Female Multiple

Female Multiple

Solgar4.8 (1,284 ratings)
Format:Tablet Quantity: 60 Tablet(s) · 20 servings
Goals
$18.38 $0.91 per serving

About this product

Broad vitamin and mineral coverage may help when several dietary gaps affect normal energy use or immune function. Iron at 18 mg is relevant when inadequate iron contributes to tiredness, and its bisglycinate source has favorable absorption and stomach-tolerance characteristics. Extra B vitamins do not establish greater energy or concentration once nutritional needs are met.

The mineral blends combine chelated sources with oxide forms without disclosing their shares. Calcium at 400 mg may interfere with iron absorption in the same serving, while the 100 mg choline-bitartrate declaration does not establish 100 mg of choline itself. Repeated source rows and separate B-vitamin declarations should not be added into assumed nutrient totals.

The herbal additions make a daily multivitamin more complicated without establishing broad hormone, weight or detox benefits. Black cohosh carries a rare liver-injury concern, and milk thistle lacks the marker information needed to judge its active content. The high cost and 50 mg B6 amount make careful matching to individual needs more useful than choosing it for its long ingredient list.

Who is it for
  • Adults who need broad nutrient supplementation including iron
  • People whose nutrient needs have been checked against the full formula
Best for
  • Filling several dietary gaps together
  • Iron-related nutritional support when additional iron is appropriate

Pros

  • Iron bisglycinate offers a clearly identified chelated iron source
  • Zinc and copper amounts are both available for comparison
  • Iodine source and amount are clearly identified

Cons

  • Mineral mixtures include oxide forms with undisclosed proportions
  • Calcium in the same serving may reduce iron absorption
  • Milk thistle lacks a stated active-marker concentration
  • High cost and many extra actives reduce focus on a specific need

Warnings

  • Black cohosh carries a rare liver-injury concern; people with liver problems should review that ingredient before choosing daily use.
  • The 50 mg B6 serving is above the low daily range favored in the supplied guidance; avoid adding another B6 supplement without reviewing total intake.
  • The 18 mg iron serving should match a real iron need rather than be added automatically when iron intake and stores are already adequate.

Product analysis

53 out of 100

Female Multiple can fill nutritional gaps that affect energy, blood-cell production and normal immune function. Black cohosh carries a rare liver-injury concern that matters when weighing this broad formula.

AI assessment of the formula, label and price. How scoring works

Nutrient Quality53

Ingredient quality is mixed, with favorable B-vitamin forms alongside mineral mixtures whose proportions are not disclosed. Several other forms are unspecified, making a complete quality comparison difficult.

Ingredient Transparency70

Amounts are stated throughout, and most forms are identified. Missing forms and the unstated proportions within several mixtures make exact comparisons difficult.

Value For Money32

Many vitamin and mineral amounts offer limited value relative to the cost of the whole serving. B6 compares more favorably, while uncertain comparisons for other ingredients leave part of the picture unresolved.

Customer Satisfaction85

Customer ratings are very positive across a substantial set of reviews. The feedback gives a useful picture of satisfaction.

Product Focus24

The broad formula can fill nutritional shortfalls, but its long ingredient list spreads it across many different aims. Black cohosh carries a rare liver-injury concern, and ginseng may work against falling asleep.

Format
Tablet
Container
60 Tablet(s)
Per serving
$0.91
Customer rating
4.8 · 1,284 ratings
Report analysis

Goals

Hair Health
Impact
High effect
C- Ingredient FitC PathwaysA+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Biotin · 300 mcgVitamin D · 10 mcgZinc · 30 mgIron · 18 mgVitamin C · 400 mg

Zinc, Vitamin B7 (Biotin), Iron can help address dietary shortfalls associated with diffuse shedding; extra intake does not establish regrowth when nutrient needs are met. Selenium and vitamin A have normal nutrient roles, but excessive intake can worsen hair loss rather than improve it.

How this product is rated for Hair Health

Ingredient fit58

Relevant ingredients sit within a broader formula aimed at other purposes, limiting its specific focus on hair. The serving amounts substantially match the saved comparisons, with some smaller contributions.
Goal fit
Relevant ingredients sit within a broader formula aimed at other purposes, limiting its specific focus on hair.
Dose adequacy
The serving amounts substantially match the saved comparisons, with some smaller contributions.

Pathways60

The strongest represented aspect is follicle antioxidant protection, with substantial representation; this is not proof of regrowth. The findings concentrate on one hair-related aspect rather than broad coverage.
Depth
The strongest represented aspect is follicle antioxidant protection, with substantial representation; this is not proof of regrowth.
Breadth
The findings concentrate on one hair-related aspect rather than broad coverage.

Evidence97

Zinc provides the strongest recognized evidence here, with its population and preparation limits. The saved preparation matches are incomplete for Iodine; matching an amount does not establish equivalence to a studied preparation.
Evidence strength
Zinc provides the strongest recognized evidence here, with its population and preparation limits.
Studied preparation
The saved preparation matches are incomplete for Iodine; matching an amount does not establish equivalence to a studied preparation.

Formulation logic98

The recognized ingredients have their required partners or can stand alone, with no matched ingredient conflict. Vitamin A falls below the saved minimum amount comparison, limiting its contribution without proving ineffectiveness.
Partner coverage
No required partner is missing for the recognized ingredients; this does not demonstrate synergy.
Conflicts
No listed ingredient conflict was matched; this does not establish individual suitability or medication compatibility.
Effective doses
Vitamin A falls below the saved minimum amount comparison, limiting its contribution without proving ineffectiveness.
Study evidence
Biotin Supportive 4 studies
Copper Adverse 4 studies
Folate Mixed 15 studies
Iodine No effect 1 study
Iron Disputed 25 studies
Niacin Disputed 2 studies
Selenium Disputed 7 studies
Vitamin A Disputed 13 studies
Vitamin D Disputed 34 studies
Vitamin E No effect 3 studies
Zinc Supportive 22 studies
Impact
Highest effect
B- Ingredient FitA+ PathwaysA- EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Folate · 1333 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 200 mcgVitamin D · 10 mcgMagnesium · 400 mgVitamin K · 20 mcgBoron · 500 mcgSelenium · 200 mcgZinc · 30 mgVitamin C · 400 mg

The B vitamins provide nutrients used in normal energy metabolism, while folate and B12 contribute to nutritional availability for blood formation. This can help fill low dietary intake, without establishing extra energy or disease prevention when intake is adequate. Magnesium adds a mineral contribution, and the formula also includes nutrients involved in bone or antioxidant functions.

How this product is rated for Everyday Health

Ingredient fit73

The formula mixes counted nutritional ingredients with ingredients for other purposes, broadening its focus. The counted amounts only partly cover the saved comparison range.
Goal fit
The formula mixes counted nutritional ingredients with ingredients for other purposes, broadening its focus.
Dose adequacy
The counted amounts only partly cover the saved comparison range.

Pathways100

The strongest assigned area is energy metabolism cofactors. This describes the main nutritional connection, not demonstrated broad health improvement.
Depth
The strongest assigned area is energy metabolism cofactors. This describes the main nutritional connection, not demonstrated broad health improvement.
Breadth
The formula reaches the saved breadth requirement across multiple nutritional areas.

Evidence86

Magnesium leads the saved evidence finding. Its contribution remains conditional on the supplied context, without assuming improved outcomes above nutritional adequacy.
Evidence strength
Magnesium leads the saved evidence finding. Its contribution remains conditional on the supplied context, without assuming improved outcomes above nutritional adequacy.
Studied preparation
The counted preparations match the saved comparison; no chemical form or delivery method is established as superior.

Formulation logic100

No configured ingredient conflict was matched. No missing required partner reduces the counted contribution.
Partner coverage
No missing required partner reduces the counted ingredients’ contribution; this does not establish a combination benefit.
Conflicts
No configured ingredient conflict was matched.
Effective doses
The counted ingredients meet the saved amount requirement, which is a comparison threshold rather than a proven effective dose.
Study evidence
Boron Supportive 6 studies
Folate Supportive 80 studies
Magnesium Supportive 114 studies
Selenium Supportive 70 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 56 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 115 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 34 studies
Zinc Supportive 60 studies
Impact
Highest effect
C- Ingredient FitA+ PathwaysA+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Vitamin K · 20 mcgMagnesium · 400 mgCalcium · 400 mgVitamin D · 10 mcgCopper · 1.5 mgManganese · 2 mgBoron · 500 mcgZinc · 30 mgVitamin C · 400 mg

Calcium and magnesium support normal bone mineralization when intake is low, while vitamin D supports calcium absorption. Copper helps cross-link bone collagen and vitamin C supports collagen formation, with extra bone benefit unestablished when intake is adequate. This broad formula covers mineral supply and collagen-related roles, but routine fracture prevention is not established. Its potassium preparation is not the potassium citrate used in the supplied trials.

How this product is rated for Bone Health

Ingredient fit56

This broad nutrient formula includes bone-related minerals and vitamins alongside many ingredients for other goals. Amounts give mixed support overall; the supplied folate declarations remain separate rather than being added.
Goal fit
This broad nutrient formula includes bone-related minerals and vitamins alongside many ingredients for other goals.
Dose adequacy
Amounts give mixed support overall; the supplied folate declarations remain separate rather than being added.

Pathways100

Bone mineral supply is the strongest supported route in the saved findings. Mineral supply, calcium regulation and collagen formation all receive substantial coverage.
Depth
Bone mineral supply is the strongest supported route in the saved findings.
Breadth
Mineral supply, calcium regulation and collagen formation all receive substantial coverage.

Evidence99

Calcium leads the saved evidence finding; nutritional support does not establish consistent fracture prevention. The saved findings recognize most included preparations, but potassium is not identified as the studied preparation.
Evidence strength
Calcium leads the saved evidence finding; nutritional support does not establish consistent fracture prevention.
Studied preparation
The saved findings recognize most included preparations, but potassium is not identified as the studied preparation.

Formulation logic100

The included ingredients work independently or have their required partner in the saved findings. No listed formulation conflict was identified.
Partner coverage
The included ingredients work independently or have their required partner in the saved findings.
Conflicts
No listed formulation conflict was identified.
Effective doses
All ingredients included in this rule meet its amount criterion; this does not prove a clinical effective dose.
Study evidence
Boron Supportive 5 studies
Calcium Supportive 144 studies
Copper Disputed 20 studies
Folate Supportive 50 studies
Magnesium Supportive 48 studies
Manganese Adverse 12 studies
Potassium Supportive 39 studies
Vitamin A Adverse 56 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 46 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 202 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 78 studies
Zinc Supportive 33 studies
Immunity
Impact
Highest effect
C Ingredient FitA+ PathwaysA+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Magnesium · 400 mgVitamin C · 400 mgZinc · 30 mgVitamin A · 4500 mcgVitamin D · 10 mcgSelenium · 200 mcg

Vitamin A supports protective barriers, and zinc and selenium contribute to normal immune function. Iron, copper, folate and vitamins B6 and B12 help when intake is low, without establishing added infection protection when intake is adequate. Vitamin C has modest regular-use cold-duration support; vitamin D is below the saved amount threshold.

How this product is rated for Immunity

Ingredient fit63

Immune-related nutrients sit alongside ingredients intended for other nutritional goals, making this a broader formula. The supplied serving provides a partial amount comparison for vitamin c, rather than a proven benefit level.
Goal fit
Immune-related nutrients sit alongside ingredients intended for other nutritional goals, making this a broader formula.
Dose adequacy
The supplied serving provides a partial amount comparison for vitamin c, rather than a proven benefit level.

Pathways100

The strongest saved connection is protective barriers. The ingredient roles support this connection without proving infection protection.
Depth
The strongest saved connection is protective barriers. The ingredient roles support this connection without proving infection protection.
Breadth
Several immune functions reach the saved coverage threshold, indicating a broader set of ingredient connections.

Evidence100

Vitamin C supplies the strongest saved evidence connection; its supported role does not establish broad infection prevention.
Evidence strength
Vitamin C supplies the strongest saved evidence connection; its supported role does not establish broad infection prevention.
Studied preparation
The saved preparation matching is favorable; it does not establish superiority over other nutrient forms.

Formulation logic100

The partner requirements are met and neither specified zinc conflict applies. Amount completeness remains a separate consideration.
Partner coverage
The included ingredients require no missing partner under the supplied findings; this does not imply extra benefit from combining them.
Conflicts
Neither specified zinc conflict applies to the supplied facts; these checks do not establish overall safety.
Effective doses
All included ingredients counted here meet the saved minimum amount comparison; this is not proof of clinical effectiveness.
Study evidence
Iron Supportive 23 studies
Magnesium Supportive 8 studies
Selenium Mixed 37 studies
Vitamin A Supportive 107 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 85 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 21 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Impact
Moderate effect
C Ingredient FitF PathwaysA+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Iodine · 150 mcgVitamin D · 10 mcgVitamin B5 · 7 mgMagnesium · 400 mgRiboflavin · 6 mgThiamin · 6 mgVitamin B12 · 200 mcgIron · 18 mgPotassium · 99 mg

Iron at 18 mg is relevant to tiredness caused by inadequate iron, while B vitamins support normal energy metabolism. Magnesium and vitamin C add nutritional support; higher B-vitamin amounts do not imply extra vitality when nutrient needs are already met.

How this product is rated for Energy

Ingredient fit61

12 ingredients relate to this goal, alongside 22 actives aimed at other needs. The relevant amounts provide substantial support within the saved comparison.
Goal fit
12 ingredients relate to this goal, alongside 22 actives aimed at other needs.
Dose adequacy
The relevant amounts provide substantial support within the saved comparison.

Pathways0

No mechanism has meaningful coverage in the saved assessment. 0 of the three target mechanisms meets the saved coverage level.
Depth
No mechanism has meaningful coverage in the saved assessment.
Breadth
0 of the three target mechanisms meets the saved coverage level.

Evidence97

Iron provides the strongest evidence contribution among the assessed amounts. This remains specific to the supplied evidence and its context.
Evidence strength
Iron provides the strongest evidence contribution among the assessed amounts. This remains specific to the supplied evidence and its context.
Studied preparation
Most of the assessed contribution matches preparations recognized in the saved assessment; Iodine does not.

Formulation logic100

All 12 assessed ingredients meet the saved amount threshold. No conflict was recorded by the supplied checks.
Partner coverage
The assessed ingredients can work alone or have their required partners present.
Conflicts
No conflict was recorded by the supplied checks.
Effective doses
All 12 assessed ingredients meet the saved amount threshold.
Study evidence
Iodine Adverse 3 studies
Iron Supportive 74 studies
Magnesium Supportive 4 studies
Potassium Supportive 2 studies
Thiamin Disputed 12 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 32 studies
Impact
High effect
C Ingredient FitF PathwaysA+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Biotin · 300 mcgNiacin · 60 mgVitamin B12 · 200 mcgRiboflavin · 6 mgThiamin · 6 mgVitamin B5 · 7 mgVitamin B6 · 6 mgVitamin D · 10 mcgZinc · 30 mgMagnesium · 400 mg

Iodine supports thyroid hormone production, and replacing a dietary deficiency can restore thyroid-related heat production. Correcting iron-deficiency anemia may partly restore impaired thyroid hormones and cold-related heat production. The B vitamins support normal energy metabolism, without evidence that extra amounts raise calorie expenditure when intake is adequate.

How this product is rated for Metabolism Support

Ingredient fit64

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) leads the relevant ingredient finding. The saved amount comparison remains distinct from proof of a metabolism boost.
Goal fit
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) provides a relevant connection within a broader formula, reducing its focus on this goal.
Dose adequacy
The relevant amounts partly match the saved comparison exposures; this limits the amount finding without quantifying a change in calorie expenditure.

Pathways8

The main connection is insulin sensitivity and metabolic hormones. Coverage remains too narrow to establish a general rise in metabolic rate.
Depth
The strongest supplied connection is insulin sensitivity and metabolic hormones; that mechanism does not establish a rise in whole-body calorie expenditure.
Breadth
No reviewed mechanism reaches the saved coverage threshold, so broad energy-expenditure support is not established.

Evidence100

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) leads the saved evidence comparison. Clinical context limits any claim that these ingredients increase whole-body energy expenditure.
Evidence strength
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) anchors the saved evidence finding, while the supplied human evidence does not establish a routine metabolism boost in adequately nourished adults.
Studied preparation
The included ingredients match preparations recognized in the saved comparison. Matching a preparation does not establish that it increases calorie expenditure.

Formulation logic100

No missing required partner or matched conflict was identified. The included ingredients meet the saved amount threshold.
Partner coverage
The relevant ingredients act independently or have their required partner; this does not establish an added benefit from their combination.
Conflicts
No conflict was identified in the supplied checks; this is a limited formulation finding rather than a general safety conclusion.
Effective doses
The included ingredients meet the saved amount threshold; this threshold is not a proven minimum dose for increasing metabolism.
Study evidence
Biotin Supportive 5 studies
Chromium Supportive 47 studies
Iodine Mixed 17 studies
Magnesium Supportive 61 studies
Niacin Supportive 17 studies
Selenium Mixed 28 studies
Thiamin Supportive 11 studies
Vitamin B6 Supportive 16 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 65 studies
Zinc Supportive 12 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per servingScore
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
4500 mcg
Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid, Niacinamide Ascorbate)
400 mg
Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol)
10 mcg
Vitamin E (D-Alpha-Tocopheryl Acid Succinate)
268 mg
Vitamin K (Phytonadione)
20 mcg
Thiamine (Thiamine Mononitrate)
50 mg 71
Riboflavin
50 mg 65
Niacin (Niacinamide Ascorbate)
60 mg 65
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)
50 mg 66
Folate
1333 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
200 mcg 21
Biotin (D-Biotin)
300 mcg 63
Pantothenic Acid (D-Calcium Pantothenate)
80 mg 71
Choline (Choline Bitartrate)
100 mg 56
Calcium (Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Citrate, Calcium Glycinate Chelate)
400 mg 56
Iron (Iron Bisglycinate)
18 mg 69
Iodine (Potassium Iodide)
150 mcg 84
Magnesium (Magnesium Citrate, Magnesium Glycinate Chelate, Magnesium Oxide)
400 mg 53
Zinc (Zinc Glycinate Chelate, Zinc Histidinate Chelate, Zinc Oxide)
30 mg 57
Selenium (L-Selenomethionine)
200 mcg 82
Copper (Copper Glycinate Chelate, Cupric Oxide)
1.5 mg 52
Manganese (Manganese Glycinate Chelate)
2 mg 66
Chromium (Chromium Nicotinate Glycinate Chelate)
200 mcg 76
Molybdenum (Molybdenum Glycinate)
50 mcg 70
Sodium
15 mg
Potassium (Potassium Amino Acid Complex)
99 mg
Citrus Bioflavonoid Complex
100 mg
Inositol
100 mg
Pantethine
7 mg 71
Cocarboxylase
6 mg 71
Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate
6 mg 66
Riboflavin 5-Phosphate
6 mg 65
Boron (Boron Amino Acid Complex)
500 mcg
Dong Quai extract
25 mg
Uva-Ursi extract
25 mg
Chaste extract
25 mg
American Ginseng extract (Ginsenosides)
25 mg
Milk Thistle extract
25 mg 16
Black Cohosh extract
25 mg
Soy Germ extract
25 mg
Mixed Carotenoids
172 mcg
Gluten Free Vegan Dairy Free Sugar Free Women Women 18–50 Vegetarian
Report overview
A+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value
Each serving supplies 150 mcg of iodine as potassium iodide, an amount the evaluation considers well aligned for daily support. A whole-product serving costs about $0.92.
How this ingredient is rated

Active Ingredient Quality & Bioavailability100

Potassium iodide is the identified iodine form. No marine source is recorded, so the seaweed-specific sourcing check does not apply.
Iodine Form & Bioavailability
Potassium iodide is the identified iodine form; the evaluation does not establish how much an individual will absorb.
Marine Source Purity & Sourcing
No marine source is recorded, so the seaweed-specific sourcing check does not apply. That does not establish contaminant absence.

Dose, Safety & Label Transparency100

The stated iodine amount is 150 mcg per serving, within the evaluation’s daily-support range and not flagged for exceeding its general upper limit.
Dosage Efficacy for Daily Support
The 150 mcg of iodine per serving falls within the evaluation’s range for daily support.
Dosage Safety & Upper Limits
The amount is not flagged for exceeding the evaluation’s general upper limit.
Elemental Iodine Transparency
The saved facts state 150 mcg of iodine per serving and identify its source.

Value20

A whole-product serving costs about $0.92.
Price Per Effective Serving
The price is about $0.92 per whole-product serving.
A+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value
+3
Each serving provides 200 mcg of selenium as L-Selenomethionine. 200 mcg per serving matches the amount used by the evaluation for selenium support.
How this ingredient is rated

Active Ingredient Quality & Bioavailability100

The selenium is recorded as L-Selenomethionine, an identified organic form regarded as readily absorbed.
Selenium Chemical Form
L-Selenomethionine is the recorded selenium form, an organic form the evaluation regards as readily absorbed.
Form Transparency & Isomer Specificity
The recorded name L-Selenomethionine identifies the specific L form.

Dose, Safety & Label Transparency100

Each serving provides 200 mcg selenium, matching the amount used for selenium support in the evaluation and leaving room below its upper limit.
Dosage Efficacy Sweet Spot
200 mcg per serving matches the amount used by the evaluation for selenium support.
Safety Margin & UL Adherence
200 mcg per serving is below the upper limit used in the evaluation, leaving room for selenium from food.

Value10

The recorded price corresponds to about $0.92 per 200 mcg of selenium, based on whole-product servings.
Price per 200 mcg Serving
The recorded price corresponds to about $0.92 per 200 mcg of selenium, based on whole-product servings.
A Ingredient Form & Label QualityF Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyB Value
+3
The 50 mg of vitamin B6 per serving comes at a moderate cost per amount of B6. It uses pyridoxine hydrochloride and pyridoxal 5-phosphate, in unknown proportions. It contains titanium dioxide or hydrogenated oils. The amount exceeds the European adult daily upper limit, before food or other supplements are counted.
How this ingredient is rated

Ingredient Form & Label Quality91

The B6 comes from pyridoxine hydrochloride and pyridoxal 5-phosphate, but the proportions are unknown. The ingredient list includes titanium dioxide or hydrogenated oils.
Vitamin B6 Form Identification
The B6 comes from pyridoxine hydrochloride and pyridoxal 5-phosphate, but the proportions are unknown.
Clean Label and Excipient Purity
The ingredient list includes titanium dioxide or hydrogenated oils.

Dose, Safety & Label Transparency37

The serving provides 50 mg of B6, above the European adult daily upper limit; total intake can also include food and other supplements.
Vitamin B6 Dose & Safety Policy
The serving provides 50 mg of B6, above the European adult daily upper limit; total intake can also include food and other supplements.
Label Transparency
The B6 source is named as pyridoxine hydrochloride and pyridoxal 5-phosphate, with proportions unspecified.

Value75

The cost per amount of B6 is moderate.
Vitamin B6 Price Efficiency
The cost per amount of B6 is moderate.
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. [Comparative study of the urinary excretion of boron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis].
    José Ramón V; Mora Mora M; Marino Alarcón O; Hernández G; Josefina Linares L; Urdaneta Romero H; Arévalo González E · Investigacion clinica · 2013
    Case-control study45 participantsBone Health forBoron
  2. Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women.
    Nielsen FH; Hunt CD; Mullen LM; Hunt JR · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 1987
    Single-arm trial12 participantsBone Health forBoron
  3. The relationship between boron and magnesium status and bone mineral density in the human: a review.
    Volpe SL; Taper LJ; Meacham S · Magnesium research · 1994
    Narrative reviewBone Health forBoron
  4. Effects of boron supplementation on bone mineral density and dietary, blood, and urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and boron in female athletes.
    Meacham SL; Taper LJ; Volpe SL · Environmental health perspectives · 1995
    Randomized trial28 participantsBone Health forBoron
  5. Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations
    C D Hunt, J L Herbel, F H Nielsen · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 1997
    Non-randomized trial11 participantsBone Health forBoron
  6. What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Manoj P; Derwin R; George S · International journal of older people nursing · 2023
    Meta-analysis12,620 participants7 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
  7. Calcium supplementation prevents seasonal bone loss and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in elderly New England women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Storm D; Eslin R; Porter ES; Musgrave K; Vereault D; Patton C; Kessenich C; Mohan S; Chen T; Holick MF; Rosen CJ · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 1998
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  8. The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women.
    Prince R; Devine A; Dick I; Criddle A; Kerr D; Kent N; Price R; Randell A · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 1995
    Randomized trial168 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  9. The efficacy of calcium supplementation alone in elderly Thai women over a 2-year period: a randomized controlled trial.
    Rajatanavin R; Chailurkit L; Saetung S; Thakkinstian A; Nimitphong H · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial404 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  10. Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bonjour JP; Carrie AL; Ferrari S; Clavien H; Slosman D; Theintz G; Rizzoli R · The Journal of clinical investigation · 1997
    Randomized trial149 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  11. The Association between Dietary and Circulating Copper Levels and Osteoporosis: a Scoping Review.
    Ju Y; Xiong W; Pang Y; Chen Z; Hou J; Zheng S; Li Z; Liu T; Xia H; Xia M; Zhong Y; Li J; Jiang X · Biological trace element research · 2026
    Scoping review18 studies pooledBone Health forCopper
  12. Association between dietary copper, iron, zinc, selenium intake and osteopenia or osteoporosis in elderly hypertensive patients: a retrospective cohort study.
    Chen M; Jia L; Gao R · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Cohort study5,286 participantsBone Health forCopper
  13. Associations of dietary copper intake with total bone mineral density and lumbar spine bone mineral density in American adults.
    Hu M; Wang Z; Li C; Zheng Y; Hu J · Medicine · 2025
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forCopper
  14. The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study.
    Wei M; Wei J; Huang S · Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025
    Cross-sectional study11,520 participantsBone Health forCopper
  15. Association between dietary copper intake and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: A cross-sectional study.
    Cui A; Yan J; Li H; Fan Z; Wei X; Wang H; Zhuang Y · PloS one · 2024
    Cross-sectional study6,965 participantsBone Health forCopper
  16. Association between RBC folate and lumbar bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2009-2018.
    Wei H; Jin Z; Zhou L; Tang G; Chai S; Che X; Tan Y; Zeng W · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,315 participantsBone Health forFolate
  17. Genetic variants modify the associations of concentrations of methylmalonic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate with bone mineral density.
    Liu CT; Karasik D; Xu H; Zhou Y; Broe K; Cupples LA; Cpgm de Groot L; Ham A; Hannan MT; Hsu YH; Jacques P; McLean RR; Paul L; Selhub J; Trajanoska K; van der Velde N; van Schoor N; Kiel DP · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021
    Cohort study4,310 participantsBone Health forFolate
  18. Adequate Intake and Supplementation of B Vitamins, in Particular Folic Acid, can Play a Protective Role in Bone Health.
    Rondanelli M; Tartara A; Fossari F; Vecchio V; Faliva MA; Naso M; Perna S; Nichetti M; Peroni G · Current aging science · 2022
    Narrative review35,298 participants29 studies pooledBone Health forFolate Bone Health forVitamin B6
  19. Relation of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 to bone mineral density of postmenopausal women.
    Cagnacci A; Baldassari F; Rivolta G; Arangino S; Volpe A · Bone · 2004
    Cross-sectional study161 participantsBone Health forFolate
  20. Dietary intake of folate, but not vitamin B2 or B12, is associated with increased bone mineral density 5 years after the menopause: results from a 10-year follow-up study in early postmenopausal women.
    Rejnmark L; Vestergaard P; Hermann AP; Brot C; Eiken P; Mosekilde L · Calcified tissue international · 2008
    Cohort study1,869 participantsBone Health forFolate