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Mitochondrial Energy Optimizer with PQQ

Life Extension
4.5
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(2328 ratings)
Carnosine 1000 mg
Thiamin 150 mg
Vitamin B6 100 mg
Taurine 800 mg
Product Image
Score76
A thoughtfully assembled mitochondrial formula uses strong ingredient forms and meaningful carnosine and taurine amounts. Its 100 mg B6 dose is the decisive safety trade-off.
How scoring works
Quantity:120 Capsule(s) • (30 servings)
Goals:
Anti-Aging
Cardiovascular Support
Anti-Inflammatory Support
Detoxification

Score 76

A thoughtfully assembled mitochondrial formula uses strong ingredient forms and meaningful carnosine and taurine amounts. Its 100 mg B6 dose is the decisive safety trade-off.
How scoring works
$48.75($1.62 per serving)
iHerb
$ 51.00
Pure Formulas
$ 48.75
Vitacost
$ 50.49
Amazon
$ 82.06
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Analysis

Carnosine at 1,000 mg and taurine at 800 mg give the blend a substantial amino-acid base. Benfotiamine, sodium R-lipoate, and PQQ add complementary support for cellular energy pathways.

Ingredient forms are a clear strength, particularly fat-soluble benfotiamine and stabilized R-lipoic acid. Every active amount is stated, so the formula is easy to evaluate without guessing about a blend.

The major limitation is 100 mg of pyridoxal 5-phosphate, which is far more B6 than most people need for daily maintenance. A four-capsule serving and premium positioning also make it better suited to deliberate, supervised use than casual wellness supplementation.

Who is it for
  • Adults seeking targeted mitochondrial support
  • Users who value active nutrient forms
  • People comfortable with a multi-capsule serving
Best for
  • Cellular energy support
  • Taurine and carnosine coverage
  • Advanced nutrient forms

Pros

  • Substantial carnosine amount
  • Uses benfotiamine and stabilized R-lipoic acid
  • Fully disclosed active quantities
  • Combines several complementary pathways

Cons

  • Very high vitamin B6 dose
  • Requires four capsules per serving
  • PQQ amount is modest
  • Less economical than simpler formulas

Warnings

  • The 100 mg vitamin B6 amount may cause tingling, numbness, or nerve injury with repeated use.
  • R-lipoic acid may lower blood glucose, which matters for users taking insulin or other glucose-lowering medicine.
  • R-lipoic acid can cause nausea or stomach upset, especially when first introduced.

Nutrient quality

75 High impact

Well-chosen forms and substantial core doses create a purposeful mitochondrial support blend. The very high vitamin B6 amount is an important safety and balance concern.

Ingredient transparency

81 Highest impact

Specific amounts and forms are disclosed for every listed active without a hidden blend. Intake directions and inactive ingredients remain unavailable.

Customer satisfaction

70 High impact

A favorable rating across a very large review base offers dependable broad satisfaction evidence. No review text is supplied to assess repeated problems or firsthand effects.

Value for money

75 High impact

Premium forms and meaningful doses support the product value. The higher serving cost and excessive vitamin B6 reduce its efficiency.

Report analysis

Goals

Anti-Aging
Anti-Aging
Impact
Highest effect
B+ Goal FitA Strength of SupportA- CoverageA Formula Quality
Taurine · 800 mgCarnosine · 1000 mg

Carnosine, taurine, R-lipoic acid, benfotiamine, and PQQ address glycation, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and cellular resilience. The breadth is unusually relevant to biological aging, although direct human healthspan evidence for PQQ remains limited.

Carnosine and taurine are substantially dosed, while R-lipoic acid and benfotiamine add meaningful metabolic support. The 100 mg vitamin B6 amount is very high for long-term daily use and may cause nerve damage, weakening an otherwise coherent formula.

Study evidence
Carnosine Supportive 6 studies
Taurine Supportive 3 studies
Cardiovascular Support
Cardiovascular Support
Impact
Highest effect
B Goal FitA- Strength of SupportB+ CoverageA- Formula Quality
Vitamin B6 · 100 mgTaurine · 800 mg

Taurine supports calcium signaling and normal rhythm, while carnosine, R-lipoic acid, and PQQ add antioxidant and mitochondrial support. The disclosed amounts are substantial enough to make the combination more than a token blend.

The formula does not directly target lipids or nitric oxide, and several actives have less cardiovascular evidence than fish oil or magnesium. The 100 mg vitamin B6 amount raises a long-term peripheral neuropathy concern with repeated daily use.

Study evidence
Carnosine Supportive 6 studies
Taurine Supportive 24 studies
Vitamin B6 Supportive 35 studies
Anti-Inflammatory Support
Anti-Inflammatory Support
Impact
Highest effect
C+ Goal FitA- Strength of SupportB+ CoverageA- Formula Quality
Taurine · 800 mg

R-lipoic acid, carnosine, taurine, and PQQ create broad antioxidant and mitochondrial support that may dampen inflammation-related oxidative signaling. The formula is more focused on cellular energy than on direct COX, 5-LOX, or omega-3 inflammatory pathways.

Most ingredients reach meaningful amounts and use clearly identified forms. The 100 mg vitamin B6 amount is high for routine long-term use and prolonged intake can cause sensory nerve damage.

Study evidence
Carnosine Supportive 7 studies
Taurine Supportive 12 studies
Detoxification
Detoxification
Impact
High effect
C+ Goal FitB Strength of SupportB- CoverageB Formula Quality
Vitamin B6 · 100 mgTaurine · 800 mg

Taurine, active vitamin B6, and R-lipoic acid support bile, transsulfuration, and antioxidant pathways. The combination covers several relevant mechanisms, although it was designed mainly for mitochondrial support.

The active forms and amounts are clearly listed, with taurine near a full-strength serving. The vitamin B6 amount reaches a chronic-use ceiling and repeated use may raise the risk of peripheral neuropathy.

Study evidence
Taurine Supportive 2 studies
Fitness
Fitness
Impact
Moderate effect
C- Goal FitC+ Strength of SupportC CoverageB- Formula Quality

Taurine and carnosine provide plausible support for muscle function, buffering, and exercise-related stress. The wider mitochondrial theme is interesting, but several ingredients have limited direct evidence for improving athletic performance.

Exact amounts and researched nutrient forms make the formula easy to assess. The high vitamin B6 amount creates a practical concern because repeated long-term use can raise the risk of nerve symptoms.

Study evidence
Sodium Supportive 96 studies
Taurine Supportive 21 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate)
 100 mg
Sodium
18 mg
Carnosine
1000 mg
L-Taurine
800 mg
Benfotiamine
150 mg
R-Lipoic Acid (Na-RALA Sodium R-Lipoate)
 150 mg
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) Disodium Salt
10 mg
Gluten Free Adults 18–50
Report overview
Thiamin · 150 mg OverallScore84
A Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD- Value

Benfotiamine provides a high-quality 150 mg thiamine dose with clear labeling and strong goal relevance. The broader combination makes the thiamine comparatively costly, so it is less efficient for someone seeking vitamin B1 alone. The included 100 mg vitamin B6 is a meaningful long-term-use concern because sustained high supplemental B6 can cause peripheral nerve symptoms.

View ingredientView products
Carnosine · 1000 mg OverallScore84
B Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyB- Value

The formula provides a high carnosine amount alongside well-dosed benfotiamine, R-lipoic acid, and PQQ. Generic carnosine labeling is less precise than explicit L-carnosine, and two capsules are required per serving. The synergists partly justify the premium cost, but the high vitamin B6 amount may raise neuropathy risk with long-term daily use.

View ingredientView products
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate) · 100 mg OverallScore67
A+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityC- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

P-5-P supplies B6 directly in its active form within a broader mitochondrial-support formula. The 100 mg dose reaches the stated chronic-use ceiling, so repeated use raises a product-specific peripheral neuropathy concern even with a practical two-capsule serving. Value is weak for B6-focused use because the cost per serving is high.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
71 Performance

Neurobion USA High Potency Formula

OTC Pharmaceutical Products
<p>Its label clearly provides 100 mg of Vitamin B1 as Thiamine Hydrochloride, making it a more clearly defined thiamin and vitamin b6 option. Compared with the original, its ingredient and goal alignment is stronger, although it does not retain the original product’s carnosine and taurine coverage.</p>
82 Performance

Vision Optimizer

Jarrow Formulas
<p>Its label clearly provides 10 mg of Lutein as Marigold petal extract, making it a more clearly defined thiamin and taurine option. Compared with the original, its ingredient and goal alignment is stronger, although it does not retain the original product’s vitamin b6 and carnosine coverage.</p>
67 Performance

Relieve-R

LifeSeasons
<p>Its label clearly provides 100 mg of Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCl, making it a more clearly defined thiamin and vitamin b6 option. Compared with the original, its ingredient and goal alignment is stronger, although it does not retain the original product’s carnosine and taurine coverage.</p>
73 Budget

B-50 Gels

Carlson
<p>Its label clearly provides 1 g of Total Fat, preserving relevant thiamin and vitamin b6 coverage. Compared with the original, it lowers the serving cost, although it does not retain the original product’s carnosine and taurine coverage.</p>
78 Budget

Vitamins Only

Solgar
<p>Its label clearly provides 1531 mcg of Vitamin A as Beta-Carotene, preserving relevant thiamin and vitamin b6 coverage. Compared with the original, it lowers the serving cost, although it does not retain the original product’s carnosine and taurine coverage.</p>
63 Budget

Ultra B-100 Complex

Mason Natural
<p>Its label clearly provides 100 mg of Vitamin B1 as Thiamine Hydrochloride, preserving relevant thiamin and vitamin b6 coverage. Compared with the original, it lowers the serving cost, although it does not retain the original product’s carnosine and taurine coverage.</p>
80 Value

Super Carnosine 500 mg

Life Extension
<p>Its label clearly provides 50 mg of Thiamine as Thiamine Hydrochloride, keeping the formula relevant to thiamin and carnosine. Compared with the original, the lower serving cost and ingredient detail create a useful quality-to-cost balance, although it does not retain the original product’s vitamin b6 and taurine coverage.</p>
78 Value

B-50 Complex

21st Century
<p>Its label clearly provides 50 mg of Thiamine as Vitamin B1, keeping the formula relevant to thiamin and vitamin b6. Compared with the original, the lower serving cost and ingredient detail create a useful quality-to-cost balance, although it does not retain the original product’s carnosine and taurine coverage.</p>
73 Value

B-50 Gels

Carlson
<p>Its label clearly provides 1 g of Total Fat, keeping the formula relevant to thiamin and vitamin b6. Compared with the original, the lower serving cost and ingredient detail create a useful quality-to-cost balance, although it does not retain the original product’s carnosine and taurine coverage.</p>
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Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Acute Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Maximal Fat Oxidation and FATmax in Recreational Endurance Runners: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, and Triple-Blinded Study.
    Ghazzagh A; Naderi A; Agha-Alinejad H; Livani A; Sarlak M; Aghamohammadi S; Saunders B · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2024
    Randomized trial11 participantsFitness forTaurine
  2. Combined but Not Isolated Ingestion of Caffeine and Taurine Improves Wingate Sprint Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes Habituated to Caffeine.
    Karayigit R; Naderi A; Saunders B; Forbes SC; Coso JD; Berjisian E; Yildirim UC; Suzuki K · Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Randomized trial17 participantsFitness forTaurine
  3. The effect of acute taurine ingestion on 3-km running performance in trained middle-distance runners.
    Balshaw TG; Bampouras TM; Barry TJ; Sparks SA · Amino acids · 2013
    Randomized trial8 participantsFitness forTaurine
  4. Effects of different doses of taurine supplementation on repeated-sprint performance after exhaustive exercise in a high temperature and humidity environment.
    Cheng X; Lin Y; Li Z · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Randomized trial16 participantsFitness forTaurine
  5. Oral taurine improves critical power and severe-intensity exercise tolerance.
    Waldron M; Patterson SD; Jeffries O · Amino acids · 2020
    Randomized trial12 participantsFitness forTaurine
  6. Taurine supplementation enhances anaerobic power in elite speed skaters: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
    Buzdağlı Y; Eyipınar CD; Öget F; Şıktar E; Forbes SC; Tekin A · Biology of sport · 2023
    Randomized trial30 participantsFitness forTaurine
  7. Acute taurine supplementation enhances thermoregulation and endurance cycling performance in the heat.
    Page LK; Jeffries O; Waldron M · European journal of sport science · 2019
    Randomized trial11 participantsFitness forTaurine
  8. Does One Shot Work? The Acute Impact of a Single Taurine Dose on Exercise Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review.
    Deng H; Song T; Yin M; Xu K; Zhong Y; Liu P; Sun S; Bin Naharudin MN; Yusof A; Fan X · Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025
    Meta-analysis308 participants23 studies pooledFitness forTaurine
  9. The effect of acute taurine ingestion on endurance performance and metabolism in well-trained cyclists.
    Rutherford JA; Spriet LL; Stellingwerff T · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2010
    Randomized trial11 participantsFitness forTaurine
  10. Effects of Caffeine-Taurine Co-Ingestion on Endurance Cycling Performance in High Temperature and Humidity Environments.
    Yu P; Fan Y; Wu H · Sports health · 2024
    Randomized trial12 participantsFitness forTaurine
  11. Anserine/Carnosine Supplementation Preserves Blood Flow in the Prefrontal Brain of Elderly People Carrying APOE e4.
    Ding Q; Tanigawa K; Kaneko J; Totsuka M; Katakura Y; Imabayashi E; Matsuda H; Hisatsune T · Aging and disease · 2020
    Randomized trial68 participantsAnti-Aging forCarnosine
  12. Skin beautification with oral non-hydrolized versions of carnosine and carcinine: Effective therapeutic management and cosmetic skincare solutions against oxidative glycation and free-radical production as a causal mechanism of diabetic complications and skin aging.
    Babizhayev MA; Deyev AI; Savel'yeva EL; Lankin VZ; Yegorov YE · The Journal of dermatological treatment · 2013
    Randomized trial42 participantsAnti-Aging forCarnosine
  13. Telomere Attrition in Human Lens Epithelial Cells Associated with Oxidative Stress Provide a New Therapeutic Target for the Treatment, Dissolving and Prevention of Cataract with N-Acetylcarnosine Lubricant Eye Drops. Kinetic, Pharmacological and Activity-Dependent Separation of Therapeutic Targeting: Transcorneal Penetration and Delivery of L-Carnosine in the Aqueous Humor and Hormone-Like Hypothalamic Antiaging Effects of the Instilled Ophthalmic Drug Through a Safe Eye Medication Technique.
    Babizhayev MA; Yegorov YE · Recent patents on drug delivery & formulation · 2017
    Narrative reviewAnti-Aging forCarnosine
  14. Nutritional Strategies Targeting Glucose Metabolism to Slow Cognitive Aging: A Scoping Review of Human Trials.
    Fernando MG; Sullivan K; Simons M; Squillace A; Kiat H; Martins RN · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Scoping review32 studies pooledAnti-Aging forCarnosine
  15. Multinuclear MRS at 7T Uncovers Exercise Driven Differences in Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism Between Young and Seniors.
    Krumpolec P; Klepochová R; Just I; Tušek Jelenc M; Frollo I; Ukropec J; Ukropcová B; Trattnig S; Krššák M; Valkovič L · Frontiers in physiology · 2021
    Cross-sectional studyAnti-Aging forCarnosine
  16. Taurine supplementation reduces myeloperoxidase and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 levels and improves the effects of exercise in cognition and physical fitness in older women.
    Chupel MU; Minuzzi LG; Furtado GE; Santos ML; Ferreira JP; Filaire E; Teixeira AM · Amino acids · 2021
    Randomized trial48 participantsAnti-Aging forTaurine
  17. Taurine as a possible antiaging therapy: A controlled clinical trial on taurine antioxidant activity in women ages 55 to 70.
    Abud GF; De Carvalho FG; Batitucci G; Travieso SG; Bueno Junior CR; Barbosa Junior F; Marchini JS; de Freitas EC · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2022
    Randomized trial24 participantsAnti-Aging forTaurine
  18. Association of taurine intake with changes in physical fitness among community-dwelling middle-aged and older Japanese adults: an 8-year longitudinal study.
    Domoto T; Kise K; Oyama Y; Furuya K; Kato Y; Nishita Y; Kozakai R; Otsuka R · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Cohort studyAnti-Aging forTaurine
  19. Carnosine-Enriched Chicken Meat Improves Microvascular Function and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome.
    Uršić D; Kolobarić N; Drenjančević I; Mihaljević Z; Šušnjara P; Stupin A; Jukić I; Kibel A · Nutrients · 2026
    Randomized trial38 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support Cardiovascular Support forCarnosine
  20. L-Carnosine protects against Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in colorectal cancer patients: A perspective on targeting Nrf-2 and NF-κB pathways.
    Yehia R; Saleh S; El Abhar H; Saad AS; Schaalan M · Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2019
    Randomized trial65 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forCarnosine
  21. l-Carnosine supplementation attenuated fasting glucose, triglycerides, advanced glycation end products, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.
    Houjeghani S; Kheirouri S; Faraji E; Jafarabadi MA · Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2019
    Randomized trial54 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support Cardiovascular Support forCarnosine
  22. The role of Zinc L-Carnosine in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal mucosal disease in humans: a review.
    Efthymakis K; Neri M · Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology · 2022
    Narrative reviewAnti-Inflammatory Support forCarnosine
  23. The Effect of a Zinc-L-Carnosine Mouthwash in the Management of Oral Surgical Wounds: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Cohort Study.
    Dell'Olio F; Siciliani RA; Novielli G; Tempesta A; Favia G; Limongelli L · Dentistry journal · 2023
    Cohort studyAnti-Inflammatory Support forCarnosine
  24. Oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity after taurine supplementation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
    Rosa FT; Freitas EC; Deminice R; Jordão AA; Marchini JS · European journal of nutrition · 2015
    Randomized trial24 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forTaurine
  25. Effect of taurine supplementation on preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatrics under mechanical ventilation, a randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial.
    Shirzad-Yazdi N; Shorafa E; Abootalebi SN; Heidari R; Hojabri K; Doostfatemeh M; Masjedi F; Vazin A; Shafiekhani M · Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025
    Randomized trial77 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forTaurine
  26. Effect of taurine in muscle damage markers and inflammatory cytokines in running exercise.
    Wang Y; Xu T; Zhao H; Gu C; Li Z · Frontiers in physiology · 2022
    Non-randomized trial10 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forTaurine
  27. Exercise and taurine in inflammation, cognition, and peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier integrity in older women.
    Chupel MU; Minuzzi LG; Furtado G; Santos ML; Hogervorst E; Filaire E; Teixeira AM · Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme · 2018
    Randomized trial48 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support forTaurine
  28. Taurine supplementation has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects before and after incremental exercise in heart failure.
    Ahmadian M; Roshan VD; Aslani E; Stannard SR · Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease · 2017
    Randomized trialAnti-Inflammatory Support forTaurine
  29. Carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides improve dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Menon K; Marquina C; Hoj P; Liew D; Mousa A; de Courten B · Nutrition reviews · 2021
    Meta-analysis913 participants21 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forCarnosine
  30. Effect of carnosine supplementation on lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and insulin resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term randomized controlled trials.
    Peng W; Mao P; Liu L; Chen K; Zhong Y; Xia W; Guo Q; Tan SC; Rahmani J; Kord Varkaneh H; He P · Complementary therapies in medicine · 2020
    Meta-analysis184 participants4 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forCarnosine
  31. Effect of L-Carnosine in Patients with Age-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Sureshkumar K; Durairaj M; Srinivasan K; Goh KW; Undela K; Mahalingam VT; Ardianto C; Ming LC; Ganesan RM · Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 2023
    Meta-analysis14 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forCarnosine
  32. Taurine Supplementation Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Vascular Function in Prehypertension: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
    Sun Q; Wang B; Li Y; Sun F; Li P; Xia W; Zhou X; Li Q; Wang X; Chen J; Zeng X; Zhao Z; He H; Liu D; Zhu Z · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2016
    Randomized trial120 participantsCardiovascular Support forTaurine
  33. Taurine ameliorates blood pressure and vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Li Y; Wang Q; Liu Y; Li Q; Xia W; Lin S; Yang Q; Scholze A; Zhao Z; He H; Zhang H; Yan Z; Tepel M; Mu H; Zhu Z; Liu D · iScience · 2025
    Randomized trial165 participantsCardiovascular Support forTaurine
  34. Taurine reduces the risk for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Tzang CC; Chi LY; Lin LH; Lin TY; Chang KV; Wu WT; Özçakar L · Nutrition & diabetes · 2024
    Meta-analysis1,024 participants25 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forTaurine
  35. Effects of Oral Taurine Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
    Nie Z; Liu Y; Zhang M; Wu C; Cao Q; Xu J; Zheng Y; Min Z; Zhang W; Han S · Nutrition reviews · 2025
    Meta-analysis34 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forTaurine
  36. The effects of taurine supplementation on glycemic control and serum lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Maleki V; Alizadeh M; Esmaeili F; Mahdavi R · Amino acids · 2021
    Randomized trial45 participantsCardiovascular Support forTaurine
  37. Association between serum pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels and all-cause, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular disease in adults: a population-based cohort study.
    Xuan C; Liu RH; Zhao C; Li J; Zhou TT; Tian QW; He GW · Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2024
    Cohort studyCardiovascular Support forVitamin B6
  38. Folate and vitamin B6 rapidly normalize endothelial dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
    MacKenzie KE; Wiltshire EJ; Gent R; Hirte C; Piotto L; Couper JJ · Pediatrics · 2006
    Randomized trial124 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin B6
  39. Pyridoxine improves endothelial function in cardiac transplant recipients.
    Miner SE; Cole DE; Evrovski J; Forrest Q; Hutchison S; Holmes K; Ross HJ · The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2001
    Randomized trial31 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin B6
  40. Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women.
    Rimm EB; Willett WC; Hu FB; Sampson L; Colditz GA; Manson JE; Hennekens C; Stampfer MJ · JAMA · 1998
    Cohort study80,082 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin B6
  41. Efficacy and safety of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (MC-1) in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the MEND-CABG II randomized clinical trial.
    MEND-CABG II Investigators; Alexander JH; Emery RW; Carrier M; Ellis SJ; Mehta RH; Hasselblad V; Menasche P; Khalil A; Cote R; Bennett-Guerrero E; Mack MJ; Schuler G; Harrington RA; Tardif JC · JAMA · 2008
    Randomized trial3,023 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin B6
  42. Dietary amino acid taurine ameliorates liver injury in chronic hepatitis patients.
    Hu YH; Lin CL; Huang YW; Liu PE; Hwang DF · Amino acids · 2008
    Non-randomized trial24 participantsDetoxification forTaurine
  43. Taurine status and response to intravenous taurine supplementation in adults with short-bowel syndrome undergoing long-term parenteral nutrition: a pilot study.
    Schneider SM; Joly F; Gehrardt MF; Badran AM; Myara A; Thuillier F; Coudray-Lucas C; Cynober L; Trivin F; Messing B · The British journal of nutrition · 2006
    Single-arm trial32 participantsDetoxification forTaurine
  44. Additive effects of beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate on upper-body intermittent performance.
    Tobias G; Benatti FB; de Salles Painelli V; Roschel H; Gualano B; Sale C; Harris RC; Lancha AH; Artioli GG · Amino acids · 2013
    Randomized trial37 participantsFitness forSodium
  45. Sodium Hyperhydration Improves Performance With No Change in Thermal and Cardiovascular Strain in Female Cyclists Exercising in the Heat Across the Menstrual Cycle.
    Convit L; Orellana L; Périard JD; Carr AJ; Warmington S; Beaugeois M; Abraham A; Snipe RMJ · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2025
    Randomized trial12 participantsFitness forSodium
  46. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation improves severe-intensity intermittent exercise under moderate acute hypoxic conditions.
    Deb SK; Gough LA; Sparks SA; McNaughton LR · European journal of applied physiology · 2018
    Randomized trial11 participantsFitness forSodium
  47. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance.
    Grgic J; Pedisic Z; Saunders B; Artioli GG; Schoenfeld BJ; McKenna MJ; Bishop DJ; Kreider RB; Stout JR; Kalman DS; Arent SM; VanDusseldorp TA; Lopez HL; Ziegenfuss TN; Burke LM; Antonio J; Campbell BI · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021
    Guideline / consensusFitness forSodium
  48. The effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on swimming interval performance in trained competitive swimmers.
    Gough LA; Newbury JW; Price M · European journal of applied physiology · 2023
    Randomized trial14 participantsFitness forSodium