Vitamin C

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Vitamin C is a water-soluble nutrient that humans must obtain through diet. It functions as an antioxidant to help protect cells from free radicals and supports overall cellular health by managing oxidative stress. This vitamin is also necessary for the production of collagen, a structural protein found in the skin, bones, blood vessels, and connective tissues. Because of its role in collagen synthesis, it supports wound healing, skin integrity, and joint health. It further contributes to protein metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the absorption of iron from plant-based foods. Adequate intake is important for the immune system, where it supports the activity of various immune cells and the production of antibodies. Low levels can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, gum inflammation, and slow wound healing, which characterizes the condition known as scurvy.

Natural sources
Citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruits, lemons)Berries (strawberries, blueberries, raspberries)KiwiBell peppers (especially red and yellow)BroccoliKaleSpinachTomatoesAcerola cherries

Ingredient forms

No public comparison lists found.

Timing & Intake
AnytimeWith foodTake with Iron (to enhance absorption), Bioflavonoids
You can take this with or without food, though taking it with a meal may help reduce potential stomach upset. Because it is water-soluble, dividing the total amount into smaller doses throughout the day may help support better absorption.
Daily Intake
RDA (Men)90 mg
RDA (Women)75 mg
RDI90 mg
Optimal Dosage
Minimum250 mg
Maximum1000 mg
Safety & Toxicity
Upper Limit (UL)2000 mg
Toxicity Threshold3000 mg
Toxicity Effectdiarrhea, kidney stones
4 safety notes
  • Individuals with kidney disease or a history of kidney stones should consult a healthcare professional before taking high doses of Vitamin C.
  • High doses can interfere with certain medical tests, such as stool blood tests.
  • People with hemochromatosis (iron overload disorder) should use Vitamin C supplements cautiously as it enhances iron absorption.
  • Pregnant or nursing women, or individuals with existing medical conditions, should consult a doctor before use.
Goals
Immunity
Immunity
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:500–2000 mg

Vitamin C contributes to immune defense by supporting epithelial barrier function against pathogens and enhancing the activity of immune cells like phagocytes and T-cells. Its antioxidant properties also protect these cells from damage during the high oxidative stress of an infection.

Focuses on
Illness durationCellular defenseAntioxidant protectionBarrier functionNutrient replenishment
Most relevant for
Individuals seeking to modestly reduce the duration of respiratory symptoms or those under significant physical stress.

Potential benefits

  • Shorter Respiratory Illness.Regular supplementation is consistently associated with a modest reduction in the duration of common cold symptoms and respiratory tract infections.
  • Immune Cell Support.Helps maintain the activity of neutrophils and T-cells, which are essential for identifying and eliminating pathogens.
  • Barrier Function Maintenance.Contributes to the integrity of epithelial barriers, the body's first line of defense against environmental stressors and pathogens.

Limitations

  • Inconsistent Prevention.Regular use does not reliably prevent the onset of infections in the general, well-nourished population.
  • Limited Impact on Severity.Evidence does not support a significant reduction in mortality or recovery speed for severe infections like pneumonia or COVID-19.
  • Post-Symptom Starting.Clinical evidence for effectiveness is weaker when supplementation is only started after symptoms have already appeared.
Things to consider

High doses may cause digestive discomfort; buffered forms such as calcium ascorbate may be better tolerated by those with sensitive stomachs.

Study evidence

53 studies

Vitamin C is important for normal immune function, and regular supplementation can modestly shorten respiratory illnesses. It does not consistently prevent infections, and correcting inadequate intake is different from gaining extra immune protection when Vitamin C status is already sufficient.

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Skin Health
Skin Health
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:250–1000 mg

The body cannot produce collagen without adequate Vitamin C, making it foundational for skin strength and repair. As a potent antioxidant, it neutralizes free radicals generated by sun exposure and pollution, working synergistically with Vitamin E to protect skin integrity.

Focuses on
Collagen productionWound healingUV-related agingSkin textureFine lines
Most relevant for
Individuals looking to support natural skin repair or address appearance changes like fine wrinkles and roughness caused by sun exposure.

Potential benefits

  • Tissue Repair Support.Maintains scar strength and supports soft tissue healing following dental procedures or in chronic wound environments, particularly when intake is optimized above basic dietary requirements.
  • Reduced Appearance of Photoaging.Targeted topical application has been shown to significantly decrease skin roughness and the depth of fine wrinkles caused by long-term sun damage.
  • Skin Tone Management.Topical formulations may help improve the appearance of pigmentation and melasma, especially when used in conjunction with skin-penetrating techniques like microneedling.

Limitations

  • Route of Administration.Visible cosmetic improvements such as wrinkle reduction are well-documented for specific topical treatments but are less established for oral supplements.
  • Dependence on Baseline Status.The most significant wound-healing benefits from oral supplementation are observed in individuals with existing vitamin C deficiencies or complex recovery needs.
  • Preparation Specificity.Success in clinical studies often involves specialized delivery systems like microneedle patches or laser assistance, which may not translate to standard cosmetic creams.
Things to consider

Daily intakes near 10mg are insufficient for optimal scar strength; research suggests a range of 75mg to 110mg is needed to support normal collagen-related tissue repair.

Study evidence

53 studies

Vitamin C supports collagen-related tissue repair, and some topical formulations improve signs of sun-damaged skin. Oral supplementation has shown possible wound-healing benefits in selected clinical settings, but this does not establish better skin appearance from extra vitamin C when intake is already adequate.

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Vision Support
Vision Support
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:250–1000 mg

The eye's lens and aqueous humor have very high concentrations of Vitamin C to combat oxidative stress from UV light. Studies, including the AREDS trials, show that Vitamin C, as part of an antioxidant cocktail, can slow the progression of AMD and may reduce the risk of cataract formation.

Focuses on
AMD progression supportCataract risk reductionPost-surgical recoveryAntioxidant protectionLens health
Most relevant for
Most relevant for aging adults and individuals post-cataract surgery seeking to maintain eye health through antioxidant support.

Potential benefits

  • Post-Surgical Recovery Support.Daily oral supplementation may help reduce postoperative astigmatism and improve patient comfort following cataract surgery.
  • Support for AMD Progression.Unconfirmed. High dietary intake of Vitamin C is associated with a decreased risk of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progressing to late-stage disease.
  • Cataract Risk Reduction.Unconfirmed. Long-term intake or high serum levels of Vitamin C are associated with a lower likelihood of developing age-related cataracts in some populations.

Limitations

  • No Prevention of AMD.High-certainty evidence indicates that Vitamin C supplementation does not prevent the initial development of age-related macular degeneration in healthy individuals.
  • Mixed Cataract Findings.Clinical results are inconsistent, with some large-scale studies showing no significant benefit for preventing cataracts or reducing the need for extraction.
  • Dependency on Other Nutrients.Evidence for slowing eye disease often involves Vitamin C as part of a multi-nutrient antioxidant formula, making its independent effect difficult to isolate.
Things to consider

While generally regarded as safe, clear evidence of benefit for preventing the onset of eye disease is lacking, and some multivitamin trials have reported minor side effects like skin rashes.

Study evidence

24 studies

Higher vitamin C intake or levels are associated with better eye-health outcomes in some studies, but results are inconsistent. Controlled evidence does not show that vitamin C supplements prevent age-related macular degeneration, and broader claims about preserving vision or preventing cataracts remain unproven.

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Anti-Inflammatory Support
Anti-Inflammatory Support
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:500–2000 mg

Vitamin C is essential for mitigating oxidative stress caused by the inflammatory process itself. It directly neutralizes damaging free radicals and is required to regenerate other critical antioxidants like Vitamin E, providing broad-spectrum support against the drivers of chronic inflammation.

Focuses on
CRP levelsIL-6 responseOxidative damageSurgical recoveryCellular protection
Most relevant for
Individuals seeking to manage temporary inflammatory biomarker responses following intense physical exertion or surgical procedures.

Potential benefits

  • Modulation of C-Reactive Protein.Pooled analyses suggest Vitamin C may help lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, particularly at daily doses under 500mg in healthy populations.
  • Post-exercise oxidative support.May attenuate certain inflammatory signals like IL-6 and reduce markers of lipid peroxidation immediately following single bouts of intense exercise.
  • Temporary perioperative support.Short-term use during surgical recovery has been associated with a transient reduction in inflammatory markers and lower opioid requirements in some orthopedic trials.

Limitations

  • Limited symptom relief.Biochemical changes in markers do not consistently translate into practical benefits such as reduced muscle soreness or improved strength after exercise.
  • Insignificant for chronic metabolic issues.Multiple trials found no significant reduction in systemic inflammation for individuals with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or those receiving dialysis.
  • Short duration of effect.Observed reductions in inflammatory markers following surgery often dissipate within 24 to 48 hours, indicating a lack of sustained impact.
Things to consider

High-dose intravenous vitamin C used in hospital settings for sepsis has shown potential harm in some trials and is not interchangeable with standard oral supplementation.

Study evidence

50 studies

Vitamin C may reduce some inflammatory markers, but effects vary across people, conditions and formulations. The available evidence does not show consistent relief of inflammation-related symptoms, and results from intravenous hospital treatment cannot be applied directly to ordinary oral supplements.

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Bone Health
Bone Health
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:250–1000 mg

Vitamin C's role in collagen synthesis is fundamental, not situational. It is required for enzymes that stabilize the collagen structure, directly impacting the tensile strength and integrity of the bone matrix. Without adequate Vitamin C, the collagen foundation of bone is compromised, making it more brittle.

Focuses on
Collagen synthesisBone matrix integritySkeletal structureFracture risk reductionBone mineral density
Most relevant for
Individuals with low dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, particularly those at higher risk for bone loss such as smokers or postmenopausal women.

Potential benefits

  • Collagen Synthesis Support.Vitamin C is a required cofactor for enzymes that stabilize collagen, the primary structural protein that provides tensile strength and integrity to the bone matrix.
  • Prevention of Bone Damage.Maintaining adequate levels prevents scurvy-related musculoskeletal symptoms, including subperiosteal hemorrhage, bone pain, and brittle bones prone to fracture.
  • Bone Density Maintenance.Unconfirmed. Higher intake is associated with better bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and older men in observational studies, though a direct causal effect from supplements is not yet proven.

Limitations

  • Limited Fracture Healing Benefit.Clinical trials indicate that supplemental vitamin C does not appear to accelerate bone healing or improve functional outcomes following acute fractures in humans.
  • Confounding Dietary Factors.Benefits seen in dietary studies may be due to other protective nutrients found in fruits and vegetables rather than vitamin C supplementation alone.
  • Inconsistent Causal Evidence.Large-scale analyses, including Mendelian randomization, have failed to confirm a clear genetic or causal link between vitamin C levels and the risk of osteoporosis.
Things to consider

Excessive intake may lead to oxalate accumulation in specific populations, such as children undergoing dialysis.

Study evidence

46 studies

Vitamin C is essential for bone collagen, and severe deficiency can damage bones. Higher intake or blood levels are sometimes associated with better bone health, but these findings are inconsistent and do not establish that extra vitamin C prevents fractures or improves bone healing.

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Cardiovascular Support
Cardiovascular Support
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:250–1000 mg

Vitamin C's functions in collagen synthesis for arterial wall integrity and in protecting the endothelium from oxidative stress are critical.

Focuses on
Systolic blood pressureEndothelial functionAntioxidant defenseArterial stiffnessNitric oxide activity
Most relevant for
Individuals with hypertension or type 2 diabetes who may have low baseline vitamin C levels.

Potential benefits

  • Blood Pressure Support.Supplemental vitamin C may provide modest reductions in systolic blood pressure, particularly in individuals with higher baseline readings or type 2 diabetes.
  • Vascular Function.It may improve endothelial function and blood vessel dilation under specific conditions of oxidative stress, such as prolonged sitting or following acute exercise.
  • Antioxidant Protection.Helps reduce biomarkers of oxidative stress and supports nitric oxide activity, which is essential for maintaining healthy blood vessel wall integrity.

Limitations

  • No Event Prevention.Large-scale clinical trials have consistently failed to show that vitamin C supplementation reduces the overall risk of heart attack, stroke, or cardiovascular mortality.
  • Inconsistent Lipid Impact.Meta-analyses indicate that vitamin C generally does not significantly improve cholesterol or triglyceride levels across the broader population.
  • Short-term Durability.Improvements in blood vessel reactivity observed in short-term studies may not be sustained during long-term continuous supplementation.
Things to consider

High-dose supplemental vitamin C has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women with diabetes in one large observational study.

Study evidence

101 studies

Vitamin C can improve some blood-pressure or blood-vessel measurements in selected settings, but supplementation has not shown an overall reduction in cardiovascular events. Effects on risk markers are inconsistent, and favorable findings from intravenous treatment do not establish benefits from ordinary oral supplements.

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Showing 6 of 14 goals

Studies

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Sources

Up to five highest-ranked published examples per goal. Study counts and charts include all published studies for the connection.

  1. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusImmunity
  2. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
    Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledImmunity
  3. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
    Meta-analysisImmunity
  4. New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
    Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
    Randomized trial20 participantsImmunity
  5. Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
    Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity
  6. Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of an ascorbic acid-loaded dissolving microneedle patch via a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.
    Lee C; Yang H; Kim S; Kim M; Kang H; Kim N; An S; Koh J; Jung H · International journal of cosmetic science · 2017
    Randomized trial23 participantsSkin Health
  7. Comparative Study on the Outcome of Periorbital Wrinkles Treated with Laser-Assisted Delivery of Vitamin C or Vitamin C Plus Growth Factors: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial.
    Machado BHB; Frame J; Zhang J; Najlah M · Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021
    Randomized trial149 participantsSkin Health
  8. Randomized trial of topical ascorbic acid in DMSO versus imiquimod for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
    Burke B; Bailie JE · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022
    Randomized trial25 participantsSkin Health
  9. Vitamin C improves healing of foot ulcers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Gunton JE; Girgis CM; Lau T; Vicaretti M; Begg L; Flood V · The British journal of nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial16 participantsSkin Health
  10. Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women.
    Cosgrove MC; Franco OH; Granger SP; Murray PG; Mayes AE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2007
    Cross-sectional study4,025 participantsSkin Health
  11. Role of Oral Vitamin 'C' on Astigmatic Errors in Phacoemulsification.
    Mohan S; Sah K; Khattri M; Ahmad L; Sachan SK · Current eye research · 2021
    Randomized trial400 participantsVision Support
  12. Ascorbic acid metabolites are involved in intraocular pressure control in the general population.
    Hysi PG; Khawaja AP; Menni C; Tamraz B; Wareham N; Khaw KT; Foster PJ; Benet LZ; Spector TD; Hammond CJ · Redox biology · 2019
    Observational studyVision Support
  13. Nutritional modulation of cataract.
    Weikel KA; Garber C; Baburins A; Taylor A · Nutrition reviews · 2014
    Narrative reviewVision Support
  14. Dietary n-3 Fatty Acid, α-Tocopherol, Zinc, vitamin D, vitamin C, and β-carotene are Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Japan.
    Aoki A; Inoue M; Nguyen E; Obata R; Kadonosono K; Shinkai S; Hashimoto H; Sasaki S; Yanagi Y · Scientific reports · 2017
    Case-control study530 participantsVision Support
  15. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, lifestyle and age-related macular degeneration: the Coimbra Eye Study - report 3.
    Raimundo M; Mira F; Cachulo MDL; Barreto P; Ribeiro L; Farinha C; Laíns I; Nunes S; Alves D; Figueira J; Merle BM; Delcourt C; Santos L; Silva R · Acta ophthalmologica · 2019
    Case-control study883 participantsVision Support
  16. Efficacy of Vitamin C as Glucocorticoid Substitute for Reducing Pain and Inflammation After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Jiang W; Xu H; Jiang X; Zhan Y; Ju Y; Xie J; Huang Z; Huang Q; Pei F · The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume · 2025
    Randomized trial107 participantsAnti-Inflammatory SupportJoint Health
  17. The Impact of Vitamin C on Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, and Hemostatic Outcomes After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Moftakhari Hajimirzaei S; Bagherzadeh Cham M; Dolikhani M; Tabatabaee SM; Ebrahimpour A · The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2026
    Meta-analysis1,162 participants10 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support
  18. The impact of vitamin C supplementation on the perioperative outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Liu X; Guo J; Li Y; Yang Y; Liu M; Gao Q; Yang Y; Wu X; Yue C · BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026
    Meta-analysis852 participants8 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support
  19. Therapeutic Impact of Ascorbic Acid on Oral and Periodontal Tissues: A Systematic Literature Review.
    Ruzijevaite G; Acaite E; Jagelaviciene E · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025
    Systematic review811 participants17 studies pooledAnti-Inflammatory Support
  20. Oral vitamin C administration reduces early recurrence rates after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation and attenuates associated inflammation.
    Korantzopoulos P; Kolettis TM; Kountouris E; Dimitroula V; Karanikis P; Pappa E; Siogas K; Goudevenos JA · International journal of cardiology · 2005
    Randomized trial44 participantsAnti-Inflammatory Support
  21. Can Dietary Intake of Vitamin C-Oriented Foods Reduce the Risk of Osteoporosis, Fracture, and BMD Loss? Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses of Recent Studies.
    Zeng LF; Luo MH; Liang GH; Yang WY; Xiao X; Wei X; Yu J; Guo D; Chen HY; Pan JK; Huang HT; Liu Q; Guan ZT; Han YH; Zhao D; Zhao JL; Hou SR; Wu M; Lin JT; Li JH; Liang WX; Ou AH; Wang Q; Li ZP; Liu J · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020
    Meta-analysis19,484 participants17 studies pooledBone Health
  22. Dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of hip fracture: a dose-response meta-analysis.
    Sun Y; Liu C; Bo Y; You J; Zhu Y; Duan D; Cui H; Lu Q · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019
    Meta-analysis6 studies pooledBone Health
  23. Smoking, antioxidant vitamins, and the risk of hip fracture.
    Melhus H; Michaëlsson K; Holmberg L; Wolk A; Ljunghall S · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 1999
    Cohort study66,651 participantsBone Health
  24. Micronutrients and the risk of hip fracture: Case-control study.
    Torbergsen AC; Watne LO; Wyller TB; Frihagen F; Strømsøe K; Bøhmer T; Mowe M · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2018
    Case-control study189 participantsBone Health
  25. Favorable effect of dietary vitamin C on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women (KNHANES IV, 2009): discrepancies regarding skeletal sites, age, and vitamin D status.
    Kim YA; Kim KM; Lim S; Choi SH; Moon JH; Kim JH; Kim SW; Jang HC; Shin CS · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016
    Cross-sectional study1,196 participantsBone Health
  26. Vitamin C may reduce troponin and CKMB levels after PCI and CABG: a meta-analysis.
    Rozemeijer S; Hemilä H; van Baaren M; de Man AME · BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023
    Meta-analysis872 participants7 studies pooledCardiovascular Support
  27. Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by restoring nitric oxide activity in essential hypertension.
    Taddei S; Virdis A; Ghiadoni L; Magagna A; Salvetti A · Circulation · 1998
    Clinical trial49 participantsCardiovascular Support
  28. Vitamin C supplementation improves blood pressure and oxidative stress after acute exercise in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.
    Boonthongkaew C; Tong-Un T; Kanpetta Y; Chaungchot N; Leelayuwat C; Leelayuwat N · The Chinese journal of physiology · 2021
    Randomized trial24 participantsCardiovascular Support
  29. Vascular benefits of vitamin C supplementation against fine particulate air pollution in healthy adults: A double-blind randomised crossover trial.
    Ren J; Liang J; Wang J; Yin B; Zhang F; Li X; Zhu S; Tian H; Cui Q; Song J; Liu G; Ling W; Ma Y · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2022
    Randomized trial58 participantsCardiovascular Support
  30. Ascorbic acid reduces blood pressure and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.
    Mullan BA; Young IS; Fee H; McCance DR · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2003
    Randomized trial30 participantsCardiovascular Support
  31. Vitamin C supplementation ameliorates liver function profile and antiviral treatment response in Hepatitis C patients.
    Nayila I; Javed MS; Khan MA; Hussain G; Raza Naqvi SA; Ali S; Jabeen Z; Shahnawaz S; Akram R; Iman T; Hassan Dogar MZ; Malik SA · Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2022
    Non-randomized trial200 participantsDetoxification
  32. Effect of ascorbic acid-rich diet on in vivo-induced oxidative stress.
    Alleva R; Di Donato F; Strafella E; Staffolani S; Nocchi L; Borghi B; Pignotti E; Santarelli L; Tomasetti M · The British journal of nutrition · 2012
    Non-randomized trial46 participantsDetoxification
  33. Dietary Vitamin C Intake Is Associated With Improved Liver Function and Glucose Metabolism in Chinese Adults.
    Luo X; Zhang W; He Z; Yang H; Gao J; Wu P; Ma ZF · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Observational study8,307 participantsDetoxification
  34. Plasma ascorbate deficiency is associated with impaired reduction of sulfamethoxazole-nitroso in HIV infection.
    Trepanier LA; Yoder AR; Bajad S; Beckwith MD; Bellehumeur JL; Graziano FM · Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2005
    Observational studyDetoxification
  35. Roles of endogenous ascorbate and glutathione in the cellular reduction and cytotoxicity of sulfamethoxazole-nitroso.
    Lavergne SN; Kurian JR; Bajad SU; Maki JE; Yoder AR; Guzinski MV; Graziano FM; Trepanier LA · Toxicology · 2006
    Clinical trial53 participantsDetoxification
  36. Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
    Aune D; Keum N; Giovannucci E; Fadnes LT; Boffetta P; Greenwood DC; Tonstad S; Vatten LJ; Riboli E; Norat T · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019
    Meta-analysis69 studies pooledGeneral Health
  37. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin C and increasing non haem iron absorption pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusGeneral Health
  38. Vitamin C Depletion and All-Cause Mortality in Renal Transplant Recipients.
    Sotomayor CG; Eisenga MF; Gomes Neto AW; Ozyilmaz A; Gans ROB; Jong WHA; Zelle DM; Berger SP; Gaillard CAJM; Navis GJ; Bakker SJ · Nutrients · 2018
    Cohort study598 participantsGeneral Health
  39. Associations of Serum Biomarkers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake With the Risk of Cause-Specific Mortality and All-Cause Mortality: A National Prospective Cohort Study.
    Pu L; Zhang R; Wang X; Zhao T; Sun H; Han L · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Cohort study12,530 participantsGeneral Health
  40. Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study: a prospective population study. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
    Khaw KT; Bingham S; Welch A; Luben R; Wareham N; Oakes S; Day N · Lancet (London, England) · 2001
    Cohort study19,496 participantsGeneral Health
  41. Management of hair loss associated with endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer: an overview.
    Karatas F; Sahin S; Sever AR; Altundag K · SpringerPlus · 2016
    Narrative reviewHair Health
  42. Elucidating causal relationships of diet-derived circulating antioxidants and the risk of non-scarring alopecia: A Mendelian randomization study.
    Ba Y; Shen L; Peng X; Zhang Y; Wang J · Medicine · 2024
    Methods validation study201,019 participantsHair Health
  43. Alterations of plasma antioxidants and mitochondrial DNA mutation in hair follicles of smokers.
    Liu CS; Chen HW; Lii CK; Tsai CS; Kuo CL; Wei YH · Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2002
    Observational studyHair Health
  44. Removal of synthetic hair dye using formamidine sulfinic acid and other sulfinate precursors.
    Hawkes JA; Lewis DM; Mama J; Murray J · International journal of cosmetic science · 2026
    Methods validation studyHair Health
  45. A Zinc Sulphate-Resistant Acrodermatitis Enteropathica Patient with a Novel Mutation in SLC39A4 Gene.
    Kilic M; Taskesen M; Coskun T; Gürakan F; Tokatli A; Sivri HS; Dursun A; Schmitt S; Küry S · JIMD reports · 2013
    Case reportHair Health
  46. Vitamin C supplementation alleviates hypercortisolemia caused by chronic stress.
    Beglaryan N; Hakobyan G; Nazaretyan E · Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2024
    Randomized trial69 participantsStress Relief
  47. Effect of Vitamin C on adrenal suppression by etomidate induction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial.
    Das D; Sen C; Goswami A · Annals of cardiac anaesthesia · 2017
    Randomized trial78 participantsStress Relief
  48. The impact of essential fatty acid, B vitamins, vitamin C, magnesium and zinc supplementation on stress levels in women: a systematic review.
    McCabe D; Lisy K; Lockwood C; Colbeck M · JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports · 2018
    Systematic review14 studies pooledStress Relief
  49. Exercise-induced oxidative stress before and after vitamin C supplementation.
    Alessio HM; Goldfarb AH; Cao G · International journal of sport nutrition · 1997
    Clinical trialStress Relief
  50. Effects of Oral Vitamin C Supplementation on Anxiety in Students: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    de Oliveira IJ; de Souza VV; Motta V; Da-Silva SL · Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS · 2015
    Randomized trial42 participantsStress Relief
  51. Study on the Multiple Efficacies of Vitamin C Serum in Anti-Glycation, Anti-Carbonylation, Antioxidation, and Anti-Inflammation of Human Skin Based on In Vivo Tests.
    Zi Y; Liu J; Liu Q; Pan Y; Jiang X · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026
    Randomized trial66 participantsAnti-Aging
  52. Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of a lipophilic pro-vitamin C derivative, tetra-isopalmitoyl ascorbic acid.
    Yokota M; Yahagi S · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022
    Randomized trial69 participantsAnti-Aging
  53. The role of vitamin C in pushing back the boundaries of skin aging: an ultrasonographic approach.
    Crisan D; Roman I; Crisan M; Scharffetter-Kochanek K; Badea R · Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2015
    Clinical trial60 participantsAnti-Aging
  54. In vivo evaluation of topical ascorbic acid application on skin aging by 50 MHz ultrasound.
    Vergilio MM; Aiello LM; Furlan AS; Caritá AC; Azevedo JR; Bolzinger MA; Chevalier Y; Leonardi GR · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022
    Randomized trial25 participantsAnti-Aging
  55. Clinical Applications of Vitamin C in Dermatology: A Systematic Review.
    Boghosian T; Mendez H; Boghosian N; Sayegh M; Beer J; Tosti A · The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2026
    Systematic review44 studies pooledAnti-Aging
  56. Inter-individual variability in redox and performance responses after antioxidant supplementation: A randomized double blind crossover study.
    Margaritelis NV; Nastos GG; Vasileiadou O; Chatzinikolaou PN; Theodorou AA; Paschalis V; Vrabas IS; Kyparos A; Fatouros IG; Nikolaidis MG · Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2023
    Randomized trial44 participantsFitness
  57. Antioxidant supplementation, redox deficiencies and exercise performance: A falsification design.
    Margaritelis NV; Paschalis V; Theodorou AA; Kyparos A; Nikolaidis MG · Free radical biology & medicine · 2021
    Randomized trial73 participantsFitness
  58. A significant relationship between plasma vitamin C concentration and physical performance among Japanese elderly women.
    Saito K; Yokoyama T; Yoshida H; Kim H; Shimada H; Yoshida Y; Iwasa H; Shimizu Y; Kondo Y; Handa S; Maruyama N; Ishigami A; Suzuki T · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2012
    Cross-sectional study655 participantsFitness
  59. Low vitamin C values are linked with decreased physical performance and increased oxidative stress: reversal by vitamin C supplementation.
    Paschalis V; Theodorou AA; Kyparos A; Dipla K; Zafeiridis A; Panayiotou G; Vrabas IS; Nikolaidis MG · European journal of nutrition · 2016
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    Park CY; Shin S · Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2024
    Cross-sectional study14,844 participantsFitness
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    Dunleavy KA; Ungaro RC; Manning L; Gold S; Novak J; Colombel JF · Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2023
    Other20 participantsNail Health
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    Han G; Ye Y; Kang P · Drug design, development and therapy · 2025
    Randomized trial100 participantsJoint Health
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    Plotnikoff R; Karunamuni N; Lytvyak E; Penfold C; Schopflocher D; Imayama I; Johnson ST; Raine K · BMC public health · 2016
    Cross-sectional study4,733 participantsJoint Health
  64. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Vitamin C during the Postoperative Period in Patients Subjected to Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Ramón R; Holguín E; Chiriboga JD; Rubio N; Ballesteros C; Ezechieli M · Journal of personalized medicine · 2023
    Randomized trial110 participantsJoint Health
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    Fain O · Joint bone spine · 2005
    Narrative reviewJoint Health