Product Image

Alive! Garden Goodness Women's Multivitamin

Nature's Way
4.7
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(3752 ratings)
Iodine 150 mcg
Manganese 2.3 mg
Copper 0.9 mg
Iron 9 mg
Molybdenum 45 mcg
Vitamin K 120 mcg
Product Image
Score74
A broad women’s multi with moderate iron and a substantial produce blend. Weak mineral forms and very low calcium keep it from being a refined formula.
How scoring works
Quantity:60 Tablet(s) • (30 servings)
Goals:
General Health
Immunity
Energy
Heart Health

Score 74

A broad women’s multi with moderate iron and a substantial produce blend. Weak mineral forms and very low calcium keep it from being a refined formula.
How scoring works
$13.79($0.45 per serving)
iHerb
$ 15.59
Pure Formulas
$ 13.79
Vitacost
$ 17.13
Vitacost
$ 17.13
iHerb
$ 15.59
Report prices

Analysis

The tablet supplies broad vitamins with D3, natural vitamin E, vitamin K1, 9 mg iron, iodine, zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, and molybdenum. A 1.4 g organic produce blend is more substantial than the token blends in many multis.

Ferrous fumarate, zinc oxide, sodium selenate, copper sulfate, and manganese sulfate are ordinary or less comfortable forms. Calcium is only 26 mg, and the small lutein amount does not create meaningful vision-focused depth.

It fits adult women seeking broad maintenance coverage with moderate iron and a large produce blend. People with adequate iron, constipation sensitivity, or warfarin use need to weigh the practical downsides.

Who is it for
  • Adult women who need moderate iron
  • Users seeking broad maintenance coverage
  • People interested in a substantial produce blend
Best for
  • Daily micronutrient coverage
  • Iron and iodine intake
  • General nutritional maintenance

Pros

  • Broad vitamin and mineral panel
  • Provides moderate iron
  • Includes a 1.4 g produce blend
  • Uses vitamin D3 and natural vitamin E

Cons

  • Uses several weak mineral forms
  • Calcium amount is negligible
  • B-vitamin forms are mostly standard
  • Lutein amount is very small

Warnings

  • Ferrous fumarate may cause constipation or nausea
  • Vitamin K can counteract warfarin and requires clinician-guided consistency
  • Iron is unsuitable for people with iron overload or adequate stores
  • Iodine may matter for people with thyroid disorders

Nutrient quality

73 High impact

Broad vitamin coverage and a substantial produce blend support general use. Carbonate, oxide, sulfate, and cyanocobalamin forms reduce absorption quality, while the vitamin A listing is ambiguous.

.

Ingredient transparency

67 High impact

Most vitamins and minerals have clear amounts and understandable names. The produce blend hides component doses, while missing non-active ingredients, directions, and an ambiguous vitamin A listing leave gaps.

.

Customer satisfaction

73 High impact

The aggregate rating is strong and supported by a very large feedback volume. Specific experience details are missing, so recurring problems and purpose fit remain uncertain.

.

Value for money

84 Highest impact

Broad coverage and a substantial produce blend provide good quality for the cost. Serving value is strong for a broad multivitamin.

.
Report analysis

Goals

General Health
General Health
Impact
Highest effect
A- Goal FitB Strength of SupportA- CoverageB+ Formula Quality
Folate · 400 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 4.8 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcgVitamin K · 120 mcgSelenium · 55 mcgZinc · 11 mgVitamin C · 67.5 mg

Broad vitamin and mineral coverage supports daily nutritional gaps and several foundational systems. Vitamin D3, vitamin K, zinc, iodine, and B vitamins provide established nutritional support.

Most amounts are clearly disclosed, although vitamin K is the K1 form and several minerals use basic inorganic forms. The produce blend adds variety but lacks ingredient-level amounts.

Study evidence
Vitamin K Supportive 34 studies
Zinc Supportive 60 studies
Immunity
Immunity
Impact
High effect
A- Goal FitC- Strength of SupportB CoverageC Formula Quality
Vitamin C · 67.5 mgZinc · 11 mgVitamin A · 900 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcgSelenium · 55 mcg

Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D3, zinc, selenium, and iron provide broad nutritional support for immune readiness. The formula is best viewed as daily gap coverage rather than a targeted immune intervention.

Most immune nutrients remain below the stated high-impact thresholds, and several minerals use basic forms. Iron is potentially useful for people with low stores but adds no routine immune advantage when iron status is adequate.

Study evidence
Iron Supportive 23 studies
Selenium Mixed 37 studies
Vitamin A Supportive 107 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 85 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Energy
Essential Energy Nutrients
Energy
Impact
High effect
B Goal FitC- Strength of SupportB- CoverageC+ Formula Quality
Iodine · 150 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcgVitamin B5 · 7.5 mgRiboflavin · 2.6 mgThiamin · 2.4 mgVitamin B12 · 4.8 mcgIron · 9 mg

B vitamins, iodine, vitamin D, and iron support metabolism and oxygen transport, but amounts are mainly for maintenance. Evidence supports correcting iron or vitamin deficiency, while routine extra intake does not guarantee more energy.

Iron at 9 mg and iodine support daily intake, while B12 and most B vitamins are below targeted energy ranges. Vitamin D3 and potassium iodide are favorable, while ferrous fumarate, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide, and inorganic trace minerals are basic forms.

Study evidence
Iodine Adverse 3 studies
Iron Supportive 74 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 32 studies
Heart Health
Heart Health
Impact
Moderate effect
C+ Goal FitC- Strength of SupportB- CoverageC Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 120 mcgVitamin B12 · 4.8 mcgVitamin B6 · 3.4 mgFolate · 400 mcg DFEVitamin D · 20 mcg

Folate with B6 and B12 supports homocysteine metabolism, while vitamin D3 and vitamin K add a second relevant pathway. The formula covers several cardiovascular needs but uses vitamin K1 and cyanocobalamin rather than more targeted forms.

Useful folate disclosure supports dose assessment, though many minerals use basic forms. The broad plant blend is lightly dosed and adds little clear cardiovascular value.

Study evidence
Folate Supportive 116 studies
Vitamin K Mixed 62 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Calories
10 Calorie(s)
Total Carbohydrate
2 Gram(s)
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene, Retinyl Acetate)
 900 mcg
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
 67.5 mg
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
 20 mcg
Vitamin E (D-Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate)
 15 mg
Vitamin K (Phytonadione)
 120 mcg
Thiamine (Thiamine Mononitrate)
 2.4 mg
Riboflavin
2.6 mg
Niacin (Niacinamide)
 16 mg
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)
 3.4 mg
Folate
400 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
 4.8 mcg
Biotin
30 mcg
Pantothenic Acid (D-Calcium Pantothenate)
 7.5 mg
Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)
 26 mg
Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)
 9 mg
Iodine (Potassium Iodide)
 150 mcg
Zinc (Zinc Oxide)
 11 mg
Selenium (Sodium Selenate)
 55 mcg
Copper (Copper Sulfate)
 0.9 mg
Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)
 2.3 mg
Molybdenum (Sodium Molybdate)
 45 mcg
Organic Veggie & Fruit Blend
1.4 Gram(s)
Lutein (Aztec Marigold Flower Extract)
 100 mcg
Gluten Free Dairy Free Women Organic Women 18–50
Report overview
Iodine (Potassium Iodide) · 150 mcg OverallScore95
A+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyB+ Value

Potassium iodide provides a stable, water-soluble iodine source without marine contamination concerns. The clearly stated daily amount matches routine maintenance and remains comfortably below the upper intake limit. A favorable serving cost provides good value within the broader multivitamin formula.

View ingredientView products
Manganese (Manganese Sulfate) · 2.3 mg OverallScore66
D- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyB+ Value

The women's multivitamin delivers maintenance-level manganese in a basic sulfate form. The elemental amount is suitable for daily maintenance but modest for targeted bone or joint support. The economical serving cost supports strong manganese-specific value.

View ingredientView products
Copper (Copper Sulfate) · 0.9 mg OverallScore65
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyB+ Value
Copper sulfate is an inorganic salt with relatively weak absorption quality. 0.9 mg meets the daily allowance but remains below the collection median. The zinc-to-copper ratio of about 12.2:1 falls within the preferred balance range. Per-serving cost is close enough to the collection median for good value.
View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
80 Performance

Baby & Me 2 Postnatal Multi

MegaFood
<p>Methylfolate, methylcobalamin, active riboflavin, chelated minerals, choline, iron, and vitamin D3 provide markedly stronger forms and broader women-focused coverage. The postnatal dosing is specialized and choline remains below lactation needs, so life-stage fit still matters.</p>
75 Performance

TruMulti Women's Formula

PEScience
<p>Vitamin D3, MK-7, natural vitamin E, chelated iron, and a meaningful ashwagandha extract improve ingredient quality and women-focused depth. Duplicate vitamin E entries and several basic forms reduce precision, while ashwagandha may not suit thyroid-sensitive users.</p>
71 Performance

Raw Prenatal

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>Folate, iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin D3, and MK-7 provide a well-developed nutrient base with better vitamin K and B-vitamin forms. Prenatal dosing is inappropriate for adults without those needs, and opaque produce and digestive blends weaken transparency.</p>
78 Budget

Women's One Daily

INNATE Response Formulas
<p>Chelated minerals and broad vitamin coverage provide capable general nutrition at a much lower serving cost. Older folate and vitamin B12 forms plus an unquantified herb blend reduce refinement, but the value advantage is substantial.</p>
75 Budget

Alive! Women's Energy Complete Multivitamin

Nature's Way
<p>Broad vitamins and minerals cover common daily needs at a lower serving cost. Several minerals use basic forms and the produce blend is small, but the formula retains women-focused nutrient coverage.</p>
78 Budget

Multi with Iron Century Formula

Swanson
<p>A broad vitamin and mineral profile covers common gaps at a much lower serving cost. Several forms are basic and the high routine iron amount fits people with a demonstrated need better than those who do not need supplemental iron.</p>
74 Value

Raw One for Women

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>Useful nutrient forms and broad vitamin coverage support general daily nutrition at a lower serving cost. Minerals are modest and specialty blends are tiny, but the formula offers favorable practical value without the original’s duplicate nutrient entries.</p>
73 Value

Children's Chewable Complete Multivitamin

Equate
<p>Broad vitamins and minerals with clearly stated amounts come at a very low serving cost. Children’s dosing and substantial iron limit interchangeability, so it is a value option only for the intended age group.</p>
81 Value

Sentry Women

21st Century
<p>Iron, folate, vitamin C, and B vitamins provide useful women’s nutrition at a much lower serving cost. Basic mineral forms and competition between iron, calcium, and zinc reduce absorption quality, but the economical coverage is strong.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. The Manganese-Bone Connection: Investigating the Role of Manganese in Bone Health.
    Taskozhina G; Batyrova G; Umarova G; Issanguzhina Z; Kereyeva N · Journal of clinical medicine · 2024
    Narrative reviewBone Health forManganese
  2. Associations of multiple metals with bone mineral density: A population-based study in US adults.
    Wei MH; Cui Y; Zhou HL; Song WJ; Di DS; Zhang RY; Huang Q; Liu JA; Wang Q · Chemosphere · 2021
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forManganese
  3. Relationship between blood manganese and bone mineral density and bone mineral content in adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.
    Wang C; Zhu Y; Long H; Ou M; Zhao S · PloS one · 2022
    Cross-sectional study9,732 participantsBone Health forManganese
  4. Correlation between bone mineral density and serum trace element contents of elderly males in Beijing urban area.
    Wang L; Yu H; Yang G; Zhang Y; Wang W; Su T; Ma W; Yang F; Chen L; He L; Ma Y; Zhang Y · International journal of clinical and experimental medicine · 2016
    Cross-sectional study91 participantsBone Health forManganese
  5. The Role of Sex Steroid Hormones in the Association Between Manganese Exposure and Bone Mineral Density: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018.
    Zhao X; Li J; Yu J; Shi Y; Tang M · Toxics · 2025
    Cross-sectional study8,617 participantsBone Health forManganese
  6. Association of radioactive iodine treatment with survivorship symptoms and primary care utilisation in women of reproductive age with thyroid cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
    Devanarayan P; Hartman M; Partin M · Family medicine and community health · 2026
    Cohort study10,882 participantsEnergy forIodine
  7. Energy level and fatigue after surgery for thyroid cancer: A population-based study of patient-reported outcomes.
    Hughes DT; Reyes-Gastelum D; Kovatch KJ; Hamilton AS; Ward KC; Haymart MR · Surgery · 2020
    Cohort study2,584 participantsEnergy forIodine
  8. Health-Related Quality of Life in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study From Turkey.
    Gültekin A; Kahraman MY; Şengöz T; Şimşek FS · Head & neck · 2026
    Cross-sectional study202 participantsEnergy forIodine
  9. Large-dose intravenous ferric carboxymaltose injection for iron deficiency anemia in heavy uterine bleeding: a randomized, controlled trial.
    Van Wyck DB; Mangione A; Morrison J; Hadley PE; Jehle JA; Goodnough LT · Transfusion · 2010
    Randomized trial477 participantsEnergy forIron
  10. The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in Iron-Deficient Blood Donors: A Secondary Analysis of the IronWoMan RCT.
    Macher S; Herster C; Holter M; Moritz M; Matzhold EM; Stojakovic T; Pieber TR; Schlenke P; Drexler C; Amrein K · Nutrients · 2021
    Randomized trial176 participantsEnergy forIron
  11. Ferric carboxymaltose vs. oral iron in the treatment of pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia: an international, open-label, randomized controlled trial (FER-ASAP).
    Breymann C; Milman N; Mezzacasa A; Bernard R; Dudenhausen J; FER-ASAP investigators · Journal of perinatal medicine · 2018
    Randomized trial252 participantsEnergy forIron
  12. Effect of iron therapy on fatigue symptoms in non-anaemic iron deficient women of reproductive age- A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Sultana N; Bajwa FA; Sikandar MZ; Haider MM; Majeed T · JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association · 2026
    Randomized trial164 participantsEnergy forIron
  13. Intravenous iron isomaltoside treatment of women suffering from severe fatigue after postpartum hemorrhage.
    Holm C; Thomsen LL; Langhoff-Roos J · The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2019
    Randomized trial85 participantsEnergy forIron
  14. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    López-Muñoz P; Torres-Costoso AI; Fernández-Rodríguez R; Guzmán-Pavón MJ; de Arenas-Arroyo SN; Basco-López JÁ; Reina-Gutiérrez S · Nutrients · 2023
    Meta-analysis345 participants5 studies pooledEnergy forVitamin D
  15. Vitamin D Supplementation in Adolescents and Young Adults With Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Improvement in Disease Activity and Fatigue Scores: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Lima GL; Paupitz J; Aikawa NE; Takayama L; Bonfa E; Pereira RM · Arthritis care & research · 2016
    Randomized trial40 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  16. Vitamin D in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After COVID-19 or Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Kodama S; Nakata M; Konishi N; Yoshino M; Fujisawa A; Naganuma M; Kobayashi Y; Hirai Y; Kitagawa A; Miyokawa M; Mishima R; Teramukai S; Fukushima M · Nutrients · 2026
    Randomized trial91 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  17. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on disease activity and fatigue in Libyan rheumatoid arthritis patients.
    Elfituri S · Reumatologia · 2024
    Randomized trial68 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  18. The effect of home-based aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis during COVID-19 outbreak.
    Bahmani E; Hoseini R; Amiri E · Science & sports · 2022
    Randomized trial40 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  19. Dietary vitamin K intake associates with reduced all-cause mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.
    Huang Y; Zhu X; Han L; Hu H · Scientific reports · 2025
    Cohort study7,857 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  20. Vitamin K status, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a participant-level meta-analysis of 3 US cohorts.
    Shea MK; Barger K; Booth SL; Matuszek G; Cushman M; Benjamin EJ; Kritchevsky SB; Weiner DE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis3,891 participants3 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin K
  21. The Effect of Topical Vitamin K1 on the Treatment of Cetuximab-Induced Skin Rashes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients.
    Roayaei M; Rezaei M; Najafizade N · Advanced biomedical research · 2024
    Randomized trial49 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  22. Effect of vitamin K on improving post‑kidney transplant outcomes: a meta‑analysis.
    Sun Z; Zhu K; Liang G; Yan F; Chao S; Jia L; Niu Y · Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023
    Meta-analysis7 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin K
  23. Vitamin K1 intake is associated with lower risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in community-dwelling older Australian women.
    Dupuy M; Radavelli-Bagatini S; Zhong L; Dalla Via J; Zhu K; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno NP; Linneberg A; Bellinge JW; Schultz C; Courtney W; Prince RL; Hodgson JM; Lewis JR; Sim M · Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2024
    Cohort study1,436 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  24. Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes in the treatment of oral mucositis and quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy.
    Mohammadi F; Oshvandi K; Kamallan SR; Khazaei S; Ranjbar H; Ahmadi-Motamayel F; Gillespie M; Jenabi E; Vafaei SY · Nursing open · 2022
    Randomized trial144 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  25. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Bhan MK; Bhandari N; Sinha A; Jalla S · The New England journal of medicine · 1995
    Randomized trial937 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  26. Associations of mortality with ocular disorders and an intervention of high-dose antioxidants and zinc in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 13.
    Clemons TE; Kurinij N; Sperduto RD; AREDS Research Group · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2004
    Randomized trial4,753 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  27. Effects of zinc and probiotic co-supplementation on inflammation, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and mood in irritable bowel syndrome patients.
    Rezazadegan M; Soheilipour M; Amani R · Scientific reports · 2026
    Randomized trial84 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  28. Effect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trial.
    Siahbazi S; Behboudi-Gandevani S; Moghaddam-Banaem L; Montazeri A · The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2018
    Randomized trial142 participantsGeneral Health forZinc
  29. Folic Acid Therapy Reduces the First Stroke Risk Associated With Hypercholesterolemia Among Hypertensive Patients.
    Qin X; Li J; Spence JD; Zhang Y; Li Y; Wang X; Wang B; Sun N; Chen F; Guo J; Yin D; Sun L; Tang G; He M; Fu J; Cai Y; Shi X; Ye P; Chen H; Zhao S; Chen M; Gao C; Kong X; Hou FF; Huang Y; Huo Y · Stroke · 2017
    Randomized trial20,702 participantsHeart Health forFolate
  30. Periconception Red Blood Cell Folate and Offspring Congenital Heart Disease : Nested Case-Control and Mendelian Randomization Studies.
    Chen H; Zhang Y; Wang D; Chen X; Li M; Huang X; Jiang Y; Dou Y; Wang Y; Ma X; Sheng W; Jia B; Yan W; Huang G; SPCC (Shanghai Preconception Cohort) Group · Annals of internal medicine · 2022
    Case-control study985 participantsHeart Health forFolate
  31. Intake of vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 and risk of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
    Jayedi A; Zargar MS · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis369,746 participants11 studies pooledHeart Health forFolate
  32. Folate Biomarkers, Folate Intake, and Risk of Death From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
    Fallah M; Karim Dehnavi M; Lotfi K; Aminianfar A; Azadbakht L; Esmaillzadeh A · Nutrition reviews · 2025
    Meta-analysis423,304 participants25 studies pooledHeart Health forFolate
  33. The association between folic acid supplementation and congenital heart defects: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Wondemagegn AT; Afework M · SAGE open medicine · 2022
    Meta-analysis37 studies pooledHeart Health forFolate
  34. Vitamin K Intake and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Study.
    Bellinge JW; Dalgaard F; Murray K; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Lewis JR; Sim M; Croft KD; Gislason G; Torp-Pedersen C; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Hodgson JM; Schultz C; Bondonno NP · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021
    Cohort study53,372 participantsHeart Health forVitamin K
  35. Menaquinone-7 supplementation improves arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women. A double-blind randomised clinical trial.
    Knapen MH; Braam LA; Drummen NE; Bekers O; Hoeks AP; Vermeer C · Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2016
    Randomized trial244 participantsHeart Health forVitamin K
  36. The effect of vitamin K1 on arterial calcification activity in subjects with diabetes mellitus: a post hoc analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bellinge JW; Francis RJ; Lee SC; Bondonno NP; Sim M; Lewis JR; Watts GF; Schultz CJ · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial149 participantsHeart Health forVitamin K
  37. Dietary Vitamin K1 Intake and Incident Aortic Valve Stenosis.
    Schultz CJ; Dalgaard F; Bellinge JW; Murray K; Sim M; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Lewis JR; Gislason GH; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Hodgson JM; Bondonno NP · Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024
    Cohort study55,545 participantsHeart Health forVitamin K
  38. Association between vitamin K1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort.
    Palmer CR; Bellinge JW; Dalgaard F; Sim M; Murray K; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Croft KD; Gislason G; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Schultz C; Lewis JR; Hodgson JM; Bondonno NP · European journal of epidemiology · 2021
    Cohort study56,048 participantsHeart Health forVitamin K
  39. The immune response in iron-deficient children: Impaired cellular defense mechanisms with altered humoral components.
    Macdougall LG; Anderson R; McNab GM; Katz J · The Journal of pediatrics · 1975
    Single-arm trial27 participantsImmunity forIron
  40. The role of iron homeostasis in remodeling immune function and regulating inflammatory disease.
    Mu Q; Chen L; Gao X; Shen S; Sheng W; Min J; Wang F · Science bulletin · 2023
    Narrative reviewImmunity forIron
  41. Hepcidin--a peptide hormone at the interface of innate immunity and iron metabolism.
    Ganz T · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2006
    Narrative reviewImmunity forIron
  42. Adaptive immunity and vaccination - iron in the spotlight.
    Preston AE; Drakesmith H; Frost JN · Immunotherapy advances · 2025
    Narrative reviewImmunity forIron
  43. Buried Treasure: Evolutionary Perspectives on Microbial Iron Piracy.
    Barber MF; Elde NC · Trends in genetics : TIG · 2016
    Narrative reviewImmunity forIron
  44. Effects of selenium supplementation on selenoprotein gene expression and response to influenza vaccine challenge: a randomised controlled trial.
    Goldson AJ; Fairweather-Tait SJ; Armah CN; Bao Y; Broadley MR; Dainty JR; Furniss C; Hart DJ; Teucher B; Hurst R · PloS one · 2011
    Randomized trial119 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  45. Effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
    Janbakhsh A; Mansouri F; Vaziri S; Sayad B; Afsharian M; Rahimi M; Shahebrahimi K; Salari F · Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2013
    Randomized trial62 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  46. Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China.
    Yu SY; Li WG; Zhu YJ; Yu WP; Hou C · Biological trace element research · 1990
    Non-randomized trial20,847 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  47. Selenium nanoparticles as adjunctive therapy in sepsis: A pilot randomized clinical trial.
    Gu WJ; Huang W; Zhao FZ; Yuan XK; Jin K; Chen JL; Zhang CY; Huang Y; He L; Zhuang H; Yin HY; Chen T · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2026
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  48. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations.
    Gärtner R; Gasnier BC; Dietrich JW; Krebs B; Angstwurm MW · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2002
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  49. Depressed immune response to tetanus in children with vitamin A deficiency.
    Semba RD; Muhilal; Scott AL; Natadisastra G; Wirasasmita S; Mele L; Ridwan E; West KP; Sommer A · The Journal of nutrition · 1992
    Randomized trial236 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  50. Impact of a single megadose of vitamin A at delivery on breastmilk of mothers and morbidity of their infants.
    Roy SK; Islam A; Molla A; Akramuzzaman SM; Jahan F; Fuchs G · European journal of clinical nutrition · 1997
    Randomized trial50 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  51. Vitamin A supplementation reduces measles morbidity in young African children: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
    Coutsoudis A; Broughton M; Coovadia HM · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1991
    Randomized trial60 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  52. Vitamin A supplementation enhances specific IgG antibody levels and total lymphocyte numbers while improving morbidity in measles.
    Coutsoudis A; Kiepiela P; Coovadia HM; Broughton M · The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 1992
    Randomized trial60 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  53. Vitamin A supplementation reduces the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 intestinal immune response of Mexican children.
    Long KZ; Santos JI; Estrada Garcia T; Haas M; Firestone M; Bhagwat J; Dupont HL; Hertzmark E; Rosado JL; Nanthakumar NN · The Journal of nutrition · 2006
    Randomized trial127 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  54. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusImmunity forVitamin C
  55. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
    Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  56. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
    Meta-analysisImmunity forVitamin C
  57. New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
    Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
    Randomized trial20 participantsImmunity forVitamin C
  58. Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
    Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  59. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis.
    Martineau AR; Jolliffe DA; Greenberg L; Aloia JF; Bergman P; Dubnov-Raz G; Esposito S; Ganmaa D; Ginde AA; Goodall EC; Grant CC; Janssens W; Jensen ME; Kerley CP; Laaksi I; Manaseki-Holland S; Mauger D; Murdoch DR; Neale R; Rees JR; Simpson S; Stelmach I; Trilok Kumar G; Urashima M; Camargo CA; Griffiths CJ; Hooper RL · Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020
    Meta-analysis11,321 participants25 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  60. Association Between Vitamin D and Influenza: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Zhu Z; Zhu X; Gu L; Zhan Y; Chen L; Li X · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Meta-analysis4,859 participants10 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  61. Vitamin D3 and deconvoluting a rash.
    Ernst MK; Evans ST; Techner JM; Rothbaum RM; Christensen LF; Onay UV; Biyashev D; Demczuk MM; Nguyen CV; Honda KS; McCormick TS; Tsoi LC; Gudjonsson JE; Cooper KD; Lu KQ · JCI insight · 2023
    Randomized trial28 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  62. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
    Bychinin MV; Klypa TV; Mandel IA; Yusubalieva GM; Baklaushev VP; Kolyshkina NA; Troitsky AV · Scientific reports · 2022
    Randomized trial110 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  63. Current opinion on the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory infections and asthma/COPD exacerbations: A need to establish publication guidelines for overcoming the unpublished data.
    Anitua E; Tierno R; Alkhraisat MH · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022
    Meta-analysis50,554 participants65 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  64. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Vlieg-Boerstra B; de Jong N; Meyer R; Agostoni C; De Cosmi V; Grimshaw K; Milani GP; Muraro A; Oude Elberink H; Pali-Schöll I; Roduit C; Sasaki M; Skypala I; Sokolowska M; van Splunter M; Untersmayr E; Venter C; O'Mahony L; Nwaru BI · Allergy · 2022
    Meta-analysis199,055 participants115 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  65. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Jalla S; Mazumdar S; Sinha A; Bhan MK · Pediatrics · 1998
    Randomized trial609 participantsImmunity forZinc
  66. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children.
    Rerksuppaphol S; Rerksuppaphol L · Pediatric reports · 2020
    Randomized trial64 participantsImmunity forZinc
  67. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population.
    Fortes C; Forastiere F; Agabiti N; Fano V; Pacifici R; Virgili F; Piras G; Guidi L; Bartoloni C; Tricerri A; Zuccaro P; Ebrahim S; Perucci CA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1998
    Randomized trial136 participantsImmunity forZinc
  68. The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.
    Vecchietti A; Strano P; Minutolo G; Grieco V; Cappuccio G; Granvillano G; Confalonieri L; Briganti GL; Raso E; Chimienti M; Pellegrini M; Mercogliano M; Spatari G; Lugli C; Urbano T; Lorenzon A · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forZinc