PABA
non-nutrient_non-botanicalPABA, or para-aminobenzoic acid, is a chemical compound found within the B-vitamin complex, though it is not classified as an essential vitamin for humans. It serves as a precursor in the synthesis of folate by certain bacteria, making it an important component for their growth. In the human body, PABA is involved in protein metabolism and plays a minor role in red blood cell formation, contributing to overall cellular and metabolic health. Historically, PABA was widely used in topical sunscreens for its ability to absorb ultraviolet B (UVB) rays, though its use has decreased in favor of newer, less sensitizing ingredients. Orally, it has been explored for potential applications such as supporting hair pigmentation and addressing conditions such as vitiligo and premature graying. Other investigated uses include Peyronie’s disease and scleroderma. As a non-nutrient, PABA does not have a recommended daily allowance. Its primary biochemical significance lies in its relationship with folate metabolism and its historical applications. While research on its efficacy for many internal uses is limited, it remains available as a supplement, often included in B-complex formulations to support general wellness.
Natural sources
Whole grainsEggsMilkLiverKidneyBrewer's yeastMolasses
No public comparison lists found.
Optimal Dosage
Minimum100 mg
Maximum400 mg
Safety & Toxicity
Toxicity Threshold8000 mg
Toxicity EffectSkin rash, liver toxicity (rare)
5 safety notes
- Individuals with a sulfa drug allergy should avoid PABA as it can interfere with their action.
- High doses should be avoided in individuals with kidney disease.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare professional before use.
- Discontinue use and consult a doctor if signs of liver damage (e.g., dark urine, yellowing of skin or eyes) occur.
- May interact with certain medications; consult a healthcare professional before use.
Studies
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Interactions
Positive Interactions
Folate
PABA is a metabolic precursor used by bacteria to synthesize folate, indicating a biochemical relationship that supports the overall B-vitamin complex.
Thiamin
PABA is often considered part of the B-complex, and may work synergistically with other B vitamins like Thiamin to support general metabolic health.
Riboflavin
PABA is often considered part of the B-complex, and may work synergistically with other B vitamins like Riboflavin to support general metabolic health.
Niacin
PABA is often considered part of the B-complex, and may work synergistically with other B vitamins like Niacin to support general metabolic health.
Vitamin B5
PABA is often considered part of the B-complex, and may work synergistically with other B vitamins like Vitamin B5 to support general metabolic health.
Vitamin B6
PABA is often considered part of the B-complex, and may work synergistically with other B vitamins like Vitamin B6 to support general metabolic health.
Vitamin B12
PABA is often considered part of the B-complex, and may work synergistically with other B vitamins like Vitamin B12 to support general metabolic health.
Biotin
PABA is often considered part of the B-complex, and may work synergistically with other B vitamins like Biotin to support general metabolic health.
Choline
PABA is often considered part of the B-complex, and may work synergistically with other B vitamins like Choline to support general metabolic health.
Recommended products
PABA 500 mg
NOW
PABA: 500 mg
A simple, strong PABA capsule offers clear dosing and good practicality, with ordinary release and a sulfonamide interaction as the key trade-offs.
PABA 100 mg
Source Naturals
PABA: 100 mg
A simple, moderate PABA tablet offers clear dosing and strong practicality without unnecessary active additions.
PABA 500 mg
Swanson Premium Brand
PABA: 500 mg
A long-supply, single-active PABA capsule is clear and practical, though it lacks sustained release or other delivery enhancements.
PABA 100 mg
Source Naturals
PABA: 100 mg
A very long-supply PABA tablet is simple and clearly dosed, with few formulation details beyond the core active.
PABA 1000 mg Sustained Release
NaturesPlus
PABA: 1000 mg
Sustained release improves a clearly labeled high-dose PABA tablet, but the amount requires deliberate use and strict attention to sulfonamide medicines.
Complete B 100 mg
Natural Factors
PABA: 100 mg
Best suited to general health, with the clearest benefits coming from the disclosed active ingredients. Complete B-vitamin coverage fits energy metabolism well, but basic forms and very high B6, niacin, and related doses are unnecessarily aggressive.
B 100 Complex
Thompson
PABA: 100 mg
Best suited to heart health, with the clearest benefits coming from the disclosed active ingredients. The full B-vitamin range strongly supports energy metabolism, but basic forms and very high B6, niacin, and several other doses make it poorly balanced for routine use.
Balance B-50 Complex Comprehensive Formula
Swanson
PABA: 50 mg
Strong value and broad B-vitamin coverage make this a practical basic complex. Conventional forms and the unusually low listed B6 amount are notable compromises.
Balance B-50 Complex
Swanson
PABA: 50 mg
A simple one-capsule B complex offers broad coverage at good value. Basic forms and the anomalously low B6 listing limit confidence.
B-50
NOW
PABA: 50 mg
Complete and economical B-vitamin coverage is offset by conventional forms and a 50 mg vitamin B6 dose that is too aggressive for routine long-term use.
B-50
NOW
PABA: 25 mg
Complete and economical B-vitamin coverage is offset by conventional forms and a 50 mg vitamin B6 dose that is too aggressive for routine long-term use.
B-50
NOW
PABA: 50 mg
Complete and economical B-vitamin coverage is offset by conventional forms and a 50 mg vitamin B6 dose that is too aggressive for routine long-term use.
Hi Potency B Complex
Natural Factors
PABA: 50 mg
Complete and economical B-vitamin coverage is offset by conventional forms and a 50 mg vitamin B6 dose that is too aggressive for routine long-term use.
B-50
NOW
PABA: 25 mg
Complete and economical B-vitamin coverage is offset by conventional forms and a 50 mg vitamin B6 dose that is too aggressive for routine long-term use.
Super Stress B-Complex with Vitamin C
Swanson
PABA: 25 mg
Broad coverage, vitamin C, and a long supply are practical, though basic forms and a relatively high B6 dose temper the appeal.
B-Complex 125
The Vitamin Shoppe
PABA: 125 mg
A transparent high-potency B-complex includes a meaningful PABA serving, but the very high B6 load makes routine long-term use a concern.