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Men

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
4.7
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(6347 ratings)
Manganese 2.3 mg
Selenium 55 mcg
Boron 1 mg
Vitamin K 120 mcg
Molybdenum 45 mcg
Product Image
Score65

A broad men's multivitamin with useful vitamin forms and trace minerals. High capsule burden and opaque blends reduce practical and targeted value.

How scoring works
Quantity:240 Capsule(s) • (60 servings)
Goals:
General Health
Immunity

Score 65

A broad men's multivitamin with useful vitamin forms and trace minerals. High capsule burden and opaque blends reduce practical and targeted value.

How scoring works

Also available as

1 option
120 servings 4 Capsule(s) • 120 Capsule(s) • 30 servings $32.99 ($1.09 per serving)
$60.89($1.01 per serving)
Vitacost
$ 66.99
Walmart
$ 60.89
Amazon
$ 71.41
iHerb
$ 60.89
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Analysis

The serving supplies vitamin D3, natural vitamin E, vitamin K1, methylcobalamin, iodine, zinc, selenium, manganese, chromium, and molybdenum. The profile supports broad daily maintenance without iron.

A 560 mg fruit and vegetable blend and a 40 mg probiotic and enzyme blend do not disclose individual components. Lycopene at 250 mcg, boron at 1 mg, and MK-4 at 20 mcg add little targeted cardiovascular or bone depth.

Four capsules are required, while calcium and magnesium are absent. The product suits men who value a food-based positioning more than those seeking efficient or highly targeted supplementation.

Who is it for
  • Men seeking broad food-positioned nutrition
  • Adults wanting methylcobalamin
  • Users comfortable taking four capsules
Best for
  • General micronutrient maintenance
  • Vitamin D and zinc intake
  • Iron-free daily supplementation

Pros

  • Uses vitamin D3 and methylcobalamin
  • Natural vitamin E
  • Includes zinc and iodine
  • Broad trace-mineral profile
  • Iron-free

Cons

  • Four-capsule serving
  • Opaque food and probiotic blends
  • No calcium or magnesium
  • Token lycopene and MK-4
  • Limited cardiovascular depth

Warnings

  • Vitamin K can interfere with warfarin and other vitamin K antagonists
  • Kelp-derived iodine may matter for people with thyroid conditions
  • Probiotic and enzyme ingredients may cause digestive intolerance
  • Opaque blends make allergy screening more difficult

Nutrient quality

75 High impact

The formula covers many daily nutrients but has a material dose or coverage weakness. Useful forms remain present, while small extras and vague blends do not correct the gap.

Ingredient transparency

63 Moderate impact

Main vitamin and mineral amounts are shown, but one or more blends hide their components. Complete inactive ingredients and full use directions are also not supplied.

Customer satisfaction

71 High impact

The aggregate satisfaction signal is strong and the supplied volume is substantial. No specific experience details are supplied to assess repeated complaints or purpose-related outcomes.

Value for money

50 Lower impact

Broad coverage partly supports the market position, but the serving value is weak. Opaque blends and token specialty ingredients reduce competitiveness.

Report analysis

Goals

General Health
General Health
Impact
Highest effect
A- Goal FitB- Strength of SupportB+ CoverageB Formula Quality
Folate · 400 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 40.1 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcgVitamin K · 20 mcgBoron · 1 mgSelenium · 55 mcgZinc · 11 mgVitamin C · 90 mg

A broad vitamin and mineral base supports daily nutrition, energy metabolism, and antioxidant defenses. Vitamin D, zinc, selenium, vitamin K, and active B12 give the formula clear relevance to foundational health.

Several botanical, probiotic, and antioxidant blends are lightly dosed or incompletely disclosed. The formula suits adults seeking broad coverage more than those needing targeted vitamin K2 or boron support.

Study evidence
Boron Supportive 6 studies
Selenium Supportive 70 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 115 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 34 studies
Zinc Supportive 60 studies
Immunity
Immunity
Impact
High effect
A- Goal FitB- Strength of SupportB+ CoverageC+ Formula Quality
Vitamin C · 90 mgZinc · 11 mgVitamin A · 1080 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcgSelenium · 55 mcg

Vitamins A, C, and D3 with zinc and selenium cover barrier, cellular, and antioxidant immune functions. The broad nutrient foundation is relevant to maintaining normal immunity.

Most immune actives remain at maintenance amounts rather than focused doses. Small fruit, probiotic, enzyme, and immune blends add breadth on the label without enough detail to establish meaningful effects.

Study evidence
Selenium Mixed 37 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Bone Health
Bone Health
Impact
Moderate effect
B- Goal FitC- Strength of SupportD+ CoverageC- Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 20 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcgManganese · 2.3 mgBoron · 1 mgZinc · 11 mgVitamin C · 90 mg

Vitamin D3, vitamin K1, MK-4, zinc, manganese, and boron provide a modest bone-health foundation. The combination supports mineral signaling more than it supplies the raw materials needed for bone structure.

K2 and boron are low, and the formula does not include meaningful calcium or magnesium. MK-4 is clearly named but is shorter-lived than MK-7 at the small amount provided.

Study evidence
Boron Supportive 5 studies
Manganese Adverse 12 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 202 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 78 studies
Zinc Supportive 33 studies
Anti-Aging
Anti-Aging
Impact
Moderate effect
C Goal FitC- Strength of SupportC- CoverageC- Formula Quality
Folate · 400 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 40.1 mcgVitamin K · 20 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcg

Vitamin D3, vitamin K2, antioxidant vitamins, selenium, zinc, and broad nutrient coverage offer modest support for healthy aging. Vitamin K2 as MK-4 is lightly supplied, and the formula lacks meaningful mitochondrial, NAD-related, collagen, omega-3, or glycation-focused ingredients.

Methylcobalamin and several food-bound nutrients are strengths, but multiple large blends do not disclose their components and the antioxidant complex is very small. Vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 can oppose warfarin-type blood thinners.

Study evidence
Selenium Supportive 27 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 27 studies
Zinc Supportive 10 studies
Heart Health
Heart Health
Impact
Moderate effect
C- Goal FitD Strength of SupportF CoverageC+ Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 20 mcgVitamin B12 · 40.1 mcgVitamin B6 · 3.4 mgFolate · 400 mcg DFEVitamin D · 20 mcg

Vitamin K2 provides a calcium-management link to cardiovascular health within a broad men’s multivitamin. The included MK-4 amount is low and shorter-lived than a well-dosed MK-7 source.

Clear K1 and MK-4 disclosure helps, but dry capsule delivery offers no stated lipid support. Vitamin K may oppose warfarin, so people using vitamin K antagonists need consistent medically guided intake.

Study evidence
Vitamin K Mixed 62 studies
Cardiovascular Support
Cardiovascular Support
Impact
Moderate effect
D Goal FitD+ Strength of SupportD CoverageD+ Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 20 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcgSelenium · 55 mcgVitamin B12 · 40.1 mcgVitamin B6 · 3.4 mgVitamin E · 15 mgLycopene · 250 mcgFolate · 400 mcg DFENiacin · 16 mgVitamin C · 90 mg

Vitamin K2 and B vitamins provide some support for calcium handling and homocysteine metabolism. The low MK-4 amount and lack of major lipid or vascular actives keep the heart fit modest.

The forms are clear, but the broad multivitamin design is not a focused cardiovascular formula. K1 and K2 can alter warfarin dosing, so users taking warfarin need consistent intake and prescriber guidance.

Study evidence
Vitamin K Supportive 40 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
 1080 mcg
Vitamin C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 90 mg
Vitamin D (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Vitamin D3)
 20 mcg
Vitamin E (D-Alpha-Tocopherol)
 15 mg
Vitamin K (Vitamin K1)
 120 mcg
Thiamine (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Vitamin B1)
 6.36 mg
Riboflavin (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Vitamin B2)
 3.12 mg
Niacin (Niacinamide)
 16 mg
Vitamin B6 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 3.4 mg
Folate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 400 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin)
 40.1 mcg
Biotin (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 30 mcg
Pantothenic Acid (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 10 mg
Iodine (Kelp)
 75 mcg
Zinc (Brown Rice Chelate)
 11 mg
Selenium (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 55 mcg
Manganese (Brown Rice Chelate)
 2.3 mg
Chromium (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 35 mcg
Molybdenum (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 45 mcg
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-4)
 20 mcg
Lycopene
250 mcg
Boron (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 1 mg
Vanadium (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 10 mcg
Raw Organic Fruit & Vegetable Blend
560 mg
Raw Probiotic & Enzyme Blend
40 mg
Raw Antioxidant & Immune Support Complex
10 mg
Gluten Free Men 18–50 Kosher Dairy Free
Report overview
Manganese (Brown Rice Chelate) · 2.3 mg OverallScore70
B+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

Brown rice chelate is an organic complex with useful absorption potential. The 2.3 mg elemental serving supports nutritional maintenance but is below the targeted collection range. The elemental amount is clearly disclosed, though the serving cost limits value.

View ingredientView products
Selenium (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) · 55 mcg OverallScore67
B+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityB Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

A named yeast source suggests organic food-form selenium, but its specific selenium compounds remain unclear. The 55 mcg amount offers modest daily support and leaves a wide safety margin. Its high selenium-specific cost is partly offset by additional nutrients in the broader formula.

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Boron (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) · 1 mg OverallScore39
D- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityD+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

The formula supplies a yeast-associated boron source at 1 mg per serving. The yeast-associated source does not disclose a recognized boron compound or chelation chemistry. The low dose offers limited targeted support, and the normalized boron cost is poor.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
88 Performance

Raw One For Men

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>Stronger ingredient quality and focus come from a simpler design: a compact one-capsule formula with vitamin D3, selenium, manganese, molybdenum, and broad vitamins supports men’s maintenance needs. Small botanical and enzyme blends remain vague, though they do not overwhelm the nutrient base.</p>
88 Performance

Men Over 55 One Daily

MegaFood
<p>Stronger ingredient quality and focus come from a simpler design: broad vitamins and several useful nutrient forms provide practical one-daily maintenance for older men. Yeast-bound trace minerals are less specific than named chelates, and the phenolic blend adds uncertain value.</p>
77 Performance

50 & Wiser Men

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>Stronger ingredient quality and focus come from a simpler design: wide vitamin coverage plus selenium, manganese, molybdenum, and boron supports maintenance for older men. Small specialty actives and several opaque blends add little meaningful depth.</p>
87 Budget

Raw One For Men

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>Better serving value comes with a simpler profile: a one-capsule formula with vitamin D3, selenium, manganese, molybdenum, and broad vitamins provides focused coverage for men. A zero-value enzyme entry and vague small blends create avoidable label uncertainty.</p>
91 Budget

Men Over 55 One Daily

MegaFood
<p>Better serving value comes with a simpler profile: a one-daily formula uses useful nutrient forms and balanced maintenance amounts for older men. The small phenolic blend and incomplete inactive-ingredient details leave some uncertainty.</p>
91 Budget

Women Over 55 One Daily

MegaFood
<p>Better serving value comes with a simpler profile: a one-daily formula with useful vitamin forms, manganese, and molybdenum provides efficient coverage for older women. Vitamin K is limited to K1, several major minerals are absent, and the phenolic blend is not fully detailed. The formula targets women, so its iron and other sex-specific amounts should be checked against individual needs.</p>
90 Value

Men Over 55 One Daily

MegaFood
<p>A better balance of nutrient quality, convenience, and cost comes from a simpler design: a one-daily formula combines useful nutrient forms with balanced maintenance amounts for older men. The small phenolic blend and incomplete inactive-ingredient details temper transparency.</p>
90 Value

Women Over 55 One Daily

MegaFood
<p>A better balance of nutrient quality, convenience, and cost comes from a simpler design: a one-daily formula with thoughtful vitamin forms, manganese, and molybdenum provides focused coverage for older women. Vitamin K is limited to K1, several major minerals are absent, and the small phenolic blend is opaque. The formula targets women, so its iron and other sex-specific amounts should be checked against individual needs.</p>
78 Value

50 & Wiser Women

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>A better balance of nutrient quality, convenience, and cost comes from a simpler design: broad vitamins, vitamin D3, selenium, manganese, and molybdenum support maintenance needs for older women. A four-capsule serving and opaque specialty blends still limit convenience and transparency. The formula targets women, so its iron and other sex-specific amounts should be checked against individual needs.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.
    Knapen MH; Drummen NE; Smit E; Vermeer C; Theuwissen E · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial244 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  2. Does vitamin K2 play a role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Huang ZB; Wan SL; Lu YJ; Ning L; Liu C; Fan SW · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2015
    Meta-analysis6,759 participants19 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  3. Investigating the interrelationship of vitamin K and vitamin D status on bone density: results from the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL.
    Chou SH; Booth SL; Cook NR; Kim E; Kotler G; Fu X; Buring JE; Manson JE; LeBoff MS · JBMR plus · 2026
    Randomized trial771 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  4. [Comparative study of the urinary excretion of boron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis].
    José Ramón V; Mora Mora M; Marino Alarcón O; Hernández G; Josefina Linares L; Urdaneta Romero H; Arévalo González E · Investigacion clinica · 2013
    Case-control study45 participantsBone Health forBoron
  5. Effects of boron supplementation on bone mineral density and dietary, blood, and urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and boron in female athletes.
    Meacham SL; Taper LJ; Volpe SL · Environmental health perspectives · 1995
    Randomized trial28 participantsBone Health forBoron
  6. Menaquinone-7 supplementation improves arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women. A double-blind randomised clinical trial.
    Knapen MH; Braam LA; Drummen NE; Bekers O; Hoeks AP; Vermeer C · Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2016
    Randomized trial244 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  7. The relationship between vitamin K and peripheral arterial disease.
    Vissers LET; Dalmeijer GW; Boer JMA; Verschuren WMM; van der Schouw YT; Beulens JWJ · Atherosclerosis · 2017
    Cohort study36,629 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  8. Circulating uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein, a marker of vitamin K status, as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease.
    van den Heuvel EG; van Schoor NM; Lips P; Magdeleyns EJ; Deeg DJ; Vermeer C; den Heijer M · Maturitas · 2014
    Cohort study577 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  9. Selenium Concentrations and Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from IlSIRENTE Study.
    Giovannini S; Onder G; Lattanzio F; Bustacchini S; Di Stefano G; Moresi R; Russo A; Bernabei R; Landi F · The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2019
    Cohort study347 participantsAnti-Aging forSelenium
  10. Selenium and mortality in the elderly: results from the EVA study.
    Akbaraly NT; Arnaud J; Hininger-Favier I; Gourlet V; Roussel AM; Berr C · Clinical chemistry · 2005
    Randomized trialAnti-Aging forSelenium
  11. Association of dietary selenium intake and all-cause mortality of Parkinson's disease and its interaction with blood cadmium level: a retrospective cohort study.
    Tu X; Wu N; Wan Y; Gan J; Liu Z; Song L · BMC geriatrics · 2024
    Cohort study184 participantsAnti-Aging forSelenium
  12. Selenium alleviates cadmium-induced biological aging acceleration and the potential mediating role of inflammation.
    Li C; Xiang Y; Liu M; Wang Z; Wu Y; Yang Q; Huang L · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2025
    Cross-sectional study7,433 participantsAnti-Aging forSelenium
  13. Minerals and Sarcopenia; The Role of Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Selenium, Sodium, and Zinc on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.
    van Dronkelaar C; van Velzen A; Abdelrazek M; van der Steen A; Weijs PJM; Tieland M · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2019
    Systematic review10 studies pooledAnti-Aging forSelenium
  14. Vitamin K status, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a participant-level meta-analysis of 3 US cohorts.
    Shea MK; Barger K; Booth SL; Matuszek G; Cushman M; Benjamin EJ; Kritchevsky SB; Weiner DE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis3,891 participants3 studies pooledAnti-Aging General Health forVitamin K
  15. Topical Menaquinone‑7 (Vitamin K2, MK-7) as a Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Activator for Skin Anti-Aging: Mechanistic Evidence in Skin Cells and a Randomized Split-Face/Neck Study.
    Huang H; Wei R; Xu C; Liu C; Zhao S; Li Y; Wang M · ACS omega · 2026
    Randomized trial30 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  16. Vitamin K status and cognitive function in healthy older adults.
    Presse N; Belleville S; Gaudreau P; Greenwood CE; Kergoat MJ; Morais JA; Payette H; Shatenstein B; Ferland G · Neurobiology of aging · 2014
    Cross-sectional study320 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  17. High dephospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein concentrations, a plasma biomarker of vitamin K, in relation to frailty: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.
    Machado-Fragua MD; Hoogendijk EO; Struijk EA; Rodriguez-Artalejo F; Lopez-Garcia E; Beulens JW; van Ballegooijen AJ · European journal of nutrition · 2021
    Cohort study644 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  18. Vitamin K Concentration and Cognitive Status in Elderly Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy: A Pilot Study.
    Alisi L; Cafolla C; Gentili A; Tartaglione S; Curini R; Cafolla A · Journal of aging research · 2022
    Cross-sectional study85 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  19. The Association between Dietary Nutrient Intake and Acceleration of Aging: Evidence from NHANES.
    Ma J; Li P; Jiang Y; Yang X; Luo Y; Tao L; Guo X; Gao B · Nutrients · 2024
    Cross-sectional study4,692 participantsAnti-Aging forZinc
  20. The immune system and the impact of zinc during aging.
    Haase H; Rink L · Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2010
    Narrative reviewAnti-Aging forZinc
  21. Associations between serum trace elements and biological age acceleration in the Chinese elderly: A community-based study investigating the mediating role of inflammatory markers and the moderating effect of physical activity.
    Wang Y; Zhu W; Zhang T; Liu Q; Zou M; Xie Y; Wang M; Wang TS; Pang Y; Jing T; Zhang R · Journal of hazardous materials · 2025
    Observational studyAnti-Aging forZinc
  22. Bidirectional associations of zinc supplement intake with biological ageing interacted by metabolic equivalent of task: A large-scale population-based Biobank study.
    Zhou Y; Zhou J; Li Z; Wang J; Li H; Yin X; Gao J; Wu Y; Li J; Sun YX; Li Y; Wang W; Eser PO; Assimes TL; He J; Chen G · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025
    Cross-sectional study68,947 participantsAnti-Aging forZinc
  23. Zinc, metallothioneins, longevity: effect of zinc supplementation on antioxidant response: a Zincage study.
    Mocchegiani E; Zincage Consortium · Rejuvenation research · 2008
    Narrative reviewAnti-Aging forZinc
  24. Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women.
    Nielsen FH; Hunt CD; Mullen LM; Hunt JR · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 1987
    Single-arm trial12 participantsBone Health forBoron
  25. The relationship between boron and magnesium status and bone mineral density in the human: a review.
    Volpe SL; Taper LJ; Meacham S · Magnesium research · 1994
    Narrative reviewBone Health forBoron
  26. Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations
    C D Hunt, J L Herbel, F H Nielsen · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 1997
    Non-randomized trial11 participantsBone Health forBoron
  27. Risk of Environmental Chemicals on Bone Fractures Is Independent of Low Bone Mass in US Adults: Insights from 2017 to 2018 NHANES.
    Ling R; Ai Y; Chen C; Zhang J; Zou Z; Cheng S; Li C; Li X; Wang B · Metabolites · 2023
    Cross-sectional study2,640 participantsBone Health forManganese
  28. The Manganese-Bone Connection: Investigating the Role of Manganese in Bone Health.
    Taskozhina G; Batyrova G; Umarova G; Issanguzhina Z; Kereyeva N · Journal of clinical medicine · 2024
    Narrative reviewBone Health forManganese
  29. Associations of multiple metals with bone mineral density: A population-based study in US adults.
    Wei MH; Cui Y; Zhou HL; Song WJ; Di DS; Zhang RY; Huang Q; Liu JA; Wang Q · Chemosphere · 2021
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forManganese
  30. Sex-specific associations of urinary mixed-metal concentrations with femoral bone mineral density among older people: an NHANES (2017-2020) analysis.
    Li H; Li G; Yi M; Zhou J; Deng Y; Huang Y; He S; Meng X; Liu L · Frontiers in public health · 2024
    Cross-sectional study31 participantsBone Health forManganese
  31. Relationship between blood manganese and bone mineral density and bone mineral content in adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.
    Wang C; Zhu Y; Long H; Ou M; Zhao S · PloS one · 2022
    Cross-sectional study9,732 participantsBone Health forManganese
  32. Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
    Moon RJ; D' Angelo S; Curtis EM; Ward KA; Crozier SR; Schoenmakers I; Javaid MK; Bishop NJ; Godfrey KM; Cooper C; Harvey NC; MAVIDOS Trial Group · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024
    Randomized trial454 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  33. Vitamin D analogs and bone: preclinical and clinical studies with eldecalcitol.
    Matsumoto T; Takano T; Saito H; Takahashi F · BoneKEy reports · 2014
    Narrative reviewBone Health forVitamin D
  34. Efficacy of vitamin D fortified foods on bone mineral density and serum bone biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies.
    Tangestani H; Djafarian K; Emamat H; Arabzadegan N; Shab-Bidar S · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis1,786 participants20 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin D
  35. Cholecalciferol Supplementation Attenuates Bone Loss in Incident Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prespecified Secondary Endpoint Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Tsujita M; Doi Y; Obi Y; Hamano T; Tomosugi T; Futamura K; Okada M; Hiramitsu T; Goto N; Isaka Y; Takeda A; Narumi S; Watarai Y · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2022
    Randomized trial193 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  36. Vitamin D supplementation and bone health in post-menopausal women: a 24-month randomized controlled intervention with enhanced bioavailability formulations.
    Rasool N; Munir Y · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Randomized trial612 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  37. Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Cockayne S; Adamson J; Lanham-New S; Shearer MJ; Gilbody S; Torgerson DJ · Archives of internal medicine · 2006
    Meta-analysis13 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  38. Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
    Iwamoto J; Takeda T; Ichimura S · Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association · 2001
    Randomized trial92 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  39. Efficacy and safety of vitamin K2 for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at a long-term follow-up: meta-analysis and systematic review.
    Zhou M; Han S; Zhang W; Wu D · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2022
    Meta-analysis6,853 participants9 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  40. Low-dose vitamin K2 (MK-4) supplementation for 12 months improves bone metabolism and prevents forearm bone loss in postmenopausal Japanese women.
    Koitaya N; Sekiguchi M; Tousen Y; Nishide Y; Morita A; Yamauchi J; Gando Y; Miyachi M; Aoki M; Komatsu M; Watanabe F; Morishita K; Ishimi Y · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2015
    Randomized trial48 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  41. Increased incidence of fractures in middle-aged and elderly men with low intakes of phosphorus and zinc.
    Elmståhl S; Gullberg B; Janzon L; Johnell O; Elmståhl B · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 1999
    Cohort study6,576 participantsBone Health forZinc
  42. Zinc Supplementation Increases Procollagen Type 1 Amino-Terminal Propeptide in Premenarcheal Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Berger PK; Pollock NK; Laing EM; Chertin V; Bernard PJ; Grider A; Shapses SA; Ding KH; Isales CM; Lewis RD · The Journal of nutrition · 2016
    Randomized trial147 participantsBone Health forZinc
  43. Randomized controlled trial of prenatal zinc supplementation and fetal bone growth.
    Merialdi M; Caulfield LE; Zavaleta N; Figueroa A; Costigan KA; Dominici F; Dipietro JA · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2004
    Randomized trial242 participantsBone Health forZinc
  44. The effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc, alkaline phosphatase activity and fracture healing of bones.
    Sadighi A; Roshan MM; Moradi A; Ostadrahimi A · Saudi medical journal · 2009
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forZinc
  45. Is Zinc an Important Trace Element on Bone-Related Diseases and Complications? A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review from Serum Level, Dietary Intake, and Supplementation Aspects.
    Ceylan MN; Akdas S; Yazihan N · Biological trace element research · 2021
    Meta-analysis40 studies pooledBone Health forZinc
  46. Vitamin K Intake and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Study.
    Bellinge JW; Dalgaard F; Murray K; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Lewis JR; Sim M; Croft KD; Gislason G; Torp-Pedersen C; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Hodgson JM; Schultz C; Bondonno NP · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021
    Cohort study53,372 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  47. Effects of One-Year Menaquinone-7 Supplementation on Vascular Stiffness and Blood Pressure in Post-Menopausal Women.
    de Vries F; Bittner R; Maresz K; Machuron F; Gåserød O; Jeanne JF; Schurgers LJ · Nutrients · 2025
    Randomized trial165 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  48. Dietary Vitamin K1 Intake and Incident Aortic Valve Stenosis.
    Schultz CJ; Dalgaard F; Bellinge JW; Murray K; Sim M; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Lewis JR; Gislason GH; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Hodgson JM; Bondonno NP · Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024
    Cohort study55,545 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  49. Association between vitamin K1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort.
    Palmer CR; Bellinge JW; Dalgaard F; Sim M; Murray K; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Croft KD; Gislason G; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Schultz C; Lewis JR; Hodgson JM; Bondonno NP · European journal of epidemiology · 2021
    Cohort study56,048 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  50. Effects of boron supplementation on the severity and duration of pain in primary dysmenorrhea.
    Nikkhah S; Dolatian M; Naghii MR; Zaeri F; Taheri SM · Complementary therapies in clinical practice · 2015
    Randomized trial113 participantsGeneral Health forBoron
  51. Efficacy and safety of tavaborole topical solution, 5%, a novel boron-based antifungal agent, for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis: Results from 2 randomized phase-III studies.
    Elewski BE; Aly R; Baldwin SL; González Soto RF; Rich P; Weisfeld M; Wiltz H; Zane LT; Pollak R · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2015
    Randomized trialGeneral Health forBoron
  52. The efficacy and safety of tavaborole, a novel, boron-based pharmaceutical agent: phase 2 studies conducted for the topical treatment of toenail onychomycosis.
    Toledo-Bahena ME; Bucko A; Ocampo-Candiani J; Herz-Ruelas ME; Jones TM; Jarratt MT; Pollak RA; Zane LT · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2015
    Clinical trial336 participantsGeneral Health forBoron
  53. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for glioblastoma multiforme: a phase II study evaluating a prolonged high-dose of boronophenylalanine (BPA).
    Henriksson R; Capala J; Michanek A; Lindahl SA; Salford LG; Franzén L; Blomquist E; Westlin JE; Bergenheim AT; Swedish Brain Tumour Study Group · Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2009
    Single-arm trial30 participantsGeneral Health forBoron
  54. Effects of Calcium Fructoborate on Levels of C-Reactive Protein, Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein, Triglycerides, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1: a Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study
    Otilia-Constantina Rogoveanu, George Dan Mogosanu, Cornelia Bejenaru, Ludovic Everard Bejenaru, Octavian Croitoru, Johny Neamtu, Zbigniew Pietrzkowski, Tania Reyes-Izquierdo, Andrei Bita, Iulia Daria Scorei, Romulus Ion Scorei · Biological Trace Element Research · 2015
    Randomized trial78 participantsGeneral Health forBoron
  55. Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
    Cui Z; Xie R; Lu X; Schomburg L; Brenner H; Schöttker B · Redox biology · 2025
    Meta-analysis95 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  56. Dietary Antioxidants, Circulating Antioxidant Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies.
    Jayedi A; Rashidy-Pour A; Parohan M; Zargar MS; Shab-Bidar S · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019
    Meta-analysis507,251 participants41 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  57. The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
    Sharabati I; Qafesha RM; Hindawi MD; Amro S; Ayesh BM · Clinical endocrinology · 2024
    Meta-analysis4 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  58. Associations of plasma metal concentrations with the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Chinese adults.
    Shi L; Yuan Y; Xiao Y; Long P; Li W; Yu Y; Liu Y; Liu K; Wang H; Zhou L; Yang H; Li X; He M; Wu T · Environment international · 2021
    Cohort study6,155 participantsGeneral Health forSelenium
  59. Updates on clinical studies of selenium supplementation in radiotherapy.
    Puspitasari IM; Abdulah R; Yamazaki C; Kameo S; Nakano T; Koyama H · Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2015
    Systematic review16 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  60. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.
    Bjelakovic G; Gluud LL; Nikolova D; Whitfield K; Wetterslev J; Simonetti RG; Bjelakovic M; Gluud C · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
    Meta-analysis95,286 participants159 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  61. Effect of vitamin D on gastrointestinal symptoms and health-related quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.
    Abbasnezhad A; Amani R; Hajiani E; Alavinejad P; Cheraghian B; Ghadiri A · Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2018
    Randomized trial90 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin D
  62. The impact of vitamin D administration on mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Kow CS; Ramachandram DS; Hasan SS; Wong Z; Thiruchelvam K · Inflammopharmacology · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,495 participants19 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  63. Vitamin D Status and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
    Heath AK; Kim IY; Hodge AM; English DR; Muller DC · International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Systematic review84 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  64. Meta-analysis of long-term vitamin D supplementation on overall mortality.
    Zheng Y; Zhu J; Zhou M; Cui L; Yao W; Liu Y · PloS one · 2014
    Meta-analysis42 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  65. Dietary vitamin K intake associates with reduced all-cause mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.
    Huang Y; Zhu X; Han L; Hu H · Scientific reports · 2025
    Cohort study7,857 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  66. The Effect of Topical Vitamin K1 on the Treatment of Cetuximab-Induced Skin Rashes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients.
    Roayaei M; Rezaei M; Najafizade N · Advanced biomedical research · 2024
    Randomized trial49 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  67. Effect of vitamin K on improving post‑kidney transplant outcomes: a meta‑analysis.
    Sun Z; Zhu K; Liang G; Yan F; Chao S; Jia L; Niu Y · Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023
    Meta-analysis7 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin K
  68. Vitamin K1 intake is associated with lower risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in community-dwelling older Australian women.
    Dupuy M; Radavelli-Bagatini S; Zhong L; Dalla Via J; Zhu K; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno NP; Linneberg A; Bellinge JW; Schultz C; Courtney W; Prince RL; Hodgson JM; Lewis JR; Sim M · Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2024
    Cohort study1,436 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  69. Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes in the treatment of oral mucositis and quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy.
    Mohammadi F; Oshvandi K; Kamallan SR; Khazaei S; Ranjbar H; Ahmadi-Motamayel F; Gillespie M; Jenabi E; Vafaei SY · Nursing open · 2022
    Randomized trial144 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  70. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Bhan MK; Bhandari N; Sinha A; Jalla S · The New England journal of medicine · 1995
    Randomized trial937 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  71. Associations of mortality with ocular disorders and an intervention of high-dose antioxidants and zinc in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 13.
    Clemons TE; Kurinij N; Sperduto RD; AREDS Research Group · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2004
    Randomized trial4,753 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  72. Effects of zinc and probiotic co-supplementation on inflammation, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and mood in irritable bowel syndrome patients.
    Rezazadegan M; Soheilipour M; Amani R · Scientific reports · 2026
    Randomized trial84 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  73. Effect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trial.
    Siahbazi S; Behboudi-Gandevani S; Moghaddam-Banaem L; Montazeri A · The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2018
    Randomized trial142 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  74. The effect of vitamin K1 on arterial calcification activity in subjects with diabetes mellitus: a post hoc analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bellinge JW; Francis RJ; Lee SC; Bondonno NP; Sim M; Lewis JR; Watts GF; Schultz CJ · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial149 participantsHeart Health forVitamin K
  75. Effects of selenium supplementation on selenoprotein gene expression and response to influenza vaccine challenge: a randomised controlled trial.
    Goldson AJ; Fairweather-Tait SJ; Armah CN; Bao Y; Broadley MR; Dainty JR; Furniss C; Hart DJ; Teucher B; Hurst R · PloS one · 2011
    Randomized trial119 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  76. Effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
    Janbakhsh A; Mansouri F; Vaziri S; Sayad B; Afsharian M; Rahimi M; Shahebrahimi K; Salari F · Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2013
    Randomized trial62 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  77. Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China.
    Yu SY; Li WG; Zhu YJ; Yu WP; Hou C · Biological trace element research · 1990
    Non-randomized trial20,847 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  78. Selenium nanoparticles as adjunctive therapy in sepsis: A pilot randomized clinical trial.
    Gu WJ; Huang W; Zhao FZ; Yuan XK; Jin K; Chen JL; Zhang CY; Huang Y; He L; Zhuang H; Yin HY; Chen T · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2026
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  79. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations.
    Gärtner R; Gasnier BC; Dietrich JW; Krebs B; Angstwurm MW · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2002
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  80. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusImmunity forVitamin C
  81. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
    Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  82. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
    Meta-analysisImmunity forVitamin C
  83. New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
    Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
    Randomized trial20 participantsImmunity forVitamin C
  84. Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
    Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  85. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Vlieg-Boerstra B; de Jong N; Meyer R; Agostoni C; De Cosmi V; Grimshaw K; Milani GP; Muraro A; Oude Elberink H; Pali-Schöll I; Roduit C; Sasaki M; Skypala I; Sokolowska M; van Splunter M; Untersmayr E; Venter C; O'Mahony L; Nwaru BI · Allergy · 2022
    Meta-analysis199,055 participants115 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  86. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Jalla S; Mazumdar S; Sinha A; Bhan MK · Pediatrics · 1998
    Randomized trial609 participantsImmunity forZinc
  87. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children.
    Rerksuppaphol S; Rerksuppaphol L · Pediatric reports · 2020
    Randomized trial64 participantsImmunity forZinc
  88. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population.
    Fortes C; Forastiere F; Agabiti N; Fano V; Pacifici R; Virgili F; Piras G; Guidi L; Bartoloni C; Tricerri A; Zuccaro P; Ebrahim S; Perucci CA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1998
    Randomized trial136 participantsImmunity forZinc
  89. The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.
    Vecchietti A; Strano P; Minutolo G; Grieco V; Cappuccio G; Granvillano G; Confalonieri L; Briganti GL; Raso E; Chimienti M; Pellegrini M; Mercogliano M; Spatari G; Lugli C; Urbano T; Lorenzon A · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forZinc