Product Image

Bone Food Unflavored

California Gold Nutrition
4.7
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(7124 ratings)
Vitamin K 120 mcg
Calcium 250 mg
Hyaluronic Acid 60 mg
Protein (unspecified) 4 Gram(s)
Product Image
Score84
A well-designed mix of marine collagen, citrate minerals, D3, MK-7, zinc, vitamin C, and hyaluronic acid supports bone and connective tissue. Moderate mineral amounts and K2 medication concerns are the main trade-offs.
How scoring works
Quantity:14 Ounce(s) • (60 servings)
Goals:
Anti-Aging
Bone Health
General Health
Heart Health

Score 84

A well-designed mix of marine collagen, citrate minerals, D3, MK-7, zinc, vitamin C, and hyaluronic acid supports bone and connective tissue. Moderate mineral amounts and K2 medication concerns are the main trade-offs.
How scoring works
$34.64($0.57 per serving)
iHerb
$ 34.64
iHerb
$ 34.64
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Analysis

Five grams of hydrolyzed marine collagen provide the structural base, supported by 60 mg hyaluronic acid and 90 mg vitamin C as calcium ascorbate. The combination is well aligned with connective tissue and healthy-aging goals.

Calcium citrate, magnesium citrate, vitamin D3, MK-7, and zinc methionine add coordinated bone support in clearly identified forms. The 250 mg calcium, 75 mg magnesium, and 5 mcg vitamin D amounts make useful contributions but do not fully cover daily needs on their own.

An unflavored powder and 60-serving supply suit users who want to combine collagen and minerals in one routine. The marine source is clearly named, while the complete fish species and excipient details would help people with source-specific restrictions.

Who is it for
  • Adults seeking combined bone and connective-tissue support
  • People who prefer hydrolyzed marine collagen
  • Users who want a 60-serving unflavored powder
Best for
  • Healthy-aging support
  • Bone and connective-tissue routines
  • Combined collagen and mineral supplementation

Pros

  • Provides 5 grams of hydrolyzed marine collagen
  • Uses calcium and magnesium citrate
  • Includes vitamin D3 and MK-7
  • Adds hyaluronic acid, vitamin C, and zinc methionine

Cons

  • Calcium and magnesium amounts do not fully cover daily needs
  • Vitamin D amount is modest
  • The specific marine collagen source is not disclosed
  • Powder preparation is less convenient than a single capsule

Warnings

  • MK-7 can counter vitamin K antagonist medicines such as warfarin; intake should remain consistent and medically coordinated.
  • Marine collagen is fish derived and is unsuitable for people with a relevant fish allergy unless the exact source is confirmed safe.

Nutrient quality

93 Highest impact

The formula closely fits bone matrix, mineral handling, and connective-tissue support. Collagen and MK-7 are substantial, while calcium, magnesium, vitamin D3, zinc, and hyaluronic acid provide more modest support.

Ingredient transparency

81 Highest impact

No proprietary blend hides a key dose. The complete flavoring, carrier, or inactive-ingredient statement is not supplied.

Customer satisfaction

73 High impact

Feedback volume is substantial enough to stabilize the aggregate signal. No complaint text is supplied, so repeated negative themes cannot be assessed.

Value for money

86 Highest impact

Every major active contributes to the core formula. The serving provides useful structural support at a moderate relative cost.

Report analysis

Goals

Anti-Aging
Anti-Aging
Impact
Highest effect
A Goal FitA Strength of SupportA+ CoverageA Formula Quality
Magnesium · 75 mgVitamin K · 120 mcgVitamin D · 5 mcgCollagen · 5 Gram(s)

Hydrolyzed marine collagen, MK-7, vitamin C, and hyaluronic acid combine structural, vascular, and skin-hydration support. The 5 g collagen and 120 mcg MK-7 amounts provide strong depth, while 60 mg hyaluronic acid is more modest.

The broad formula covers several visible and physiological aspects of aging without relying on a proprietary active blend. Vitamin K2 can oppose warfarin-type anticoagulants and requires prescriber guidance for users of those medicines.

Study evidence
Collagen Supportive 33 studies
Hyaluronic Acid Supportive 76 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 30 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 27 studies
Bone Health
Bone Health
Impact
Highest effect
A Goal FitB+ Strength of SupportA- CoverageA Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 120 mcgMagnesium · 75 mgCalcium · 250 mgVitamin D · 5 mcgZinc · 2.75 mgVitamin C · 90 mgCollagen · 5 Gram(s)

Hydrolyzed marine collagen, 120 mcg MK-7, calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D3 create broad support for both the flexible bone matrix and mineral handling. The collagen and MK-7 amounts are particularly meaningful, while the calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D3 amounts provide more modest nutritional support.

Clear ingredient forms make the formula easy to assess, and the focused combination avoids a long list of trace additions. The MK-7 dose can interfere with stable warfarin therapy, and marine collagen makes the powder unsuitable for people with fish allergy.

Study evidence
Calcium Supportive 144 studies
Collagen Supportive 16 studies
Magnesium Supportive 48 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 202 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 78 studies
General Health
General Health
Impact
Highest effect
B+ Goal FitB Strength of SupportB- CoverageA- Formula Quality
Vitamin D · 5 mcgMagnesium · 75 mgVitamin K · 120 mcgCollagen · 5 Gram(s)Zinc · 2.75 mgVitamin C · 90 mg

The powder combines collagen peptides with calcium, magnesium, vitamin D3, vitamin K2, and vitamin C for focused structural support. Collagen has a substantial amount, while the mineral and vitamin forms are clearly identified.

Several mineral amounts and vitamin D are modest, so the formula provides supportive rather than comprehensive daily coverage. Vitamin K2 can oppose warfarin, and the milk-derived protein makes the product unsuitable for people with a milk allergy.

Study evidence
Collagen Supportive 31 studies
Magnesium Supportive 114 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 56 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 115 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 34 studies
Heart Health
Heart Health
Impact
High effect
B Goal FitB Strength of SupportC+ CoverageB+ Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 120 mcgMagnesium · 75 mgVitamin D · 5 mcg

Vitamin K2 as MK-7 supports calcium management, with vitamin D3 and magnesium adding related mineral pathways. The 120 mcg MK-7 amount is clearly stated and well aligned with targeted use.

The dry powder has no lipid carrier, and its collagen and hyaluronic acid focus is more relevant to bone and connective tissue than the heart. Vitamin K2 can affect warfarin control, so people using vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants need clinician-guided consistency.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 158 studies
Vitamin K Mixed 62 studies
Cardiovascular Support
Cardiovascular Support
Impact
Moderate effect
C+ Goal FitC+ Strength of SupportD CoverageD+ Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 120 mcgMagnesium · 75 mgVitamin D · 5 mcgVitamin C · 90 mg

Vitamin K2, magnesium, and vitamin C provide partial support for vascular calcium handling, tone, and antioxidant defense. Marine collagen and the broader formula are directed mainly at bone and connective tissue rather than cardiovascular health.

MK-7 and citrate forms are favorable, but vitamin K and vitamin D appear duplicated with the same stated amounts. Vitamin K2 can interfere with warfarin and related vitamin K antagonist therapy, while marine collagen may trigger fish allergy.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 123 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 101 studies
Vitamin D Mixed 170 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 40 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Calories
20 Calorie(s)
Protein
4 Gram(s)
Vitamin C (Calcium Ascorbate)
 90 mg
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol, Vitamin D3)
 5 mcg
Vitamin K (Menaquinone-7, Vitamin K2)
 120 mcg
Calcium (Calcium Citrate)
 250 mg
Magnesium (Magnesium Citrate)
 75 mg
Zinc (Zinc Methionine)
 2.75 mg
Sodium
10 mg
Marine Collagen Peptides, Hydrolyzed
5 Gram(s)
Hyaluronic Acid (Sodium Hyaluronate)
 60 mg
Gluten Free Adults 18–50 Dairy Free
Report overview
Vitamin K (Menaquinone-7, Vitamin K2) · 120 mcg OverallScore77
C+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD+ Value

The 120 mcg MK-7 dose is clearly disclosed and fits the targeted range for bone and cardiovascular support. The collagen, minerals, and added vitamin D3 partly justify the high serving cost, but no premium MK-7 source is named. The MK-7 dose can affect warfarin control, so people using vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants need clinician-guided consistency.

View ingredientView products
Calcium (Calcium Citrate) · 250 mg OverallScore71
A- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityB+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

Calcium citrate provides a well-absorbed form, though the 250 mg serving is modest for people relying on a supplement for most of their calcium. Vitamin D3, vitamin K2, magnesium, and marine collagen broaden the bone-support formula, but they come with a relatively high serving cost. The 120 mcg vitamin K2 amount can oppose warfarin and other vitamin K antagonist therapy, so people using those medicines need clinician-directed consistency.

View ingredientView products
Hyaluronic Acid (Sodium Hyaluronate) · 60 mg OverallScore66
D+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityB- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyB+ Value

Sodium hyaluronate provides a stable oral form, though no low-molecular-weight processing is claimed. The amount matches the collection median but falls below the typical clinical range. The source is undisclosed despite clear amount labeling. The serving cost is reasonable for the amount supplied.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
79 Performance

Cal-Mag Citrate with Vitamin D-3 & K-2 2:1 Ratio

Solaray
<p>Substantial calcium and magnesium are paired with vitamin D3 and MK-7 for more intensive mineral support than the original. Magnesium oxide and a six-capsule serving reduce formulation quality and convenience, and it omits collagen and hyaluronic acid.</p>
70 Performance

Organic Plant Calcium

Garden of Life MyKind Organics
<p>Algae-derived calcium, vitamin D, and MK-7 provide a focused plant-oriented bone formula with far more calcium than the original. Magnesium is light and a large plant blend is not broken down, while connective-tissue ingredients are absent.</p>
63 Performance

Teeth & Gums

Codeage
<p>Algae calcium, calcium citrate malate, MK-7, vitamin C, zinc, and collagen cover bone and connective-tissue nutrition in one formula. The vitamin D3 amount exceeds the usual adult daily upper limit, and the collagen and probiotic blends conceal their components.</p>
83 Budget

Nutra-Support Bone

Carlson
<p>The lower serving cost retains calcium citrate, magnesium citrate, vitamin D3, chelated zinc and manganese, and boron in a coherent bone formula. It omits collagen, hyaluronic acid, and vitamin K2, while the four-softgel serving may be less convenient.</p>
78 Budget

Cal/Mag/Vit D3 with Vitamin K2

NaturesPlus
<p>The lower serving cost provides chelated calcium and magnesium with vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 in a longer supply. Calcium and magnesium amounts are very high, and the short-acting K2 form is modest for that form.</p>
82 Budget

Micellar Casein Unflavored

NOW Sports
<p>The lower serving cost supplies 19 g of slow-digesting protein and 324 mg of calcium, making it useful when protein intake is the priority. It lacks vitamin D3, vitamin K2, collagen, and hyaluronic acid, so it is much less complete for focused bone support.</p>
75 Value

Stronger Bones

Garden of Life Dr. Formulated
<p>At a similar serving cost, a short formula provides vitamin D3, vitamin K1, MK-7, and a large calcium amount for focused bone support. The calcium amount is high, K2 is modest, and the eggshell source may matter for people with egg allergy.</p>
67 Value

Shark Cartilage 750 mg

NOW
<p>For a small cost increase, the serving supplies substantial calcium and some protein in a concise formula. The calcium form is undefined, vitamin D and vitamin K are absent, and the shark source raises sustainability concerns, so the value is limited to calcium quantity.</p>
76 Value

Cal/Mag/Vit D3 with Vitamin K2

NaturesPlus
<p>A small cost increase adds large amounts of chelated calcium and magnesium with vitamin D3 and vitamin K2. The mineral amounts are very high and the short-acting K2 form is lightly dosed, while collagen and hyaluronic acid are omitted.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Effectiveness and Safety of a Cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid Plus Mannitol Filler for the Correction of Nasolabial Folds in Chinese Subjects: A Randomized, Blinded, Controlled Study.
    Wu Y; Ascher B; Yang Z; Bi H; Li L; Zhao H; Wang H; Zhang J; Luo SK · Aesthetic surgery journal · 2026
    Randomized trial390 participantsAnti-Aging forHyaluronic Acid
  2. The Effect of Local Hyaluronic Acid Injection on Skin Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Zhou R; Yu M · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025
    Meta-analysis12 studies pooledAnti-Aging forHyaluronic Acid
  3. Comparison of concurrent treatment with vitamin K2 and risedronate compared with treatment with risedronate alone in patients with osteoporosis: Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial-03.
    Tanaka S; Miyazaki T; Uemura Y; Miyakawa N; Gorai I; Nakamura T; Fukunaga M; Ohashi Y; Ohta H; Mori S; Hagino H; Hosoi T; Sugimoto T; Itoi E; Orimo H; Shiraki M · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2018
    Randomized trial1,874 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  4. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.
    Knapen MH; Drummen NE; Smit E; Vermeer C; Theuwissen E · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial244 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  5. Vitamin K supplementation in postmenopausal women with osteopenia (ECKO trial): a randomized controlled trial.
    Cheung AM; Tile L; Lee Y; Tomlinson G; Hawker G; Scher J; Hu H; Vieth R; Thompson L; Jamal S; Josse R · PLoS medicine · 2009
    Randomized trial440 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  6. Associations of dietary calcium intake with metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density among the Korean population: KNHANES 2008-2011.
    Kim MK; Chon SJ; Noe EB; Roh YH; Yun BH; Cho S; Choi YS; Lee BS; Seo SK · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018
    Cross-sectional study14,705 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  7. Relationship between bone mineral density changes and risk of fractures among patients receiving calcium with or without vitamin D supplementation: a meta-regression.
    Rabenda V; Bruyère O; Reginster JY · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2011
    Meta-analysis47,365 participants15 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
  8. Bone turnover and the response to alendronate treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
    Gonnelli S; Cepollaro C; Pondrelli C; Martini S; Montagnani A; Monaco R; Gennari C · Calcified tissue international · 1999
    Randomized trial100 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  9. Menaquinone-7 supplementation improves arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women. A double-blind randomised clinical trial.
    Knapen MH; Braam LA; Drummen NE; Bekers O; Hoeks AP; Vermeer C · Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2016
    Randomized trial244 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  10. Interventions to Attenuate Cardiovascular Calcification Progression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
    Murali S; Smith ER; Tiong MK; Tan SJ; Toussaint ND · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024
    Systematic review9,901 participants49 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  11. Oral intake of collagen peptide NS improves hydration, elasticity, desquamation, and wrinkling in human skin: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
    Lee M; Kim E; Ahn H; Son S; Lee H · Food & function · 2023
    Randomized trial100 participantsAnti-Aging forCollagen
  12. Effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on skin aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    de Miranda RB; Weimer P; Rossi RC · International journal of dermatology · 2021
    Meta-analysis1,125 participants19 studies pooledAnti-Aging forCollagen
  13. Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
    Proksch E; Segger D; Degwert J; Schunck M; Zague V; Oesser S · Skin pharmacology and physiology · 2014
    Randomized trial69 participantsAnti-Aging forCollagen
  14. Skin Anti-Aging and Moisturizing Effects of Low-Molecular-Weight Collagen Peptide Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
    Lee E; Ahn DK; Kim JH; Lee S; Kim HJ; Lee HK; Shin JH · Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025
    Randomized trial70 participantsAnti-Aging forCollagen
  15. Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis.
    Proksch E; Schunck M; Zague V; Segger D; Degwert J; Oesser S · Skin pharmacology and physiology · 2014
    Randomized trial114 participantsAnti-Aging forCollagen
  16. A hyaluronic acid-based micro-filler improves superficial wrinkles and skin quality: a randomized prospective controlled multicenter study.
    Fanian F; Deutsch JJ; Bousquet MT; Boisnic S; Andre P; Catoni I; Beilin G; Lemmel C; Taieb M; Gomel-Toledano M; Issa H; Garcia P · The Journal of dermatological treatment · 2023
    Randomized trial146 participantsAnti-Aging forHyaluronic Acid
  17. Safety and Effectiveness of a Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Filler in Korean Patients for the Correction of Nasolabial Folds: A Randomized, Patient- and Evaluator-Blinded, Paired Study.
    Lee SH; Park E; Won CH · Aesthetic surgery journal · 2026
    Randomized trial100 participantsAnti-Aging forHyaluronic Acid
  18. Safety and Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Filler for Neck Wrinkles: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial.
    Jiang M; Cheng H; Li Y; Ai H; Li J; Liang Y; Xu W · Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026
    Randomized trial188 participantsAnti-Aging forHyaluronic Acid
  19. A randomized study showing improved skin quality and aesthetic appearance of dorsal hands after hyaluronic acid gel treatment in a Chinese population.
    Wu Y; Tian Y; Xu J; Zhong S; Wang R; Wu W · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2021
    Randomized trial100 participantsAnti-Aging forHyaluronic Acid
  20. Study on the Multiple Efficacies of Vitamin C Serum in Anti-Glycation, Anti-Carbonylation, Antioxidation, and Anti-Inflammation of Human Skin Based on In Vivo Tests.
    Zi Y; Liu J; Liu Q; Pan Y; Jiang X · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026
    Randomized trial66 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin C
  21. Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of a lipophilic pro-vitamin C derivative, tetra-isopalmitoyl ascorbic acid.
    Yokota M; Yahagi S · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022
    Randomized trial69 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin C
  22. The role of vitamin C in pushing back the boundaries of skin aging: an ultrasonographic approach.
    Crisan D; Roman I; Crisan M; Scharffetter-Kochanek K; Badea R · Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2015
    Clinical trial60 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin C
  23. In vivo evaluation of topical ascorbic acid application on skin aging by 50 MHz ultrasound.
    Vergilio MM; Aiello LM; Furlan AS; Caritá AC; Azevedo JR; Bolzinger MA; Chevalier Y; Leonardi GR · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022
    Randomized trial25 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin C
  24. Clinical Applications of Vitamin C in Dermatology: A Systematic Review.
    Boghosian T; Mendez H; Boghosian N; Sayegh M; Beer J; Tosti A · The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2026
    Systematic review44 studies pooledAnti-Aging forVitamin C
  25. Vitamin K status, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a participant-level meta-analysis of 3 US cohorts.
    Shea MK; Barger K; Booth SL; Matuszek G; Cushman M; Benjamin EJ; Kritchevsky SB; Weiner DE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis3,891 participants3 studies pooledAnti-Aging General Health forVitamin K
  26. Topical Menaquinone‑7 (Vitamin K2, MK-7) as a Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Activator for Skin Anti-Aging: Mechanistic Evidence in Skin Cells and a Randomized Split-Face/Neck Study.
    Huang H; Wei R; Xu C; Liu C; Zhao S; Li Y; Wang M · ACS omega · 2026
    Randomized trial30 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  27. Vitamin K status and cognitive function in healthy older adults.
    Presse N; Belleville S; Gaudreau P; Greenwood CE; Kergoat MJ; Morais JA; Payette H; Shatenstein B; Ferland G · Neurobiology of aging · 2014
    Cross-sectional study320 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  28. High dephospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein concentrations, a plasma biomarker of vitamin K, in relation to frailty: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.
    Machado-Fragua MD; Hoogendijk EO; Struijk EA; Rodriguez-Artalejo F; Lopez-Garcia E; Beulens JW; van Ballegooijen AJ · European journal of nutrition · 2021
    Cohort study644 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  29. Vitamin K Concentration and Cognitive Status in Elderly Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy: A Pilot Study.
    Alisi L; Cafolla C; Gentili A; Tartaglione S; Curini R; Cafolla A · Journal of aging research · 2022
    Cross-sectional study85 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  30. What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Manoj P; Derwin R; George S · International journal of older people nursing · 2023
    Meta-analysis12,620 participants7 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
  31. Calcium supplementation prevents seasonal bone loss and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in elderly New England women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Storm D; Eslin R; Porter ES; Musgrave K; Vereault D; Patton C; Kessenich C; Mohan S; Chen T; Holick MF; Rosen CJ · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 1998
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  32. The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women.
    Prince R; Devine A; Dick I; Criddle A; Kerr D; Kent N; Price R; Randell A · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 1995
    Randomized trial168 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  33. The efficacy of calcium supplementation alone in elderly Thai women over a 2-year period: a randomized controlled trial.
    Rajatanavin R; Chailurkit L; Saetung S; Thakkinstian A; Nimitphong H · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial404 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  34. Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bonjour JP; Carrie AL; Ferrari S; Clavien H; Slosman D; Theintz G; Rizzoli R · The Journal of clinical investigation · 1997
    Randomized trial149 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  35. Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation With and Without Collagen Peptides on Volumetric and Areal Bone Mineral Density, Bone Geometry and Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia.
    Lampropoulou-Adamidou K; Karlafti E; Argyrou C; Makris K; Trovas G; Dontas IA; Tournis S; Triantafyllopoulos IK · Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry · 2022
    Randomized trial51 participantsBone Health forCollagen
  36. Bone turnover and bone collagen maturation in osteoporosis: effects of antiresorptive therapies.
    Byrjalsen I; Leeming DJ; Qvist P; Christiansen C; Karsdal MA · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2008
    Randomized trialBone Health forCollagen
  37. A calcium-collagen chelate dietary supplement attenuates bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a randomized controlled trial.
    Elam ML; Johnson SA; Hooshmand S; Feresin RG; Payton ME; Gu J; Arjmandi BH · Journal of medicinal food · 2015
    Randomized trial39 participantsBone Health forCollagen
  38. Assessment of Osteoporosis in Lumbar Spine: In Vivo Quantitative MR Imaging of Collagen Bound Water in Trabecular Bone.
    Liu J; Liao JW; Li W; Chen XJ; Feng JX; Yao L; Huang PH; Su ZH; Lu H; Liao YT; Li SL; Ma YJ · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022
    Methods validation study189 participantsBone Health forCollagen
  39. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation with and without collagen peptides on bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
    Argyrou C; Karlafti E; Lampropoulou-Adamidou K; Tournis S; Makris K; Trovas G; Dontas I; Triantafyllopoulos IK · Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2021
    Randomized trial51 participantsBone Health forCollagen
  40. Association between Serum Magnesium and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
    Dominguez LJ; Veronese N; Ciriminna S; Pérez-Albela JL; Vásquez-López VF; Rodas-Regalado S; Di Bella G; Parisi A; Tagliaferri F; Barbagallo M · Nutrients · 2023
    Meta-analysis119,755 participants4 studies pooledBone Health forMagnesium
  41. Bioabsorbable Magnesium-Based Materials Potential and Safety in Bone Surgery: A Systematic Review.
    Hung CH; Kwok YC; Yip J; Wong HH; Leung YY · Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2025
    Systematic review386 participants8 studies pooledBone Health forMagnesium
  42. Vascularized bone grafting fixed by biodegradable magnesium screw for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
    Zhao D; Huang S; Lu F; Wang B; Yang L; Qin L; Yang K; Li Y; Li W; Wang W; Tian S; Zhang X; Gao W; Wang Z; Zhang Y; Xie X; Wang J; Li J · Biomaterials · 2016
    Randomized trial48 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  43. An update on magnesium and bone health.
    Rondanelli M; Faliva MA; Tartara A; Gasparri C; Perna S; Infantino V; Riva A; Petrangolini G; Peroni G · Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2022
    Narrative reviewBone Health forMagnesium
  44. Sex-specific differences in the association of magnesium intake with femoral neck bone mineral density among older adults.
    Wang B; Tan X; Yao X; Zhu Z · Endocrine connections · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,343 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  45. Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
    Moon RJ; D' Angelo S; Curtis EM; Ward KA; Crozier SR; Schoenmakers I; Javaid MK; Bishop NJ; Godfrey KM; Cooper C; Harvey NC; MAVIDOS Trial Group · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024
    Randomized trial454 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  46. Vitamin D analogs and bone: preclinical and clinical studies with eldecalcitol.
    Matsumoto T; Takano T; Saito H; Takahashi F · BoneKEy reports · 2014
    Narrative reviewBone Health forVitamin D
  47. Efficacy of vitamin D fortified foods on bone mineral density and serum bone biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies.
    Tangestani H; Djafarian K; Emamat H; Arabzadegan N; Shab-Bidar S · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis1,786 participants20 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin D
  48. Cholecalciferol Supplementation Attenuates Bone Loss in Incident Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prespecified Secondary Endpoint Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Tsujita M; Doi Y; Obi Y; Hamano T; Tomosugi T; Futamura K; Okada M; Hiramitsu T; Goto N; Isaka Y; Takeda A; Narumi S; Watarai Y · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2022
    Randomized trial193 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  49. Vitamin D supplementation and bone health in post-menopausal women: a 24-month randomized controlled intervention with enhanced bioavailability formulations.
    Rasool N; Munir Y · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Randomized trial612 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  50. Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Cockayne S; Adamson J; Lanham-New S; Shearer MJ; Gilbody S; Torgerson DJ · Archives of internal medicine · 2006
    Meta-analysis13 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  51. Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
    Iwamoto J; Takeda T; Ichimura S · Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association · 2001
    Randomized trial92 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  52. Efficacy and safety of vitamin K2 for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at a long-term follow-up: meta-analysis and systematic review.
    Zhou M; Han S; Zhang W; Wu D · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2022
    Meta-analysis6,853 participants9 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  53. Low-dose vitamin K2 (MK-4) supplementation for 12 months improves bone metabolism and prevents forearm bone loss in postmenopausal Japanese women.
    Koitaya N; Sekiguchi M; Tousen Y; Nishide Y; Morita A; Yamauchi J; Gando Y; Miyachi M; Aoki M; Komatsu M; Watanabe F; Morishita K; Ishimi Y · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2015
    Randomized trial48 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  54. Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
    Del Gobbo LC; Imamura F; Wu JH; de Oliveira Otto MC; Chiuve SE; Mozaffarian D · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2013
    Meta-analysis313,041 participants16 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forMagnesium
  55. Magnesium and the risk of cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
    Qu X; Jin F; Hao Y; Li H; Tang T; Wang H; Yan W; Dai K · PloS one · 2013
    Meta-analysis532,979 participants19 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forMagnesium
  56. Quantitative Association Between Serum/Dietary Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease/Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
    Zhao L; Hu M; Yang L; Xu H; Song W; Qian Y; Zhao M · Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology · 2020
    Meta-analysis544,581 participants18 studies pooledCardiovascular Support Heart Health forMagnesium
  57. Comparative Efficacy of Nutraceuticals on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
    Norouzzadeh M; Rashedi MH; Mahdavi-Mazdeh G; Kosari A; Shahinfar H · Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026
    Meta-analysisCardiovascular Support Heart Health forMagnesium Cardiovascular Support forVitamin D
  58. Serum magnesium, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Xiong J; He T; Wang M; Nie L; Zhang Y; Wang Y; Huang Y; Feng B; Zhang J; Zhao J · Journal of nephrology · 2020
    Meta-analysis200,934 participants20 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forMagnesium
  59. Vitamin C may reduce troponin and CKMB levels after PCI and CABG: a meta-analysis.
    Rozemeijer S; Hemilä H; van Baaren M; de Man AME · BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023
    Meta-analysis872 participants7 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forVitamin C
  60. Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by restoring nitric oxide activity in essential hypertension.
    Taddei S; Virdis A; Ghiadoni L; Magagna A; Salvetti A · Circulation · 1998
    Clinical trial49 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin C
  61. Vitamin C supplementation improves blood pressure and oxidative stress after acute exercise in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.
    Boonthongkaew C; Tong-Un T; Kanpetta Y; Chaungchot N; Leelayuwat C; Leelayuwat N · The Chinese journal of physiology · 2021
    Randomized trial24 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin C
  62. Vascular benefits of vitamin C supplementation against fine particulate air pollution in healthy adults: A double-blind randomised crossover trial.
    Ren J; Liang J; Wang J; Yin B; Zhang F; Li X; Zhu S; Tian H; Cui Q; Song J; Liu G; Ling W; Ma Y · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2022
    Randomized trial58 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin C
  63. Ascorbic acid reduces blood pressure and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.
    Mullan BA; Young IS; Fee H; McCance DR · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2003
    Randomized trial30 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin C
  64. A Randomized Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation on Vascular Function in CKD.
    Kumar V; Yadav AK; Lal A; Kumar V; Singhal M; Billot L; Gupta KL; Banerjee D; Jha V · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2017
    Randomized trial120 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin D
  65. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial on the contributions of vitamin D in the control of cardiovascular risk factors, depressive symptoms and suicide risk.
    Porto C; Petribu K; Barbosa N; Magalhães R; Lira C; Porto AB; Markman-Filho B; Lordsleem A; Calado E; Magalhães J; Sougey E; Silva T; Junio A; Bandeira F; Leão R · American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025
    Randomized trial224 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin D
  66. Dose responses of vitamin D3 supplementation on arterial stiffness in overweight African Americans with vitamin D deficiency: A placebo controlled randomized trial.
    Raed A; Bhagatwala J; Zhu H; Pollock NK; Parikh SJ; Huang Y; Havens R; Kotak I; Guo DH; Dong Y · PloS one · 2017
    Randomized trial70 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin D
  67. Paricalcitol and endothelial function in chronic kidney disease trial.
    Zoccali C; Curatola G; Panuccio V; Tripepi R; Pizzini P; Versace M; Bolignano D; Cutrupi S; Politi R; Tripepi G; Ghiadoni L; Thadhani R; Mallamaci F · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2015
    Randomized trial88 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin D
  68. Vitamin K Intake and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Study.
    Bellinge JW; Dalgaard F; Murray K; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Lewis JR; Sim M; Croft KD; Gislason G; Torp-Pedersen C; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Hodgson JM; Schultz C; Bondonno NP · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021
    Cohort study53,372 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  69. Effects of One-Year Menaquinone-7 Supplementation on Vascular Stiffness and Blood Pressure in Post-Menopausal Women.
    de Vries F; Bittner R; Maresz K; Machuron F; Gåserød O; Jeanne JF; Schurgers LJ · Nutrients · 2025
    Randomized trial165 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  70. Dietary Vitamin K1 Intake and Incident Aortic Valve Stenosis.
    Schultz CJ; Dalgaard F; Bellinge JW; Murray K; Sim M; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Lewis JR; Gislason GH; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Hodgson JM; Bondonno NP · Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024
    Cohort study55,545 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  71. Association between vitamin K1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort.
    Palmer CR; Bellinge JW; Dalgaard F; Sim M; Murray K; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Croft KD; Gislason G; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Schultz C; Lewis JR; Hodgson JM; Bondonno NP · European journal of epidemiology · 2021
    Cohort study56,048 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  72. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, clinical study on the effectiveness of collagen peptide on osteoarthritis.
    Kumar S; Sugihara F; Suzuki K; Inoue N; Venkateswarathirukumara S · Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2015
    Randomized trialGeneral Health forCollagen
  73. Efficacy and safety of native type II collagen in modulating knee osteoarthritis symptoms: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Luo C; Su W; Song Y; Srivastava S · Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2023
    Randomized trial101 participantsGeneral Health forCollagen
  74. Healing Process, Pain, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Venous Leg Ulcers Treated with Fish Collagen Gel: A 12-Week Randomized Single-Center Study.
    Mościcka P; Cwajda-Białasik J; Szewczyk MT; Jawień A · International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Randomized trial100 participantsGeneral Health forCollagen
  75. Efficacy and Safety of Dietary Undenatured Type II Collagen on Joint and Motor Function in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study.
    Shiojima Y; Takahashi M; Takahashi R; Maruyama K; Moriyama H; Bagchi D; Bagchi M; Akanuma M · Journal of the American Nutrition Association · 2023
    Randomized trial64 participantsGeneral Health forCollagen
  76. The use of a collagen matrix in hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers.
    Romanelli M; Mulder G; Paggi B; Macchia M; Panduri S; Dini V · Journal of wound care · 2016
    Randomized trial40 participantsGeneral Health forCollagen
  77. Perioperative systemic magnesium to minimize postoperative pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    De Oliveira GS; Castro-Alves LJ; Khan JH; McCarthy RJ · Anesthesiology · 2013
    Meta-analysis1,257 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forMagnesium
  78. Long-term outcome after intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2).
    Woods KL; Fletcher S · Lancet (London, England) · 1994
    Randomized trial2,316 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  79. Association of magnesium sulfate use with mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.
    Gu WJ; Duan XJ; Liu XZ; Cen Y; Tao LY; Lyu J; Yin HY · British journal of anaesthesia · 2023
    Cohort study10,999 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  80. Hypomagnesemia and Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients.
    Li L; Streja E; Rhee CM; Mehrotra R; Soohoo M; Brunelli SM; Kovesdy CP; Kalantar-Zadeh K · American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2016
    Cohort study9,359 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  81. The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.
    Jaripur M; Ghasemi-Tehrani H; Askari G; Gholizadeh-Moghaddam M; Clark CCT; Rouhani MH · Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022
    Randomized trial64 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  82. Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
    Aune D; Keum N; Giovannucci E; Fadnes LT; Boffetta P; Greenwood DC; Tonstad S; Vatten LJ; Riboli E; Norat T · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019
    Meta-analysis69 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin C
  83. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin C and increasing non haem iron absorption pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusGeneral Health forVitamin C
  84. Vitamin C Depletion and All-Cause Mortality in Renal Transplant Recipients.
    Sotomayor CG; Eisenga MF; Gomes Neto AW; Ozyilmaz A; Gans ROB; Jong WHA; Zelle DM; Berger SP; Gaillard CAJM; Navis GJ; Bakker SJ · Nutrients · 2018
    Cohort study598 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin C
  85. Associations of Serum Biomarkers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake With the Risk of Cause-Specific Mortality and All-Cause Mortality: A National Prospective Cohort Study.
    Pu L; Zhang R; Wang X; Zhao T; Sun H; Han L · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Cohort study12,530 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin C
  86. Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study: a prospective population study. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
    Khaw KT; Bingham S; Welch A; Luben R; Wareham N; Oakes S; Day N · Lancet (London, England) · 2001
    Cohort study19,496 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin C
  87. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.
    Bjelakovic G; Gluud LL; Nikolova D; Whitfield K; Wetterslev J; Simonetti RG; Bjelakovic M; Gluud C · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
    Meta-analysis95,286 participants159 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  88. Effect of vitamin D on gastrointestinal symptoms and health-related quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.
    Abbasnezhad A; Amani R; Hajiani E; Alavinejad P; Cheraghian B; Ghadiri A · Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2018
    Randomized trial90 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin D
  89. The impact of vitamin D administration on mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Kow CS; Ramachandram DS; Hasan SS; Wong Z; Thiruchelvam K · Inflammopharmacology · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,495 participants19 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  90. Vitamin D Status and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
    Heath AK; Kim IY; Hodge AM; English DR; Muller DC · International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Systematic review84 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  91. Meta-analysis of long-term vitamin D supplementation on overall mortality.
    Zheng Y; Zhu J; Zhou M; Cui L; Yao W; Liu Y · PloS one · 2014
    Meta-analysis42 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  92. Dietary vitamin K intake associates with reduced all-cause mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.
    Huang Y; Zhu X; Han L; Hu H · Scientific reports · 2025
    Cohort study7,857 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  93. The Effect of Topical Vitamin K1 on the Treatment of Cetuximab-Induced Skin Rashes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients.
    Roayaei M; Rezaei M; Najafizade N · Advanced biomedical research · 2024
    Randomized trial49 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  94. Effect of vitamin K on improving post‑kidney transplant outcomes: a meta‑analysis.
    Sun Z; Zhu K; Liang G; Yan F; Chao S; Jia L; Niu Y · Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023
    Meta-analysis7 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin K
  95. Vitamin K1 intake is associated with lower risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in community-dwelling older Australian women.
    Dupuy M; Radavelli-Bagatini S; Zhong L; Dalla Via J; Zhu K; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno NP; Linneberg A; Bellinge JW; Schultz C; Courtney W; Prince RL; Hodgson JM; Lewis JR; Sim M · Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2024
    Cohort study1,436 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  96. Effects of magnesium supplementation on improving hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension in type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 24 randomized controlled trials.
    Xu L; Li X; Wang X; Xu M · Frontiers in nutrition · 2023
    Meta-analysis1,325 participants24 studies pooledHeart Health forMagnesium
  97. The effect of lowering blood pressure by magnesium supplementation in diabetic hypertensive adults with low serum magnesium levels: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
    Guerrero-Romero F; Rodríguez-Morán M · Journal of human hypertension · 2009
    Randomized trial82 participantsHeart Health forMagnesium
  98. Positive effects of magnesium supplementation in metabolic syndrome.
    Kisters S; Kisters K; Werner T; Vormann J; Tokmak F; Westhoff T; Gröber U; Predel HG; Reuter H · International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024
    Randomized trial54 participantsHeart Health forMagnesium
  99. The effect of vitamin K1 on arterial calcification activity in subjects with diabetes mellitus: a post hoc analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bellinge JW; Francis RJ; Lee SC; Bondonno NP; Sim M; Lewis JR; Watts GF; Schultz CJ · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial149 participantsHeart Health forVitamin K