Vegan Prenatal Multivitamin & Mineral

Vegan Prenatal Multivitamin & Mineral

DEVA4.6 (3,568 ratings)
Format:Tablet Quantity: 90 Tablet(s) · 90 servings
Goals

About this product

Iron, folate and iodine give this prenatal its clearest nutritional purpose. The stated 21 mg iron, 1000 mcg DFE folate and 225 mcg iodine may help fill dietary gaps relevant to blood formation and normal metabolism. Those nutrient roles do not establish that the complete formula meets an individual's pregnancy needs.

Coverage is uneven across the formula: choline contributes 50 mg, calcium 130 mg and magnesium 43 mg. These amounts leave substantial reliance on food or other planned sources, while the small botanical additions do not establish extra prenatal benefit. The 50 mcg lutein amount also offers little basis for choosing it as a targeted eye supplement.

Several important amounts are clearly stated, and the iron and iodine contributions compare favorably for value. Iron is described only as an amino acid chelate, while zinc mixes citrate with less favorable oxide in undisclosed proportions. The available findings support broad adult nutrition, but pregnancy-specific suitability and the role of the wider ingredient mix still require individual assessment.

Who is it for
  • People seeking a vegan-labelled prenatal to review against their diet and individual pregnancy needs
  • Adults with higher iron needs who want broad nutrient coverage
Best for
  • Filling iron, folate and iodine intake gaps
  • Supporting normal blood formation and energy metabolism when intake is low

Pros

  • Iron, folate and iodine amounts are clearly disclosed
  • Iron and iodine have favorable value comparisons
  • Copper content is quantified alongside zinc
  • Vitamin A is supplied as beta-carotene

Cons

  • Choline provides only a modest contribution
  • Calcium and magnesium amounts leave substantial nutritional gaps to cover elsewhere
  • Zinc citrate and oxide proportions are unknown
  • The iron chelate does not identify its amino acids
  • Added botanicals have no established pregnancy-specific contribution here

Warnings

  • The 21 mg iron serving should match an individual need; check total intake before adding separate iron.
  • For pregnancy use, review the folate and iron amounts and the limited choline coverage with a prenatal-care professional rather than assuming the formula covers all needs.

Product analysis

56 out of 100

Vegan Prenatal Multivitamin & Mineral provides broad nutritional support, including folate, iron and iodine to help fill low intake. The calcium and zinc blend proportions are not stated, making their contributions harder to compare precisely.

AI assessment of the formula, label and price. How scoring works

Nutrient Quality46

Ingredient quality varies, with clearly identified iodine and vitamin B5 forms alongside less complete information for other nutrients. Unknown zinc blend proportions limit a confident comparison of its absorption potential.

Ingredient Transparency71

The amounts are stated and most nutrient forms are named, helping you check the serving. The proportions of the calcium and zinc forms are missing, so their mixtures remain less clear.

Value For Money55

Several mineral contributions and riboflavin compare favorably on price. Vitamin B5 and boron are less competitive, while value for many other ingredients remains uncertain.

Customer Satisfaction84

Customer feedback is generally favorable across a large review history. The ratings describe satisfaction and do not establish prenatal outcomes.

Product Focus29

The strongest support concerns filling nutrient gaps and maintaining normal body functions. The wide mix of nutrients and additional ingredients gives it a broad scope, without establishing added benefit across every listed health aim.

Format
Tablet
Container
90 Tablet(s)
Per serving
$0.12
Customer rating
4.6 · 3,568 ratings
Report analysis

Goals

Impact
Highest effect
B- Ingredient FitA+ PathwaysB+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Folate · 1000 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 100 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcgMagnesium · 43 mgVitamin K · 30 mcgBoron · 1 mgSelenium · 82.5 mcgZinc · 16.5 mgVitamin C · 120 mg

B vitamins and folate supply nutrients involved in normal metabolism and blood formation, while iron and iodine can help fill low intake. Zinc and selenium contribute to normal immune and antioxidant functions. These are routine adult nutritional contributions, without establishing prenatal outcomes or additional benefit above adequacy. The smaller calcium, magnesium and vitamin K amounts are below the saved amount threshold.

How this product is rated for Everyday Health

Ingredient fit71

B vitamins, folate, iron, iodine, zinc and selenium provide the relevant connection. Their amounts make nutritional contributions of varying size.
Goal fit
The meaningful connection comes from b vitamins, folate, iron, iodine, zinc and selenium; product naming and broader uses do not establish extra benefit.
Dose adequacy
Amounts provide uneven contributions across the included nutrients, rather than demonstrating a biological limit or an ideal dose.

Pathways100

The relevant areas are nutrient metabolism, blood formation and antioxidant functions. Several nutritional areas have substantial representation.
Depth
The strongest contribution concerns nutrient metabolism, blood formation and antioxidant functions.
Breadth
Several nutritional areas have substantial representation.

Evidence82

Folate leads the saved finding. The supported role remains nutritional, without established added benefit above adequate intake.
Evidence strength
Folate provides the leading evidence contribution, subject to the supplied population and nutritional limits.
Studied preparation
The included preparations satisfy the supplied comparison; the finding does not establish superior effects from named forms or delivery methods.

Formulation logic100

No configured ingredient conflict was identified; this finding does not establish overall safety. The included ingredients meet the amount threshold and have no missing required partner.
Partner coverage
The included ingredients work independently or have their required partner; no extra combination benefit follows.
Conflicts
No configured ingredient conflict was identified; this finding does not establish overall safety.
Effective doses
The included ingredients meet the saved amount threshold; this does not prove clinical effectiveness.
Study evidence
Boron Supportive 6 studies
Folate Supportive 80 studies
Magnesium Supportive 114 studies
Selenium Supportive 70 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 56 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 115 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 34 studies
Zinc Supportive 60 studies
Hair Health
Impact
High effect
C- Ingredient FitD PathwaysA+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Biotin · 60 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcgZinc · 16.5 mgIron · 21 mgVitamin C · 120 mg

Zinc and iron can help address diffuse shedding when their intake is deficient. Biotin has a similar role when biotin is deficient; extra regrowth is not established with adequate intake. Vitamin C supports normal collagen synthesis and iron absorption, without an established independent regrowth effect. Selenium contributes antioxidant biology, but routine hair benefit is unproven.

How this product is rated for Hair Health

Ingredient fit59

Relevant nutritional ingredients are present, with the amount findings determining how much they contribute.
Goal fit
The formula includes relevant nutrients alongside ingredients serving broader purposes.
Dose adequacy
The declared amounts provide uneven support against the supplied comparison anchors; some contributions are limited or unresolved.

Pathways48

Antioxidant-related nutrient contributions are the strongest finding, without establishing a clinical hair-growth effect.
Depth
Antioxidant-related nutrient contributions are the strongest finding, without establishing a clinical hair-growth effect.
Breadth
Follicle antioxidant protection meet the supplied coverage requirement; this does not establish comprehensive hair-loss benefit.

Evidence97

Zinc provides the strongest relevant support, specifically for deficiency-related shedding.
Evidence strength
Zinc provides the strongest relevant support, specifically for deficiency-related shedding.
Studied preparation
Most relevant preparations are accepted for comparison, while iodine lacks a matched studied preparation.

Formulation logic100

The supplied findings identify no missing required partners or configured conflicts. Amount comparisons do not establish a combined hair-growth effect.
Partner coverage
No required ingredient partner is missing from the supplied findings.
Conflicts
No configured ingredient conflict was found in the supplied findings.
Effective doses
All counted ingredients meet the supplied minimum amount comparison; this is not a proven effective hair dose.
Study evidence
Biotin Supportive 4 studies
Copper Adverse 4 studies
Folate Mixed 15 studies
Iodine No effect 1 study
Iron Disputed 25 studies
Niacin Disputed 2 studies
Selenium Disputed 7 studies
Vitamin A Disputed 13 studies
Vitamin D Disputed 34 studies
Vitamin E No effect 3 studies
Zinc Supportive 22 studies
Immunity
Impact
Highest effect
C- Ingredient FitA+ PathwaysA+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Magnesium · 43 mgVitamin C · 120 mgZinc · 16.5 mgVitamin A · 1000 mcg RAEVitamin D · 20 mcgSelenium · 82.5 mcg

Zinc, folate, B6, B12, copper and iron supply nutrients involved in normal immune-cell function when intake is low. Vitamin A contributes to barrier nutrition and selenium to oxidative balance. These are adult nutritional contributions, without established prenatal outcomes or infection prevention. Vitamin C and magnesium are below the saved amount threshold, and higher nutrient amounts do not establish extra benefit.

How this product is rated for Immunity

Ingredient fit56

Zinc, folate, B vitamins, copper, iron, vitamin A and selenium provide the relevant immune connection. The amount comparison concerns one selected serving.
Goal fit
The meaningful immune connection comes from zinc, folate, b vitamins, copper, iron, vitamin a and selenium. Broader uses do not establish additional immune effects.
Dose adequacy
Amounts contribute unevenly across the included ingredients; greater amounts do not establish greater clinical benefit.

Pathways100

The strongest represented area is lymphocyte function and immune regulation. Three immune areas have substantial representation.
Depth
The strongest contribution concerns lymphocyte function and immune regulation.
Breadth
Three immune areas have substantial representation.

Evidence100

Zinc leads the saved evidence finding. The relevant evidence supports normal nutrient function when intake is low, without establishing routine infection prevention.
Evidence strength
The relevant evidence supports normal nutrient function when intake is low, without establishing routine infection prevention.
Studied preparation
The included preparations meet the supplied comparison, without establishing superiority of named forms or delivery methods.

Formulation logic100

No configured ingredient conflict was identified; this is not an overall safety judgment. The included ingredients meet the amount threshold and have no missing required partner.
Partner coverage
The included ingredients work independently or have their required partner; this does not demonstrate extra benefit from combining them.
Conflicts
No configured ingredient conflict was identified; this is not an overall safety judgment.
Effective doses
The included ingredients meet the supplied amount threshold; this does not prove clinical effectiveness.
Study evidence
Iron Supportive 23 studies
Magnesium Supportive 8 studies
Selenium Mixed 37 studies
Vitamin A Supportive 107 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 85 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 21 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Impact
Moderate effect
C- Ingredient FitF PathwaysA+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Iodine · 225 mcgVitamin D · 20 mcgVitamin B5 · 25 mgMagnesium · 43 mgRiboflavin · 13 mgThiamin · 12 mgVitamin B12 · 100 mcgIron · 21 mg

Iron, folate, riboflavin, niacin, B5, B6 and vitamin C support nutritional needs relevant to tiredness and fatigue. Iron's role is particularly meaningful when iron status is low, but no deficiency is inferred from a prenatal label. Routine extra energy in an adequately nourished adult is not established.

How this product is rated for Energy

Ingredient fit56

The saved assessment identifies 10 relevant ingredients and 22 other active ingredients; the formula serves 12 goals. The saved amount assessment is moderate overall, with unknown amounts contributing no support.
Goal fit
The saved assessment identifies 10 relevant ingredients and 22 other active ingredients; the formula serves 12 goals.
Dose adequacy
The saved amount assessment is moderate overall, with unknown amounts contributing no support.

Pathways0

The saved assessment identifies no direct energy mechanism; the relevant contribution is nutritional. 0 of the three mechanism targets meets the saved coverage threshold.
Depth
The saved assessment identifies no direct energy mechanism; the relevant contribution is nutritional.
Breadth
0 of the three mechanism targets meets the saved coverage threshold.

Evidence97

Iron leads the saved evidence comparison among ingredients meeting the amount threshold. This comparison does not imply uniform fatigue relief. The saved evidence match is incomplete for Iodine.
Evidence strength
Iron leads the saved evidence comparison among ingredients meeting the amount threshold. This comparison does not imply uniform fatigue relief.
Studied preparation
The saved evidence match is incomplete for Iodine.

Formulation logic100

The assessed ingredients work alone or have their required partner. No configured conflict was identified. 10 of 10 assessed ingredients meet the saved minimum amount threshold.
Partner coverage
The assessed ingredients work alone or have their required partner.
Conflicts
No configured conflict was identified.
Effective doses
10 of 10 assessed ingredients meet the saved minimum amount threshold.
Study evidence
Iodine Adverse 3 studies
Iron Supportive 74 studies
Magnesium Supportive 4 studies
Thiamin Disputed 12 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 32 studies
Skin Health
Impact
High effect
D+ Ingredient FitD PathwaysA- EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Zinc · 16.5 mgVitamin C · 120 mgCopper · 1.3 mgSelenium · 82.5 mcgVitamin E · 19 mg

Vitamin C supports normal collagen formation, while zinc supports skin repair. These roles matter when intake is low or deficiency impairs skin health; extra intake has no established cosmetic benefit when nutrient status is adequate. Other supplied nutrients contribute to normal skin maintenance, but the saved findings cover selected structural or antioxidant aspects rather than demonstrated broad improvements in skin appearance.

How this product is rated for Skin Health

Ingredient fit52

The formula contains several skin-relevant nutrients, with uneven amounts and a wider nutritional focus.
Goal fit
Several relevant nutrients are present alongside many ingredients directed at other goals.
Dose adequacy
The saved amount findings are uneven across ingredients; a smaller amount does not by itself establish a useful skin effect.

Pathways50

The saved findings are strongest for collagen structure.
Depth
The strongest saved finding concerns the dermal collagen matrix; normal nutrient roles do not establish extra cosmetic benefit.
Breadth
Only the collagen-structure aspect reaches the saved coverage threshold.

Evidence89

The saved evidence findings include normal nutrient functions; those do not prove added skin improvement in adequately nourished adults.
Evidence strength
Vitamin C leads the saved evidence finding, while its practical skin role remains conditional on inadequate intake or deficiency.
Studied preparation
The saved preparation finding is complete for the ingredients included; this does not establish added cosmetic benefit from the declared forms.

Formulation logic100

Partner requirements are satisfied and no matched conflicts were recorded. Amount findings do not establish synergy.
Partner coverage
The included ingredients have no unmet partner requirement in the saved findings; this does not establish added benefit from combining them.
Conflicts
No matched formulation conflict was recorded in the supplied assessment.
Effective doses
All ingredients included in this finding meet its minimum amount criterion; that criterion is not a proven effective skin dose.
Study evidence
Biotin Supportive 10 studies
Copper Supportive 16 studies
Niacin Supportive 61 studies
Selenium Supportive 22 studies
Vitamin A Supportive 106 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 38 studies
Zinc Supportive 66 studies
Bone Health
Impact
High effect
C- Ingredient FitB+ PathwaysA+ EvidenceA+ Formulation Logic
Vitamin K · 30 mcgMagnesium · 43 mgCalcium · 130 mgVitamin D · 20 mcgCopper · 1.3 mgManganese · 2.6 mgBoron · 1 mgZinc · 16.5 mgVitamin C · 120 mg

Vitamin D supports calcium absorption and normal mineralization when vitamin D intake is low. Copper helps cross-link bone collagen when copper is deficient, while zinc participates in normal bone-building enzyme activity without established extra bone benefit from supplementation. Calcium and magnesium provide small mineral amounts per serving. Vitamin K is K1 here, so the limited MK-7 findings do not apply.

How this product is rated for Bone Health

Ingredient fit58

Bone-related nutrients share the formula with numerous ingredients directed toward other goals. Declared amounts provide partial to substantial contributions, with smaller amounts limiting some ingredients.
Goal fit
Bone-related nutrients share the formula with numerous ingredients directed toward other goals.
Dose adequacy
Declared amounts provide partial to substantial contributions, with smaller amounts limiting some ingredients.

Pathways80

The strongest saved finding concerns collagen matrix formation. The main supported areas are calcium absorption and regulation, collagen matrix formation. Other areas have less or no coverage.
Depth
The strongest saved finding concerns collagen matrix formation.
Breadth
The main supported areas are calcium absorption and regulation, collagen matrix formation. Other areas have less or no coverage.

Evidence98

The included preparations match those recognized in the supplied evidence; the limitations of each nutrient still apply.
Evidence strength
Zinc provides the strongest evidence basis among the included amounts; this does not establish general fracture prevention.
Studied preparation
The included preparations match those recognized in the supplied evidence; the limitations of each nutrient still apply.

Formulation logic97

Vitamin D lacks a sufficient calcium partner in the saved findings.
Partner coverage
Vitamin D lacks a sufficient calcium partner in the saved findings.
Conflicts
No ingredient conflict was identified in the supplied checks.
Effective doses
All included ingredients meet the saved minimum amount threshold, which does not prove a clinical benefit.
Study evidence
Boron Supportive 5 studies
Calcium Supportive 144 studies
Copper Disputed 20 studies
Folate Supportive 50 studies
Magnesium Supportive 48 studies
Manganese Adverse 12 studies
Vitamin A Adverse 56 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 46 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 202 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 78 studies
Zinc Supportive 33 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per servingScore
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
1000 mcg RAE
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
120 mg
Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol)
20 mcg
Vitamin E (D-Alpha-Tocopheryl)
19 mg
Vitamin K (Phytonadione)
30 mcg
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine Mononitrate)
12 mg 65
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
13 mg 58
Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide)
40 mg 73
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)
12.75 mg
Folate (Folic Acid)
1000 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
100 mcg
Biotin
60 mcg
Vitamin B5 (D-Calcium Pantothenate)
25 mg 61
Calcium (Calcium Carbonate, Dicalcium Pantothenate)
130 mg
Iron (Iron Amino Acid Chelate)
21 mg 73
Iodine (Potassium Iodide)
225 mcg 100
Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)
43 mg
Zinc (Zinc Citrate, Zinc Oxide)
16.5 mg 65
Selenium (Selenium Amino Acid Chelate)
82.5 mcg 61
Copper (Copper Gluconate)
1.3 mg 78
Manganese (Manganese Amino Acid Chelate)
2.6 mg 82
Chromium (Chromium Amino Acid Chelate)
52.5 mcg 31
Molybdenum (Molybdenum Amino Acid Chelate)
67.5 mcg 56
Choline (Choline Bitartrate)
50 mg 61
Boron (Boron Citrate)
1 mg 64
Inositol
10 mg
Lutein
50 mcg
Cinnamon
10 mg
Citrus Bioflavonoid Complex
10 mg
Apple Pectin
10 mg
Betaine HCl
10 mg
Alfalfa
5 mg
Chamomile
5 mg
Rose Hips
5 mg
Acerola fruit extract
500 mcg
Gluten Free Vegan Dairy Free Sugar Free Pregnant Women 18–50 Vegetarian
Report overview
A+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value
A serving supplies 225 mcg of iodine as potassium iodide. The whole-product price is about $0.12 per serving.
How this ingredient is rated

Active Ingredient Quality & Bioavailability100

The iodine is supplied as potassium iodide, a form favored by the evaluation.
Iodine Form & Bioavailability
Potassium iodide is the named chemical form, and the evaluation favors it among the forms it considers.
Marine Source Purity & Sourcing
No marine source is recorded, so the marine-specific sourcing criterion does not apply; this does not establish contaminant absence.

Dose, Safety & Label Transparency100

A serving provides 225 mcg of iodine. The amount itself is disclosed.
Dosage Efficacy for Daily Support
A serving provides 225 mcg of iodine.
Dosage Safety & Upper Limits
The evaluation does not flag the amount as exceeding its general upper limit; individual safety is not established.
Elemental Iodine Transparency
The supplied facts identify 225 mcg of iodine per serving and name potassium iodide as the source.

Value100

The whole product costs about $0.12 per serving.
Price Per Effective Serving
The whole product costs about $0.12 per serving.
B- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value
A serving provides 2.6 mg of manganese as manganese amino acid chelate. The whole-product serving costs about $0.12.
How this ingredient is rated

Active Ingredient Quality & Bioavailability70

The saved form is manganese amino acid chelate, without a more specific binding compound.
Manganese Chemical Form
The saved form is manganese amino acid chelate, without a more specific binding compound.

Dose, Safety & Label Transparency86

The saved serving amount is 2.6 mg of elemental manganese.
Manganese Dosage Efficacy & Safety
The declared elemental manganese amount is 2.6 mg per serving.
Elemental Weight Disclosure
The elemental manganese amount is stated as 2.6 mg per serving.

Value100

The whole-product serving costs about $0.12 and provides 2.6 mg of manganese.
Price per Serving vs. Median
The recorded whole-product cost is about $0.12 per serving.
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyB+ Value
+3
Each serving provides 16.5 mg of zinc from citrate and oxide, but the amount from each form is unknown. The serving also contains 1.3 mg of copper, giving a zinc-to-copper ratio the evaluation views favorably.
How this ingredient is rated

Active Ingredient Quality & Bioavailability32

Zinc comes from citrate and oxide, but their proportions are unknown. The evaluation views oxide less favorably for absorption than citrate.
Zinc Form Bioavailability
Citrate and oxide contribute zinc in unknown proportions; oxide is rated less favorably for absorption than citrate.

Dose, Safety & Label Transparency91

The label identifies 16.5 mg of elemental zinc and names its sources. The 1.3 mg of copper gives a zinc-to-copper ratio the evaluation views favorably.
Elemental Dose Transparency
The label identifies 16.5 mg of elemental zinc per serving and lists zinc citrate and zinc oxide as its sources.
Zinc Dosage Safety & Effectiveness
The serving provides a moderate 16.5 mg of elemental zinc.
Zinc-to-Copper Mineral Balance
The serving has 1.3 mg of copper, giving a zinc-to-copper ratio of about 12.7:1 that the evaluation views favorably.

Value80

A whole-product serving costs about $0.12.
Price Per Serving Efficiency
A whole-product serving costs about $0.12.
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. [Comparative study of the urinary excretion of boron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis].
    José Ramón V; Mora Mora M; Marino Alarcón O; Hernández G; Josefina Linares L; Urdaneta Romero H; Arévalo González E · Investigacion clinica · 2013
    Case-control study45 participantsBone Health forBoron
  2. Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women.
    Nielsen FH; Hunt CD; Mullen LM; Hunt JR · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 1987
    Single-arm trial12 participantsBone Health forBoron
  3. The relationship between boron and magnesium status and bone mineral density in the human: a review.
    Volpe SL; Taper LJ; Meacham S · Magnesium research · 1994
    Narrative reviewBone Health forBoron
  4. Effects of boron supplementation on bone mineral density and dietary, blood, and urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and boron in female athletes.
    Meacham SL; Taper LJ; Volpe SL · Environmental health perspectives · 1995
    Randomized trial28 participantsBone Health forBoron
  5. Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations
    C D Hunt, J L Herbel, F H Nielsen · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 1997
    Non-randomized trial11 participantsBone Health forBoron
  6. What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Manoj P; Derwin R; George S · International journal of older people nursing · 2023
    Meta-analysis12,620 participants7 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
  7. Calcium supplementation prevents seasonal bone loss and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in elderly New England women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Storm D; Eslin R; Porter ES; Musgrave K; Vereault D; Patton C; Kessenich C; Mohan S; Chen T; Holick MF; Rosen CJ · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 1998
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  8. The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women.
    Prince R; Devine A; Dick I; Criddle A; Kerr D; Kent N; Price R; Randell A · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 1995
    Randomized trial168 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  9. The efficacy of calcium supplementation alone in elderly Thai women over a 2-year period: a randomized controlled trial.
    Rajatanavin R; Chailurkit L; Saetung S; Thakkinstian A; Nimitphong H · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial404 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  10. Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bonjour JP; Carrie AL; Ferrari S; Clavien H; Slosman D; Theintz G; Rizzoli R · The Journal of clinical investigation · 1997
    Randomized trial149 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  11. The Association between Dietary and Circulating Copper Levels and Osteoporosis: a Scoping Review.
    Ju Y; Xiong W; Pang Y; Chen Z; Hou J; Zheng S; Li Z; Liu T; Xia H; Xia M; Zhong Y; Li J; Jiang X · Biological trace element research · 2026
    Scoping review18 studies pooledBone Health forCopper
  12. Association between dietary copper, iron, zinc, selenium intake and osteopenia or osteoporosis in elderly hypertensive patients: a retrospective cohort study.
    Chen M; Jia L; Gao R · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Cohort study5,286 participantsBone Health forCopper
  13. Associations of dietary copper intake with total bone mineral density and lumbar spine bone mineral density in American adults.
    Hu M; Wang Z; Li C; Zheng Y; Hu J · Medicine · 2025
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forCopper
  14. The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study.
    Wei M; Wei J; Huang S · Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025
    Cross-sectional study11,520 participantsBone Health forCopper
  15. Association between dietary copper intake and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: A cross-sectional study.
    Cui A; Yan J; Li H; Fan Z; Wei X; Wang H; Zhuang Y · PloS one · 2024
    Cross-sectional study6,965 participantsBone Health forCopper
  16. Association between RBC folate and lumbar bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2009-2018.
    Wei H; Jin Z; Zhou L; Tang G; Chai S; Che X; Tan Y; Zeng W · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,315 participantsBone Health forFolate
  17. Genetic variants modify the associations of concentrations of methylmalonic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate with bone mineral density.
    Liu CT; Karasik D; Xu H; Zhou Y; Broe K; Cupples LA; Cpgm de Groot L; Ham A; Hannan MT; Hsu YH; Jacques P; McLean RR; Paul L; Selhub J; Trajanoska K; van der Velde N; van Schoor N; Kiel DP · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021
    Cohort study4,310 participantsBone Health forFolate
  18. Adequate Intake and Supplementation of B Vitamins, in Particular Folic Acid, can Play a Protective Role in Bone Health.
    Rondanelli M; Tartara A; Fossari F; Vecchio V; Faliva MA; Naso M; Perna S; Nichetti M; Peroni G · Current aging science · 2022
    Narrative review35,298 participants29 studies pooledBone Health forFolate Bone Health forVitamin B6
  19. Relation of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 to bone mineral density of postmenopausal women.
    Cagnacci A; Baldassari F; Rivolta G; Arangino S; Volpe A · Bone · 2004
    Cross-sectional study161 participantsBone Health forFolate
  20. Dietary intake of folate, but not vitamin B2 or B12, is associated with increased bone mineral density 5 years after the menopause: results from a 10-year follow-up study in early postmenopausal women.
    Rejnmark L; Vestergaard P; Hermann AP; Brot C; Eiken P; Mosekilde L · Calcified tissue international · 2008
    Cohort study1,869 participantsBone Health forFolate