Vitamin B12

vitamin
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Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble nutrient that supports the development and health of nerve cells, including the formation of the protective myelin sheath. It is also necessary for the production of red blood cells and acts as a key cofactor in DNA synthesis and regulation, which helps maintain healthy blood levels. This vitamin is important for brain function and cognitive health, including the regulation of mood and memory. It participates in the metabolism of every cell, particularly affecting fatty acid and amino acid pathways, which contributes to overall energy production and cellular health. Absorption of this nutrient is a complex process that relies on intrinsic factor produced in the stomach. Because it is primarily found in animal products, certain groups—including strict vegetarians, vegans, older adults, and those with digestive concerns—may have a higher risk of deficiency and may benefit from supplementation.

Natural sources
Meat (especially beef liver)Fish (e.g., salmon, tuna)PoultryEggsDairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt)Fortified cerealsFortified plant-based milks

Ingredient forms

No public comparison lists found.

Timing & Intake
AnytimePreferred: MorningEmpty stomachTake with Folate and Vitamin B6 for synergistic metabolic support.
This is often taken in the morning to support energy metabolism, though it can be taken at any time. Taking it on an empty stomach may help support better absorption.
Daily Intake
RDA (Men)2 mcg
RDA (Women)2 mcg
RDI2 mcg
Optimal Dosage
Minimum250 mcg
Maximum500 mcg
Safety & Toxicity
Toxicity Effectno known toxicity
3 safety notes
  • Individuals with Leber's disease should avoid B12 supplementation without medical supervision, as it may cause optic nerve damage.
  • High doses of Vitamin B12 are generally well-tolerated, but consult a healthcare professional for specific medical conditions.
  • Individuals with pernicious anemia require B12 injections rather than oral supplements due to impaired absorption.
Goals
Anti-Aging
Anti-Aging
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:10–1000 mcg
Vitamin B12 is vital for maintaining the myelin sheath that protects nerve cells and for metabolizing homocysteine, an amino acid linked to cardiovascular and cognitive issues when elevated. Age-related changes in stomach acid can impair B12 absorption from food, making supplementation a key strategy for older adults to maintain energy levels and brain function.

Study evidence

8 studies

Vitamin B12 status is linked to frailty and some markers of aging, but these associations do not show that supplementation slows aging. The supplied evidence does not establish longer life or broad anti-aging benefits from extra B12 in people with adequate levels.

View goal
Brain Health
Brain Health
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:500–2500 mcg
Vitamin B12 is essential for the health and integrity of the central nervous system. It plays a direct role in the synthesis of myelin, the fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers and ensures rapid communication between neurons. Deficiency, common in older adults and plant-based diets, can lead to irreversible neurological damage and severe cognitive impairment.

Study evidence

74 studies

Vitamin B12 is important for brain function, and treating clear deficiency can improve related neurological problems. However, supplementation has not consistently improved memory or thinking in people without overt deficiency, and it is not established as a way to prevent dementia.

View goal
Cognitive Support
Cognitive Support
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:250–1000 mcg
Deficiency in Vitamin B12 is directly linked to cognitive impairment, memory loss, and fatigue. It works in concert with Folate (B9) to regulate homocysteine levels, an amino acid that can be neurotoxic at high concentrations. Supplementation is particularly important for older adults and those on plant-based diets.

Study evidence

84 studies

Vitamin B12 can help cognition when clear deficiency contributes to symptoms, but extra B12 has not consistently improved memory or prevented decline in people without such deficiency. Positive findings often involve combinations with other B vitamins or selected clinical populations.

View goal
Detoxification
Detoxification
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:100–1000 mcg
Vitamin B12 is essential for regenerating methionine to fuel the entire methylation cycle.

Study evidence

8 studies

A specific form of Vitamin B12, intravenous hydroxocobalamin, has a medical role in treating cyanide poisoning. That targeted antidote use does not establish a general detoxification benefit from oral B12 supplements, and the supplied supplementation research does not show clear improvements in liver health.

View goal
Energy
Energy
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:250–2000 mcg
Vitamin B12 is a necessary cofactor for the metabolism of every cell in the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and energy production. It helps convert fats and proteins into energy and is vital for maintaining healthy nerve cells. Deficiencies are common in older adults and those on plant-based diets.

Study evidence

14 studies

Vitamin B12 can help when fatigue is caused by B12 deficiency, but extra B12 has not shown a consistent energy benefit in people without deficiency. Favorable findings in chronic illness are preliminary and do not establish a general energy boost.

View goal
General Health
General Health
Impact
Highest effect
Typical dose:100–1000 mcg
Vitamin B12 is critical for converting food into cellular energy (ATP), maintaining the protective sheath around nerve cells, and producing healthy red blood cells. Deficiencies are prevalent, particularly among older adults and those on plant-based diets, and can lead to fatigue and neurological issues.

Study evidence

66 studies

Vitamin B12 is necessary for normal blood and nerve function, and correcting inadequate status can help in specific clinical settings. The available evidence does not show that taking extra B12 broadly improves well-being, prevents chronic disease, or extends life when nutritional needs are already met.

View goal
Showing 6 of 17 goals

Studies

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Sources

Up to five highest-ranked published examples per goal. Study counts and charts include all published studies for the connection.

  1. Non-linear association between serum levels of vitamins A and B12 and accelerated epigenetic aging.
    Ma Z; An M; Gong W; Chen X; Liang M; Zhang J; Du X; Lu F; He Q; Wang M; Zhong J; Sun C · Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
    Cross-sectional study2,530 participantsAnti-Aging
  2. Gender-specific impact of personal health parameters on individual brain aging in cognitively unimpaired elderly subjects.
    Franke K; Ristow M; Gaser C; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative · Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2014
    Cross-sectional study228 participantsAnti-Aging
  3. Homocysteine and the risk of nursing home admission and mortality in older persons.
    Swart KM; van Schoor NM; Blom HJ; Smulders YM; Lips P · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2012
    Cohort study1,117 participantsAnti-Aging
  4. Dynamics and interactions of cobalamin and folate status during advanced aging - a longitudinal study in a community-dwelling cohort with multiple follow-ups.
    Jungert A; Zenke-Philippi C; Neuhäuser-Berthold M · Nutrition journal · 2021
    Cohort study332 participantsAnti-Aging
  5. Association between serum vitamin B12 and risk of all-cause mortality in elderly adults: a prospective cohort study.
    Xu K; Liu X; Liu J; Zhang Y; Ding X; Li L; Sun J · BMC geriatrics · 2021
    Cohort study2,086 participantsAnti-Aging
  6. Relationship between vitamin B12 levels and motor development: A systematic review.
    Dos Santos MERA; da Silva KG; da Silva Souza AP; da Silva ABJ; da Silva RF; da Silva EHA; de Souza SL; Barros WMA · Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2024
    Systematic review1,559 participants8 studies pooledBrain Health
  7. Vitamin B12 supplementation improves cognitive function in middle aged and elderly patients with cognitive impairment.
    Zhou L; Bai X; Huang J; Tan Y; Yang Q · Nutricion hospitalaria · 2023
    Randomized trial115 participantsBrain HealthCognitive SupportMental Focus
  8. Structural and Functional Brain Changes Associated with Vitamin B12 Deficiency using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
    Alghamdi A · Current medical imaging · 2023
    Meta-analysis12 studies pooledBrain Health
  9. Maternal vitamin B12, vitamin D, and folic acid status during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment: a systematic review.
    Franco L; de Andrade CVF; Margini LV; Sousa N · Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026
    Systematic review22 studies pooledBrain Health
  10. Higher vitamin B12 from mid- to late life is related to slower rates of cognitive decline.
    Marino FR; Rogers G; Miller JW; Selhub J; Mez J; Crane PK; Mukherjee S; Saykin AJ; Hohman TJ; Trittschuh EH; Au R; Jacques PF; Hwang PH · Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Cohort study1,994 participantsBrain Health
  11. Maternal Vitamin B12 Status During Pregnancy and Its Association With Outcomes of Pregnancy and Health of the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Implications for Policy in India.
    Behere RV; Deshmukh AS; Otiv S; Gupte MD; Yajnik CS · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021
    Systematic review46 studies pooledCognitive Support
  12. Effect of Maternal Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Outcomes in South Indian Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
    Thomas S; Thomas T; Bosch RJ; Ramthal A; Bellinger DC; Kurpad AV; Duggan CP; Srinivasan K · Maternal and child health journal · 2019
    Randomized trial218 participantsCognitive Support
  13. Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12, Alone and in Combination on Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Factors in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Single-blind Experimental Design.
    Ma F; Zhou X; Li Q; Zhao J; Song A; An P; Du Y; Xu W; Huang G · Current Alzheimer research · 2020
    Randomized trial240 participantsProductivity BoostCognitive Support
  14. Prenatal vitamin B12 status and cognitive functioning in children at 4 years of age: The ECLIPSES Study.
    Cruz-Rodríguez J; Canals-Sans J; Hernández-Martínez C; Voltas-Moreso N; Arija V · Maternal & child nutrition · 2023
    Cohort study249 participantsCognitive SupportProductivity Boost
  15. Antidotes for acute cyanide poisoning.
    Borron SW; Baud FJ · Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2013
    Narrative reviewDetoxification
  16. Prospective study of hydroxocobalamin for acute cyanide poisoning in smoke inhalation.
    Borron SW; Baud FJ; Barriot P; Imbert M; Bismuth C · Annals of emergency medicine · 2007
    Case series69 participantsDetoxification
  17. Comment on "Rapid visual detection of blood cyanide" by C. Männel-Croisé and F. Zelder, Analytical Methods, 2012, 4, 2632.
    Kadjo AF; Dasgupta PK; Boss GR · Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications · 2023
    Editorial / commentaryDetoxification
  18. [Acute intoxication in adults - what you should know].
    Zilker T · Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2014
    Narrative reviewDetoxification
  19. Investigating vitamin B12 levels in children with obesity: the role of metformin.
    Iwańska A; Goncerz D; Ahmed M; Aoun R; Kozioł-Kozakowska A; Szczudlik E; Stępniewska A; Wójcik M; Starzyk JB · European journal of pediatrics · 2026
    Observational study500 participantsDetoxification
  20. A new perspective on vitamin B12 deficiency in rheumatology: a case-based review.
    Dułak NA; Rytlewska M; Jaskólska M; Chmielewski M · Rheumatology international · 2024
    Case series3 participantsEnergy
  21. Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.
    Markun S; Gravestock I; Jäger L; Rosemann T; Pichierri G; Burgstaller JM · Nutrients · 2021
    Meta-analysis6,276 participants16 studies pooledEnergy
  22. Patients' experiences with methylcobalamin injections in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    Zubair AS; Saab L; Scharer K; Khokhar B · Brain circulation · 2024
    Qualitative study5 participantsEnergy
  23. Cobalamin deficiency: clinical picture and radiological findings.
    Briani C; Dalla Torre C; Citton V; Manara R; Pompanin S; Binotto G; Adami F · Nutrients · 2014
    Narrative reviewEnergy
  24. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Common Questions and Answers.
    Patel H; McGuirk R · American family physician · 2025
    Narrative reviewEnergy
  25. Oral Vitamin B12 versus Placebo for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Gynecological Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Insin P; Chaiwongsa T; Prueksaritanond N · Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026
    Randomized trial40 participantsGeneral Health
  26. Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Diabetic Neuropathy: A 1-Year, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Didangelos T; Karlafti E; Kotzakioulafi E; Margariti E; Giannoulaki P; Batanis G; Tesfaye S; Kantartzis K · Nutrients · 2021
    Randomized trial90 participantsGeneral Health
  27. A single-center randomized controlled trial of local methylcobalamin injection for subacute herpetic neuralgia.
    Xu G; Lv ZW; Feng Y; Tang WZ; Xu GX · Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2014
    Randomized trial98 participantsGeneral Health
  28. Local Injection of Methylcobalamin Combined with Lidocaine for Acute Herpetic Neuralgia.
    Xǔ G; Xu S; Tang WZ; Xú G; Cheng C; Xu J · Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2017
    Randomized trial204 participantsGeneral Health
  29. The Effect of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation on Serum Homocysteine, Anemia Status and Quality of Life of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.
    Nozari E; Ghavamzadeh S; Razazian N · Clinical nutrition research · 2022
    Clinical trial50 participantsGeneral Health
  30. Associations of one-carbon metabolism, related B-vitamins and ApoE genotype with cognitive function in older adults: identification of a novel gene-nutrient interaction.
    Gordon S; Hoey L; McNulty H; Keenan J; Pangilinan F; Brody LC; Ward M; Strain JJ; McAnena L; McCann A; Molloy AM; Cunningham C; McCarroll K; Hughes CF · BMC medicine · 2025
    Observational study4,553 participantsMental Focus
  31. Vitamin B12 Levels Association with Functional and Structural Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Injury in Older Adults.
    Beaudry-Richard A; Abdelhak A; Saloner R; Sacco S; Montes SC; Oertel FC; Cordano C; Jabassini N; Ananth K; Gomez A; Keihani A; Chapman M; Javvadi S; Saha S; Staffaroni A; Songster C; Warren M; Boscardin JW; Kramer J; Miller B; Miller JW; Green R; Green AJ · Annals of neurology · 2025
    Cross-sectional study231 participantsMental Focus
  32. Cobalamin: a critical vitamin in the elderly.
    Wolters M; Ströhle A; Hahn A · Preventive medicine · 2005
    Narrative reviewMental Focus
  33. The association of betaine, homocysteine and related metabolites with cognitive function in Dutch elderly people.
    Eussen SJ; Ueland PM; Clarke R; Blom HJ; Hoefnagels WH; van Staveren WA; de Groot LC · The British journal of nutrition · 2007
    Randomized trial195 participantsMental Focus
  34. Association of maternal vitamin B12 and folate levels in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes: a prospective UK cohort study (PRiDE study).
    Saravanan P; Sukumar N; Adaikalakoteswari A; Goljan I; Venkataraman H; Gopinath A; Bagias C; Yajnik CS; Stallard N; Ghebremichael-Weldeselassie Y; Fall CHD · Diabetologia · 2022
    Cohort study4,746 participantsMetabolism Boost
  35. First Revision of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Remethylation Disorders.
    Olivieri G; Bordugo A; Burnyte B; Costetti A; Couce ML; Diogo L; Feillet F; Froese DS; Greco B; Gueant JL; Hannibal L; Hörster F; Kožich V; La Marca G; Manoli I; Mochel F; Orazi L; Pérez B; Schiff M; Schwahn BC; Schwartz I; Stepien KM; Sykut-Cegielska J; Tangeraas T; Zetterström RH; Dionisi-Vici C; Huemer M · Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026
    Guideline / consensusMetabolism Boost
  36. Cobalamin deficiency with and without neurologic abnormalities: differences in homocysteine and methionine metabolism.
    Carmel R; Melnyk S; James SJ · Blood · 2003
    Observational study39 participantsMetabolism Boost
  37. Efficacy of sublingual and oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular administration: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Mazur M; Ndokaj A; Salerno C; Vallone J; Ardan R; Bietolini S; Carrouel F; Wilk A; Sarig R; Ottolenghi L; Bourgeois D · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026
    Meta-analysis6,098 participants16 studies pooledMetabolism Boost
  38. Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency in children.
    Kanvinde P; Khurana R; Mudaliar S · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Narrative reviewMetabolism Boost
  39. Efficacy of B-vitamins and vitamin D therapy in improving depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
    Borges-Vieira JG; Cardoso CKS · Nutritional neuroscience · 2023
    Systematic review2,256 participants20 studies pooledMood Support
  40. Subjective well-being in older adults: folate and vitamin B12 independently predict positive affect.
    Edney LC; Burns NR; Danthiir V · The British journal of nutrition · 2016
    Cohort study391 participantsMood Support
  41. Association between of vitamin B12 status during pregnancy and probable postpartum depression: the ECLIPSES study.
    Cruz-Rodríguez J; Canals-Sans J; Hernández-Martínez C; Arija V · Journal of reproductive and infant psychology · 2025
    Cohort study336 participantsMood Support
  42. The biological relationship among depression, vitamins B9, B12, and D, and genetic variants: a systematic review.
    Soriano-Gonzalez R; Ramirez-Olea H; Gonzalez-Soltero R; Chavez-Santoscoy RA · Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
    Systematic review24 studies pooledMood Support
  43. Associations of dietary B vitamins intakes with depression in adults.
    Wu Y; Li S; Wang W; Zhang D · International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition · 2023
    Observational study17,732 participantsMood Support
  44. Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Meli AM; Ali A; Mhd Jalil AM; Mohd Yusof H; Tan MMC · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022
    Meta-analysisProductivity Boost
  45. Effects of vitamin B12 on performance and circadian rhythm in normal subjects.
    Mayer G; Kröger M; Meier-Ewert K · Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 1997
    Randomized trial20 participantsProductivity Boost
  46. Cognitive function in an elderly population: interaction between vitamin B12 status, depression, and apolipoprotein E ε4: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study.
    Vogiatzoglou A; Smith AD; Nurk E; Drevon CA; Ueland PM; Vollset SE; Nygaard HA; Engedal K; Tell GS; Refsum H · Psychosomatic medicine · 2013
    Cross-sectional study1,935 participantsProductivity Boost
  47. Vitamin B12 Status and Cardiovascular Risk: Novel Insights from NMR-Based Lipoprotein Profiling in 20,665 Adults.
    Eken Y; Tekin N; Şahin F; Tay İ; Yıldırım Saral N; Serteser M; Baykal AT · Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
    Cross-sectional study20,665 participantsCardiovascular SupportHeart Health
  48. Pregnancy Metal Mixtures and Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Mid-Life: A Prospective U.S. Cohort Study.
    Zhang M; Aris IM; Cardenas A; Rifas-Shiman SL; Lin PD; Ngo LH; Oken E; Hivert MF; Juraschek SP · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025
    Cohort study493 participantsCardiovascular Support
  49. Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Hyperhomocysteinemia, and Diabetes as Metabolic Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk in Mexican Women.
    Ramirez-Villalobos MD; Monterrubio-Flores E; Marquez-Murillo M; Alcalde-Rabanal J; Shamah-Levy T; Perichart-Perera O; Macias-Morales N; Campos-Nonato I · Nutrients · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,197 participantsCardiovascular Support
  50. Impact of serum vitamin (Vitamin D, Vitamin B12) and trace element (Fe, Zn, Cu) levels on major adverse cardiovascular events and poor prognosis in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.
    Wang C; Liu D; Tang M; Liu J; Ma Y · Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2026
    Cohort study202 participantsCardiovascular Support
  51. Vasoplegic syndrome after cardiovascular surgery: A review of pathophysiology and outcome-oriented therapeutic management.
    Datt V; Wadhhwa R; Sharma V; Virmani S; Minhas HS; Malik S · Journal of cardiac surgery · 2021
    Systematic reviewCardiovascular Support
  52. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Hansen CS; Jensen JS; Ridderstråle M; Vistisen D; Jørgensen ME; Fleischer J · Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2018
    Cross-sectional study469 participantsHeart Health
  53. Vitamin B12 and folate status in early pregnancy and cardiometabolic risk factors in the offspring at age 5-6 years: findings from the ABCD multi-ethnic birth cohort.
    Krikke GG; Grooten IJ; Vrijkotte TG; van Eijsden M; Roseboom TJ; Painter RC · BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2016
    Cohort study1,950 participantsHeart Health
  54. Orthostatic tolerance in older patients with vitamin B12 deficiency before and after vitamin B12 replacement.
    Moore A; Ryan J; Watts M; Pillay I; Clinch D; Lyons D · Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2004
    Non-randomized trial16 participantsHeart Health
  55. The impact of folic acid/VB12 deficiency on essential hypertension in children and adolescents: from a nested case-control and a cohort study.
    Liang X; Huang D; Bi Y; He Y; Mao T; Liu Q; Hu G; Tong J; Chen L; Wang Y; An X; Jiang X; Tahir MF · Journal of human hypertension · 2024
    Observational study596 participantsHeart Health
  56. Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on oxidative stress markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines during pregnancy and postpartum among Bangladeshi mother-child pairs.
    Siddiqua TJ; Akhtar E; Haq MA; Shahab-Ferdows S; Hampel D; Islam S; Ahmed T; Allen LH; Raqib R · BMC nutrition · 2024
    Randomized trial68 participantsStress Relief
  57. Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and the MTHFR 677C->T polymorphism in anxiety and depression: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study.
    Bjelland I; Tell GS; Vollset SE; Refsum H; Ueland PM · Archives of general psychiatry · 2003
    Cross-sectional study5,948 participantsStress Relief
  58. Vitamin B12 deficiency and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study of vegans, vegetarians, and omnivores.
    Al Jassem O; Kheir K; Ismail A; Abou-Abbas L; Masri A; Haddad C; Nasrallah K; El Masry J · PloS one · 2024
    Cross-sectional study483 participantsStress Relief
  59. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of B Vitamin Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Stress: Effects on Healthy and 'At-Risk' Individuals
    Lauren M. Young, Andrew Pipingas, David J. White, Sarah Gauci, Andrew Scholey · Nutrients · 2019
    Meta-analysis12 studies pooledStress Relief
  60. Effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on stress, mild psychiatric symptoms, and mood in nonclinical samples: a meta-analysis
    Stephen J. Long, David Benton · Psychosomatic Medicine · 2013
    Meta-analysis8 studies pooledStress Relief
  61. Effect of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density and Quantitative Ultrasound Parameters in Older People with an Elevated Plasma Homocysteine Level: B-PROOF, a Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Enneman AW; Swart KM; van Wijngaarden JP; van Dijk SC; Ham AC; Brouwer-Brolsma EM; van der Zwaluw NL; Dhonukshe-Rutten RA; van der Cammen TJ; de Groot LC; van Meurs J; Lips P; Uitterlinden AG; Zillikens MC; van Schoor NM; van der Velde N · Calcified tissue international · 2016
    Randomized trial1,111 participantsBone Health
  62. Plasma B vitamins, homocysteine, and their relation with bone loss and hip fracture in elderly men and women.
    McLean RR; Jacques PF; Selhub J; Fredman L; Tucker KL; Samelson EJ; Kiel DP; Cupples LA; Hannan MT · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2008
    Cohort study1,002 participantsBone Health
  63. Relation between homocysteine and B-vitamin status indicators and bone mineral density in older Americans.
    Morris MS; Jacques PF; Selhub J · Bone · 2006
    Cross-sectional study1,550 participantsBone Health
  64. The role of B-vitamin intake, B-vitamin-rich dietary patterns, the B-vitamin deficiency index in bone mineral density among school-aged children.
    Tan L; Zhang Y; Cui N; Huang S; Weng S; Bao M; Jiang Y; Huang M; Yang X · Pediatric research · 2026
    Cross-sectional study1,026 participantsBone Health
  65. Hyperhomocysteinemia is Associated with Inflammation, Bone Resorption, Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency and MTHFR C677T Polymorphism in Postmenopausal Women with Decreased Bone Mineral Density.
    De Martinis M; Sirufo MM; Nocelli C; Fontanella L; Ginaldi L · International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Cross-sectional study252 participantsBone Health
  66. Quantitative Analysis of Selected Circulating Hematological Biomarkers, Essential Minerals, Vitamins, and Thyroid Hormones in Females Affected by Hair Loss.
    Al-Fawaeir S; Al-Odat I · Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Case-control study200 participantsHair Health
  67. Factors Associated with Premature Hair Graying in a Young Indian Population.
    Chakrabarty S; Krishnappa PG; Gowda DG; Hiremath J · International journal of trichology · 2016
    Case-control study74 participantsHair Health
  68. Risk Factors for Pediatric Alopecia Areata: Clinical and Biochemical Findings from a Case - Control Study.
    İritaş SY · Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2026
    Case-control study600 participantsHair Health
  69. Hair Loss After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
    Katsogridaki G; Tzovaras G; Sioka E; Perivoliotis K; Zachari E; Magouliotis D; Tasiopoulou V; Chatedaki C; Zacharoulis D · Obesity surgery · 2019
    Cohort study50 participantsHair Health
  70. Demographic Characteristics and Association of Serum Vitamin B12, Ferritin and Thyroid Function with Premature Canities in Indian Patients from an Urban Skin Clinic of North India: A Retrospective Analysis of 71 Cases.
    Sonthalia S; Priya A; Tobin DJ · Indian journal of dermatology · 2022
    Cross-sectional study71 participantsHair Health
  71. Vitamins and minerals: their role in nail health and disease.
    Scheinfeld N; Dahdah MJ; Scher R · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2007
    Narrative reviewNail Health
  72. Reversible hyperpigmentation of vitamin B12 deficiency
    K. Vijayakumar, H. Gopinath · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · 2020
    Other1 participantsNail Health
  73. A review of vitamin B12 in dermatology
    Jennifer Brescoll, Steven Daveluy · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · 2015
    OtherNail Health
  74. Reversible cutaneous hyperpigmentation and nails with white hair due to vitamin B12 deficiency
    Shiro Niiyama, Hideki Mukai · European Journal of Dermatology · 2007
    Other1 participantsNail Health