Choline Cocktail

Choline Cocktail

Twinlab4.4 (31 ratings)
Format:Liquid Quantity: 13 Liquid(s) · 9 servings
Goals
$26.39 $2.93 per serving

Product analysis

47 out of 100

Choline Cocktail supplies B vitamins that support normal energy processes and nutrient needs relevant to attention. Its guarana preparation and caffeine exposure are unclear, making an alertness effect difficult to judge.

AI assessment of the formula, label and price. How scoring works

Nutrient Quality34

Natural vitamin E is a favorable part of the mix. Several other preparations are unspecified or insufficiently characterized, limiting a comparison of the full formula.

Ingredient Transparency67

The listed amounts are disclosed, but many forms remain unspecified. The ginkgo mixture also lacks component proportions, making its preparation harder to compare.

Value For Money37

DMAE and carnitine are particularly costly for their amounts, with vitamin A and E also offering limited value. Unresolved comparisons for most other ingredients prevent a firm judgment of the entire mix.

Customer Satisfaction65

Customer ratings are generally positive. The small number of responses gives a limited picture of satisfaction.

Product Focus45

The clearest supported role is nutritional support when low intake affects energy or attention. The broad mixture and uncertain guarana preparation make an additional immediate cognitive effect hard to assess.

Format
Liquid
Container
13 Liquid(s)
Per serving
$2.93
Customer rating
4.4 · 31 ratings
Report analysis

Goals

Impact
High effect
B- Ingredient FitD- PathwaysB+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Vitamin B5 · 100 mgRiboflavin · 1.9 mgThiamin · 1.5 mgVitamin B12 · 1000 mcgCoenzyme Q-10 · 15 mg

B vitamins and vitamin C support normal energy metabolism, with fatigue benefits mainly tied to correcting low intake or deficiency. Guarana is present, but its unstandardized amount cannot establish the alertness effects found with a particular studied extract or its caffeine content. Caffeine remains unresolved despite a stored label claim, and the small CoQ10 amount has no counted contribution.

How this product is rated for Energy

Ingredient fit73

The relevant connection comes from Guarana, Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B1 (Thiamin), Vitamin B5, Vitamin B12, Folate, Vitamin B6, Niacin, Vitamin C. The amounts offer different levels of support in the saved findings.
Goal fit
Relevant energy ingredients appear alongside ingredients aimed at other purposes, so the formulation has a broader focus.
Dose adequacy
The counted nutrient and guarana amounts support the saved findings, while unresolved caffeine and low-dose CoQ10 add no counted amount support.

Pathways45

The saved findings concentrate on alertness, without established coverage of the other energy pathways.
Depth
Alertness is the best-represented pathway in the saved findings.
Breadth
Only one configured pathway reaches the saved coverage requirement; the formulation does not span the other energy pathways.

Evidence81

The strongest included evidence contribution comes from Vitamin B12. Studied-preparation matching does not remove the ingredient-specific limits on fatigue benefits.
Evidence strength
Vitamin B12 provides the strongest included evidence contribution; its population and deficiency limitations still determine the benefit that can be expected.
Studied preparation
The included amounts meet the saved studied-preparation check, without establishing that the finished product itself was tested.

Formulation logic100

The included ingredients meet the saved minimum amount requirement without a missing required partner or matched conflict.
Partner coverage
The included ingredients do not lack a required partner in the saved findings; this does not imply an added combination benefit.
Conflicts
No configured ingredient conflict was matched in the supplied facts.
Effective doses
All counted ingredients meet the saved minimum amount requirement; this is distinct from a proven effective fatigue-treatment dose.
Study evidence
Guarana No effect 8 studies
Thiamin Disputed 12 studies
Impact
Highest effect
C+ Ingredient FitB+ PathwaysA+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Choline · 1500 mgThiamin · 1.5 mgVitamin B6 · 2 mgFolate · 400 mcgVitamin B12 · 1000 mcg

B12, thiamin, niacin and folate help maintain memory and attention when intake is low; larger amounts do not establish extra benefit with adequate nutrition. Choline and DMAE are proposed acetylcholine precursors, but routine memory improvement is not established. Ginkgo has only preliminary attention findings, and this extract is not identified as the studied material. Guarana receives a saved contribution, but its mass does not establish caffeine exposure; the separate caffeine declaration remains unresolved.

How this product is rated for Cognitive Support

Ingredient fit69

Several nutrients and cognitive ingredients contribute, alongside many ingredients aimed elsewhere. Amounts receive mixed recognition, with unresolved caffeine excluded.
Goal fit
The formula contains several relevant ingredients, but its many other actives and broader purposes reduce its cognitive focus.
Dose adequacy
Declared amounts provide substantial but uneven exposure; the unresolved caffeine amount cannot contribute.

Pathways80

The saved findings emphasize acetylcholine signalling and alertness, with a smaller blood-flow contribution. These mechanisms do not establish broad memory improvement.
Depth
Acetylcholine signalling receives the strongest saved coverage, though generic choline and DMAE have limited cognitive outcome evidence.
Breadth
Acetylcholine signalling and alertness meet the coverage threshold; blood flow remains less represented.

Evidence98

B6 drives the strongest saved evidence finding, although normal neurotransmitter function does not establish extra cognitive benefit. Ginkgo lacks a verified studied preparation.
Evidence strength
B6 leads the saved evidence finding; its normal nutrient role does not prove cognitive enhancement with adequate intake.
Studied preparation
Most recognized preparations match the saved comparison, but the ginkgo extract cannot inherit the specific trial material's findings.

Formulation logic100

The recognized ingredients meet the saved amount threshold without a missing partner. No listed conflict was applied, although caffeine exposure remains unresolved.
Partner coverage
No credited ingredient is missing a required partner.
Conflicts
No listed conflict was applied; unknown caffeine exposure prevents checking the caffeine amount triggers.
Effective doses
All nine credited ingredients reach the saved minimum exposure threshold, which does not itself establish benefit.
Study evidence
Choline Supportive 76 studies
Deanol No effect 2 studies
Folate Supportive 68 studies
Ginkgo Supportive 87 studies
Guarana Supportive 11 studies
Thiamin Supportive 30 studies
Vitamin B6 Supportive 17 studies
Skin Health
Impact
Moderate effect
C- Ingredient FitF PathwaysA+ EvidenceA Formulation Logic
Vitamin C · 1000 mgVitamin E · 400 IU

Vitamin C supports normal collagen formation, while riboflavin and vitamin B6 help maintain normal skin nutrition. Pantothenic acid participates in making skin barrier lipids, although its presence does not establish improved hydration in healthy adults.

How this product is rated for Skin Health

Ingredient fit58

The saved assessment identifies 6 skin-relevant ingredients alongside ingredients serving other goals. Amounts provide partial support in the saved assessment; low or unresolved quantities limit the contribution.
Goal fit
The saved assessment identifies 6 skin-relevant ingredients alongside ingredients serving other goals.
Dose adequacy
Amounts provide partial support in the saved assessment; low or unresolved quantities limit the contribution.

Pathways18

The strongest saved connection is skin barrier lipids, with a partial contribution. The saved findings do not show broad coverage across the main skin mechanisms.
Depth
The strongest saved connection is skin barrier lipids, with a partial contribution.
Breadth
The saved findings do not show broad coverage across the main skin mechanisms.

Evidence100

Vitamin C provides the strongest evidence connection in the saved assessment; normal nutrient roles and specific trial outcomes remain distinct. The saved assessment recognizes 4 ingredients with amounts and preparations matching its comparison criteria.
Evidence strength
Vitamin C provides the strongest evidence connection in the saved assessment; normal nutrient roles and specific trial outcomes remain distinct.
Studied preparation
The saved assessment recognizes 4 ingredients with amounts and preparations matching its comparison criteria.

Formulation logic92

The assessed ingredients can contribute independently or have their required partner present. No ingredient conflict was identified in the saved assessment. 4 of 6 credited ingredients meet the saved minimum amount criterion; below it: Vitamin A, Vitamin E.
Partner coverage
The assessed ingredients can contribute independently or have their required partner present.
Conflicts
No ingredient conflict was identified in the saved assessment.
Effective doses
4 of 6 credited ingredients meet the saved minimum amount criterion; below it: Vitamin A, Vitamin E.
Study evidence
Biotin Supportive 10 studies
Niacin Supportive 61 studies
Vitamin A Supportive 106 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 38 studies
Impact
Moderate effect
F Ingredient FitD+ PathwaysA- EvidenceA- Formulation Logic
Coenzyme Q-10 · 15 mgVitamin E · 400 IUVitamin C · 1000 mg

Coenzyme Q10 has a limited connection with changes in certain inflammatory markers in people with coronary artery disease taking statins. Those marker changes do not show a broad anti-inflammatory benefit for everyday users. The ubiquinone and ubiquinol forms cannot be assumed equivalent for this purpose.

How this product is rated for Inflammation

Ingredient fit38

Coenzyme Q10 has a limited connection with changes in certain inflammatory markers in people with coronary artery disease taking statins.
Goal fit
Coenzyme Q10 has a limited connection with changes in certain inflammatory markers in people with coronary artery disease taking statins.
Dose adequacy
L-Carnitine: 100 mg; Vitamin C: 1000 mg; Coenzyme Q-10: 15 mg per selected label serving; these quantities do not by themselves prove symptom relief.

Pathways55

The main connection concerns inflammatory markers or oxidative stress, rather than a demonstrated broad clinical benefit.
Depth
The main connection concerns inflammatory markers or oxidative stress, rather than a demonstrated broad clinical benefit.
Breadth
A connection with one inflammatory process does not demonstrate effects across several different processes.

Evidence87

Coenzyme Q10 has a limited connection with changes in certain inflammatory markers in people with coronary artery disease taking statins.
Evidence strength
Coenzyme Q10 has a limited connection with changes in certain inflammatory markers in people with coronary artery disease taking statins.
Studied preparation
The relevant material can be matched, but that alone does not show an everyday clinical benefit.

Formulation logic88

No particular ingredient conflict is identified.
Partner coverage
No additional ingredient partner is required for the roles described here.
Conflicts
No particular ingredient conflict is identified.
Effective doses
L-Carnitine: 100 mg; Vitamin C: 1000 mg; Coenzyme Q-10: 15 mg per selected label serving; these quantities do not by themselves prove symptom relief.
Study evidence
Vitamin C Supportive 50 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 20 studies
Impact
High effect
D+ Ingredient FitB- PathwaysB- EvidenceA Formulation Logic
Coenzyme Q-10 · 15 mgL-Carnitine · 100 mgVitamin B12 · 1000 mcgVitamin B6 · 2 mgVitamin E · 400 IUFolate · 400 mcgNiacin · 20 mgVitamin C · 1000 mg

Thiamin helps cover a dietary need whose severe deficiency can cause heart problems, without established extra cardiovascular benefit when intake is adequate. Folate, B6 and B12 participate in homocysteine handling, but lowering this marker does not establish fewer cardiovascular events. The CoQ10 amount is unresolved, so the limited preparation-specific evidence on vascular and blood-pressure measures cannot establish a contribution here.

How this product is rated for Cardiovascular Support

Ingredient fit52

Recognized ingredients share a broader formula with ingredients serving other purposes, limiting its cardiovascular focus. Known amounts contribute, while Coenzyme Q-10, Vitamin E has unresolved or insufficient amount support.
Goal fit
Recognized ingredients share a broader formula with ingredients serving other purposes, limiting its cardiovascular focus.
Dose adequacy
Known amounts contribute, while Coenzyme Q-10, Vitamin E has unresolved or insufficient amount support.

Pathways74

The saved support centers on triglyceride metabolism, without establishing cardiovascular-event prevention.
Depth
The saved support centers on triglyceride metabolism, without establishing cardiovascular-event prevention.
Breadth
Homocysteine handling and oxidative vessel-wall measures meet the saved coverage criterion; clinical prevention does not follow from that coverage.

Evidence72

Vitamin C leads the saved evidence finding, but routine supplementation did not reduce major cardiovascular events in the supplied trial.
Evidence strength
Vitamin C leads the saved evidence finding, but routine supplementation did not reduce major cardiovascular events in the supplied trial.
Studied preparation
The saved result recognizes the preparations retained for this check; that recognition does not expand their demonstrated clinical benefits.

Formulation logic92

No required partner is missing and no configured conflict was matched. The amount check is limited by Coenzyme Q-10, Vitamin E; the other retained ingredients meet it.
Partner coverage
The recognized ingredients can contribute alone or have their required partner; no missing-partner limitation was found.
Conflicts
No configured conflict was matched in the supplied facts; this does not establish general safety.
Effective doses
The amount check is limited by Coenzyme Q-10, Vitamin E; the other retained ingredients meet it.
Study evidence
Folate Supportive 93 studies
Niacin Supportive 136 studies
Vitamin B6 Supportive 35 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 101 studies
Vitamin E Mixed 79 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per servingScore
Calories
130 {Calories}
Total Carbohydrates
32 g
Sugar
7 g
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
11000 IU 46
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
1000 mg
Vitamin E (D-Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate)
400 IU 60
Thiamine (Thiamine Mononitrate)
1.5 mg
Riboflavin
1.9 mg
Niacin (Niacinamide)
20 mg
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)
2 mg
Folic Acid
400 mcg
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
1000 mcg
Biotin
300 mcg
Pantothenic Acid (D-Calcium Pantothenate)
100 mg
Chromium (Chromium Picolinate)
100 mcg
Choline (Choline Dihydrogen Citrate)
1500 mg
Guarana Seed Extract
750 mg 85
DMAE (2-Dimethylaminoethanol Bitartrate)
100 mg 72
L-Carnitine
100 mg 20
Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (Ginkgo Flavone Glycosides, Terpene Lactones)
60 mg 85
Co-Enzyme Q10
15 mg
Adults 18–50
Report overview
D Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD- Value
The serving provides 400 IU of vitamin E as natural d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. The whole-product serving costs about $2.93.
How this ingredient is rated

Active Ingredient Quality & Bioavailability46

Vitamin E is identified as natural d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate.
Natural (d-alpha) vs. Synthetic (dl-alpha)
The identified form, d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, is natural.
Mixed Tocopherol Isomer Diversity
The saved facts do not establish a mixed-tocopherol complex or identify gamma and delta tocopherols.
Tocotrienol Complex Inclusion
The saved facts do not establish the presence of tocotrienols.

Dose, Safety & Label Transparency85

The recorded serving provides 400 IU of vitamin E. The recorded information identifies d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and a total vitamin E amount; separate isomer amounts are not established.
Therapeutic Dosage Range
The recorded serving provides 400 IU of vitamin E.
Label Transparency and Isomer Specificity
The recorded information identifies d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and a total vitamin E amount; separate isomer amounts are not established.

Value40

The whole-product serving costs about $2.93.
Cost per Natural-Form Therapeutic Serving
The whole-product serving costs about $2.93.
A+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityB Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value
Each serving lists 100 mg of active DMAE and identifies DMAE bitartrate. No caution is recorded in the supplied facts.
How this ingredient is rated

Active Ingredient Quality & Bioavailability100

The evaluation identifies DMAE bitartrate and records the active DMAE amount.
Deanol Form Specificity
DMAE bitartrate is identified as the form in the evaluation.
Active Deanol Yield Transparency
The saved facts report 100 mg of active DMAE per serving.

Dose, Safety & Label Transparency75

The serving contains a stated 100 mg of active DMAE. No caution is recorded in the supplied facts.
Dosage Appropriateness
The recorded active DMAE amount is 100 mg per serving.
Specific Safety Warnings
No caution is recorded in the supplied facts.

Value10

The whole product costs about $2.93 per 100 mg of active DMAE, a high cost on this ingredient measure.
Price Per 100mg Active Deanol
The whole-product cost is about $2.93 per 100 mg of active DMAE.
D+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityD+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value
Each serving provides 11,000 IU of vitamin A from beta-carotene. That is a relatively high total amount.
How this ingredient is rated

Active Ingredient Quality & Bioavailability50

Vitamin A comes from beta-carotene, a provitamin A source.
Vitamin A Chemical Form & Source
Beta-carotene is a provitamin A source.

Dose, Safety & Label Transparency54

The selected serving provides 11,000 IU of vitamin A, a relatively high amount. The source form is identified in the saved information.
Dosage Efficacy & Safety Thresholds
The selected serving provides 11,000 IU of vitamin A, a relatively high amount.
Label Transparency of Specific Forms
Beta-carotene is named; the saved information does not establish a complete source-percentage statement.

Value20

The whole-product price works out to about $1.33 per 5,000 IU of vitamin A. That is high for this vitamin A quantity.
Price per 5,000 IU Dose
The whole-product price works out to about $1.33 per 5,000 IU of vitamin A. That is high for this vitamin A quantity.
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Liu Z; Tian Z; Zhao D; Liang Y; Dai S; Liu M; Hou S; Dong X; Zhaxinima; Yang Y · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022
    Meta-analysis2,794 participants50 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forCoenzyme Q-10
  2. Six-month supplementation with high dose coenzyme Q10 improves liver steatosis, endothelial, vascular and myocardial function in patients with metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Vrentzos E; Ikonomidis I; Pavlidis G; Katogiannis K; Korakas E; Kountouri A; Pliouta L; Michalopoulou E; Pelekanou E; Boumpas D; Lambadiari V · Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024
    Randomized trial60 participantsCardiovascular Support forCoenzyme Q-10
  3. The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial.
    Mortensen SA; Rosenfeldt F; Kumar A; Dolliner P; Filipiak KJ; Pella D; Alehagen U; Steurer G; Littarru GP; Q-SYMBIO Study Investigators · JACC. Heart failure · 2015
    Randomized trial420 participantsCardiovascular Support forCoenzyme Q-10
  4. [Coenzyme Q-10 in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: systematic review and meta-analysis].
    Mareev VY; Mareev YV; Begrambekova YL · Kardiologiia · 2022
    Meta-analysis1,139 participants6 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forCoenzyme Q-10
  5. Effect of coenzyme Q10 in Europeans with chronic heart failure: A sub-group analysis of the Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind trial.
    Mortensen AL; Rosenfeldt F; Filipiak KJ · Cardiology journal · 2020
    Randomized trialCardiovascular Support forCoenzyme Q-10
  6. Associations of dietary folate, vitamin B6 and B12 intake with cardiovascular outcomes in 115664 participants: a large UK population-based cohort.
    Zhang B; Dong H; Xu Y; Xu D; Sun H; Han L · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023
    Cohort study115,664 participantsCardiovascular Support forFolate
  7. Folate, Homocysteine, and Adverse Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke.
    Shi M; Zheng J; Liu Y; Mao X; Wu X; Chu M; Niu H; Sun L; Chang X; He Y; Liu Y; Guo D; Zhang Y; Zhu Z; Zhao J · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024
    Cohort study3,530 participantsCardiovascular Support forFolate
  8. Effect of folic acid on endothelial function following acute myocardial infarction.
    Moens AL; Claeys MJ; Wuyts FL; Goovaerts I; Van Hertbruggen E; Wendelen LC; Van Hoof VO; Vrints CJ · The American journal of cardiology · 2007
    Randomized trial40 participantsCardiovascular Support forFolate
  9. Folic acid enhances endothelial function and reduces blood pressure in smokers: a randomized controlled trial.
    Mangoni AA; Sherwood RA; Swift CG; Jackson SH · Journal of internal medicine · 2003
    Randomized trial24 participantsCardiovascular Support forFolate
  10. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the active form of folic acid, restores endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia.
    Verhaar MC; Wever RM; Kastelein JJ; van Dam T; Koomans HA; Rabelink TJ · Circulation · 1998
    Non-randomized trial20 participantsCardiovascular Support forFolate
  11. L-Carnitine supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes.
    Malaguarnera M; Vacante M; Avitabile T; Malaguarnera M; Cammalleri L; Motta M · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2009
    Randomized trial81 participantsCardiovascular Support forL-Carnitine
  12. L-Carnitine's Effect on the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Choi M; Park S; Lee M · Nutrients · 2021
    Meta-analysis9 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forL-Carnitine
  13. The Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Mirrafiei A; Jayedi A; Shab-Bidar S · Clinical therapeutics · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,041 participants21 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forL-Carnitine
  14. The Effects of L-Carnitine on Echocardiographic Changes in Patients With β-Thalassemia Major and Intermedia.
    Shahidi M; Hashemi SR; Fattahi N; Roshani D; Vahedi S; Sharifi P; Moradveisi B · Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology · 2020
    Randomized trial60 participantsCardiovascular Support forL-Carnitine
  15. Efficacy and tolerability of combined treatment with L-carnitine and simvastatin in lowering lipoprotein(a) serum levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Solfrizzi V; Capurso C; Colacicco AM; D'Introno A; Fontana C; Capurso SA; Torres F; Gadaleta AM; Koverech A; Capurso A; Panza F · Atherosclerosis · 2007
    Randomized trial52 participantsCardiovascular Support forL-Carnitine
  16. The current state of niacin in cardiovascular disease prevention: a systematic review and meta-regression.
    Lavigne PM; Karas RH · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2013
    Meta-analysis9,959 participants11 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forNiacin
  17. Effects of niacin on apo A1 and B levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
    Saboori S; Yousefi Rad E; Tammam J; Thondre PS; Coe S · The British journal of nutrition · 2024
    Meta-analysis12 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forNiacin
  18. Effect of lipid-lowering therapies on lipoprotein(a) levels: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Xie S; Galimberti F; Olmastroni E; Carugo S; Catapano AL; Casula M; META-LIPID Group · Atherosclerosis · 2025
    Meta-analysis145,314 participants147 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forNiacin
  19. Extended-release niacin vs gemfibrozil for the treatment of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Niaspan-Gemfibrozil Study Group.
    Guyton JR; Blazing MA; Hagar J; Kashyap ML; Knopp RH; McKenney JM; Nash DT; Nash SD · Archives of internal medicine · 2000
    Randomized trial173 participantsCardiovascular Support forNiacin
  20. Equivalent efficacy of a time-release form of niacin (Niaspan) given once-a-night versus plain niacin in the management of hyperlipidemia.
    Knopp RH; Alagona P; Davidson M; Goldberg AC; Kafonek SD; Kashyap M; Sprecher D; Superko HR; Jenkins S; Marcovina S · Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 1998
    Randomized trial223 participantsCardiovascular Support forNiacin