the Ergogenic Response of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Strength, Power and Endurance Performance in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Montalvo-Alonso JJ; Ferragut C; Del Val-Manzano M; Valadés D; Roberts J; Pérez-López A · Nutrients · 2024
    Randomized trial76 participantsFitness
  10. Can I Have My Coffee and Drink It? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Determine Whether Habitual Caffeine Consumption Affects the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine.
    Carvalho A; Marticorena FM; Grecco BH; Barreto G; Saunders B · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022
    Meta-analysis60 studies pooledFitness
  11. Effects of modafinil and caffeine on night-time vigilance of air force crewmembers: A randomized controlled trial.
    Wingelaar-Jagt YQ; Bottenheft C; Riedel WJ; Ramaekers JG · Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023
    Randomized trial32 participantsMental Focus
  12. Acute effects of caffeine on attention: a comparison of non-consumers and withdrawn consumers.
    Smith AP; Christopher G; Sutherland D · Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2013
    Randomized trial70 participantsMental Focus
  13. Performance and alertness effects of caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil during sleep deprivation.
    Wesensten NJ; Killgore WD; Balkin TJ · Journal of sleep research · 2006
    Randomized trial48 participantsMental Focus
  14. Effects of caffeine on mood and performance: a study of realistic consumption.
    Brice CF; Smith AP · Psychopharmacology · 2003
    Clinical trial24 participantsMental Focus
  15. Effects of caffeine or diphenhydramine on visual vigilance.
    Fine BJ; Kobrick JL; Lieberman HR; Marlowe B; Riley RH; Tharion WJ · Psychopharmacology · 1995
    Randomized trial24 participantsMental Focus
  16. A Randomized Study to Examine the Ability of a Caffeine-Based Energy Drink to Impact Energy Expenditure, Fat Oxidation, and Cognitive Performance.
    Krieger J; Schrautemeier A; Hagele A; Gaige C; Mennemeyer O; Tolbert S; Iannotti J; Kerksick C; Noonan C; Mumford P · Nutrients · 2025
    Randomized trial60 participantsMetabolism Boost
  17. Oolong tea increases metabolic rate and fat oxidation in men.
    Rumpler W; Seale J; Clevidence B; Judd J; Wiley E; Yamamoto S; Komatsu T; Sawaki T; Ishikura Y; Hosoda K · The Journal of nutrition · 2001
    Randomized trial12 participantsMetabolism Boost
  18. Effect of caffeine intake on fat oxidation rate during exercise: is there a dose-response effect?
    Gutiérrez-Hellín J; Aguilar-Navarro M; Ruiz-Moreno C; Muñoz A; Varillas-Delgado D; Amaro-Gahete FJ; Del Coso J · European journal of nutrition · 2023
    Randomized trial18 participantsMetabolism Boost
  19. Comparison of changes in energy expenditure and body temperatures after caffeine consumption.
    Koot P; Deurenberg P · Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 1995
    Randomized trial12 participantsMetabolism Boost
  20. Caffeine Increases Work Done above Critical Power, but Not Anaerobic Work.
    Silveira R; Andrade-Souza VA; Arcoverde L; Tomazini F; Sansonio A; Bishop DJ; Bertuzzi R; Lima-Silva AE · Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2018
    Randomized trial9 participantsMetabolism Boost
  21. Effects of Acute Ingestion of Caffeine Capsules on Muscle Strength and Muscle Endurance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Wu W; Chen Z; Zhou H; Wang L; Li X; Lv Y; Sun T; Yu L · Nutrients · 2024
    Meta-analysis14 studies pooledMuscle Gain
  22. Acute caffeine intake improves muscular strength, power, and endurance performance, reversing the time-of-day effect regardless of muscle activation level in resistance-trained males: a randomized controlled trial.
    Montalvo-Alonso JJ; Del Val-Manzano M; Cerezo-Telléz E; Ferragut C; Valadés D; Rodríguez-Falces J; Pérez-López A · European journal of applied physiology · 2025
    Randomized trial13 participantsMuscle Gain
  23. Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance-an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses.
    Grgic J; Grgic I; Pickering C; Schoenfeld BJ; Bishop DJ; Pedisic Z · British journal of sports medicine · 2020
    Systematic review21 studies pooledMuscle Gain
  24. Effects of caffeine intake on muscle strength and power: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Grgic J; Trexler ET; Lazinica B; Pedisic Z · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2018
    Meta-analysis20 studies pooledMuscle Gain
  25. Caffeine increases strength and power performance in resistance-trained females during early follicular phase.
    Norum M; Risvang LC; Bjørnsen T; Dimitriou L; Rønning PO; Bjørgen M; Raastad T · Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2021
    Randomized trial15 participantsMuscle Gain
  26. Effects of caffeine on alertness.
    Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos A; Roehrs TA; Lipschutz L; Timms V; Roth T · Psychopharmacology · 1990
    Randomized trial24 participantsProductivity Boost
  27. Effects of Different Sources of Low-Dose Caffeine on Mood/Arousal and Cognitive Performance.
    Irwin C; McCartney D; Grant G; Delang N; Bartrim K; Cox GR; Desbrow B · Perceptual and motor skills · 2023
    Randomized trial22 participantsProductivity Boost
  28. Effects of caffeine, sleep loss, and stress on cognitive performance and mood during U.S. Navy SEAL training. Sea-Air-Land.
    Lieberman HR; Tharion WJ; Shukitt-Hale B; Speckman KL; Tulley R · Psychopharmacology · 2003
    Randomized trial68 participantsProductivity Boost
  29. A review of caffeine's effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance.
    McLellan TM; Caldwell JA; Lieberman HR · Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2017
    Narrative reviewProductivity Boost
  30. Acute caffeine supplementation as a nutrition-based strategy to mitigate sleep-loss-related cognitive and operational performance impairments in military personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Wang R; Wang W; Meng L; Hao G; Gu G · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Meta-analysis7 studies pooledProductivity Boost
  31. Association between coffee intake and skeletal muscle mass among U.S. adults: a population-based study.
    Yin H; Zhu W; Guo L; Li W; Liang M · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Cross-sectional study8,333 participantsWeight Gain
  32. Use of caffeine in 19,660 randomly selected U.S. adults: the role of overweight and obesity.
    Tucker LA; Beltran F · Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
    Cross-sectional study19,660 participantsWeight Gain
  33. Dietary caffeine intake is associated with favorable metabolic profile among apparently healthy overweight and obese individuals.
    Alshahrani SH; Atia YA; Badir RA; Almalki SG; Tayyib NA; Shahab S; Romero-Parra RM; Abid MK; Hussien BM; Ramaiah P · BMC endocrine disorders · 2023
    Cross-sectional study488 participantsWeight Gain
  34. Exploring parental prenatal influences on child health: A multicohort study and data visualisation tool.
    Sharp GC; Lawlor DA; Easey KE; Kundu S; Elhakeem A; Hone E; McEachan RRC; Magnus MC; Havdahl A; Relton CL · PLoS medicine · 2026
    Cohort study232,139 participantsWeight Gain
  35. Weight gain in older adolescent females: the internet, sleep, coffee, and alcohol.
    Berkey CS; Rockett HR; Colditz GA · The Journal of pediatrics · 2008
    Cohort study5,000 participantsWeight Gain
  36. Changes in caffeine intake and long-term weight change in men and women.
    Lopez-Garcia E; van Dam RM; Rajpathak S; Willett WC; Manson JE; Hu FB · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2006
    Cohort study58,157 participantsWeight Loss
  37. Does caffeine ingestion before a short-term sprint interval training promote body fat loss?
    Ferreira GA; Felippe LC; Bertuzzi R; Bishop DJ; Ramos IS; De-Oliveira FR; Lima-Silva AE · Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2020
    Randomized trial20 participantsWeight Loss
  38. Eight Weeks of Sprint Interval Training With Adding Caffeine Ingestion Leads to Greater Improvements in Health-Related Physiological Parameters in Obese Male Adults.
    Zhiang J; Song Q · Physiological research · 2026
    Randomized trial30 participantsWeight Loss
  39. Caffeine treatment prevented from weight regain after calorie shifting diet induced weight loss.
    Davoodi SH; Hajimiresmaiel SJ; Ajami M; Mohseni-Bandpei A; Ayatollahi SA; Dowlatshahi K; Javedan G; Pazoki-Toroudi H · Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2014
    Non-randomized trial60 participantsWeight Loss
  40. The effects of caffeine intake on weight loss: a systematic review and dos-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Tabrizi R; Saneei P; Lankarani KB; Akbari M; Kolahdooz F; Esmaillzadeh A; Nadi-Ravandi S; Mazoochi M; Asemi Z · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis606 participants13 studies pooledWeight Loss