Product Image

Serious Mass Vanilla

Optimum Nutrition
4.5
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(1238 ratings)
Sodium 590 mg
Niacin 50 mg
Choline 250 mg
Potassium 950 mg
Biotin 300 mcg
Copper 1 mg
Manganese 2 mg
Product Image
Score66
A specialized mass-gainer with huge calories, protein, and creatine, balanced by a very heavy carbohydrate load and difficult serving size.
How scoring works
Quantity:6 Pound(s) • (8 servings)
Goals:
Fitness
General Health
Bone Health
Hair Health

Score 66

A specialized mass-gainer with huge calories, protein, and creatine, balanced by a very heavy carbohydrate load and difficult serving size.
How scoring works

Also available as

4 options
Chocolate 336 Gram(s) • 6 lb(s) • 8 servings $48.49 ($6.06 per serving) Chocolate Peanut Butter 168 Gram(s) • 6 Pound(s) • 8 servings $56.99 ($7.12 per serving) Banana 336 Gram(s) • 6 Pound(s) • 8 servings $64.99 ($8.12 per serving) Strawberry 168 Gram(s) • 6 Pound(s) • 8 servings $64.99 ($8.12 per serving)
$64.99($8.12 per serving)
iHerb
$ 64.99
Vitacost
$ 50.99
Report prices

Analysis

A full serving supplies 1,250 calories and 50 grams of protein, making it capable of closing a large calorie gap. Three grams of creatine monohydrate adds a practical training component.

More than 250 grams of carbohydrate dominates the formula and is excessive for a general nutrition shake. The vitamin-mineral blend is broad, but small glutamine, inositol, and PABA amounts do not materially improve the core macronutrient profile.

The oversized serving may be easier to tolerate when divided, but it remains costly per full portion. Anyone already using a multivitamin or creatine should check for unnecessary duplication.

Who is it for
  • Adults who need substantial extra calories for weight gain
  • Strength trainees wanting creatine in a mass-gainer
Best for
  • Deliberate high-calorie surplus
  • Mass-gain shakes around training

Pros

  • Delivers 50 grams of protein
  • Contains three grams of creatine
  • Provides substantial calories for hard gainers

Cons

  • Extremely high carbohydrate amount
  • Large serving can be inconvenient
  • Several supporting ingredients are token additions

Warnings

  • The extreme carbohydrate load may sharply raise blood glucose and is poorly suited to people managing diabetes or insulin resistance
  • The large serving and creatine may cause bloating or digestive discomfort
  • Check the broad vitamin-mineral panel against other supplements to avoid unnecessary duplication

Nutrient quality

69 High impact

Vitamin D3, natural vitamin E, citrate, selenomethionine, and several chelated minerals are useful forms. Protein, carbohydrate, creatine, and several minerals are supplied in substantial amounts.

Ingredient transparency

80 Highest impact

Every listed active has a specific amount. Inactive ingredients are not supplied.

Customer satisfaction

67 High impact

The supplied average indicates generally favorable aggregate satisfaction. No detailed experience reports are available to identify repeated complaints or confirm perceived benefits.

Value for money

42 Lower impact

The large macronutrient serving supports some value, but the bottle provides very few servings. Serving value is weak because each use is expensive.

Report analysis

Goals

Fitness
Fitness
Impact
Highest effect
A Goal FitA- Strength of SupportA- CoverageA- Formula Quality
Magnesium · 120 mgVitamin D · 5 mcgCreatine · 3 Gram(s)

Creatine monohydrate, substantial protein, carbohydrate, and electrolytes support strength, recovery, and high training energy needs. The creatine amount is useful for daily performance support.

The very large serving supplies an unusually high calorie and carbohydrate load that requires a deliberate mass-gain context. It is appropriate for athletes needing concentrated energy intake rather than routine workout supplementation.

Study evidence
Creatine Supportive 143 studies
General Health
General Health
Impact
High effect
C Goal FitA- Strength of SupportB+ CoverageB- Formula Quality
Folate · 680 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 10 mcgVitamin D · 5 mcgMagnesium · 120 mgSelenium · 70 mcgZinc · 15 mgVitamin C · 60 mgCreatine · 3 Gram(s)

The formula supplies protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and creatine, but its main purpose is high-calorie weight gain rather than everyday foundational support. Its nutrient breadth can help people with unusually high energy needs, yet it is poorly matched to routine general wellness.

Many active amounts and forms are disclosed, including organic selenium and several useful mineral forms. The very large carbohydrate load, high cholesterol, and many fortified nutrients make it a specialized mass-gainer that should be matched to energy needs.

Study evidence
Creatine Supportive 42 studies
Selenium Supportive 70 studies
Bone Health
Bone Health
Impact
High effect
B Goal FitB- Strength of SupportB CoverageC+ Formula Quality
Phosphorus · 510 mgMagnesium · 120 mgCalcium · 600 mgVitamin D · 5 mcgCopper · 1 mgManganese · 2 mgZinc · 15 mgVitamin C · 60 mg

Substantial calcium and phosphorus provide bone mineral material, while protein supports the organic matrix and muscle loading that helps maintain bone. Magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, potassium, and vitamin D add broader nutritional support.

The calcium amount is slightly high for one efficient absorption window, vitamin D is low, and vitamin K is absent. The very large carbohydrate serving makes the product a mass gainer rather than a focused bone supplement.

Study evidence
Calcium Supportive 144 studies
Copper Disputed 20 studies
Magnesium Supportive 48 studies
Manganese Adverse 12 studies
Phosphorus Supportive 44 studies
Potassium Supportive 39 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 202 studies
Zinc Supportive 33 studies
Hair Health
Hair Health
Impact
High effect
C Goal FitB+ Strength of SupportC+ CoverageD Formula Quality
Biotin · 300 mcgVitamin D · 5 mcgZinc · 15 mgIron · 5 mgVitamin C · 60 mg

A substantial protein serving supplies amino acids needed for keratin production, while zinc, biotin, selenium, copper, and vitamins support normal follicles. The protein is not a hair-specific keratin or collagen peptide source.

Hair benefits would mainly apply when total protein or micronutrient intake is inadequate. The calorie-dense mass-gain formula is poorly focused for someone seeking targeted hair support.

Study evidence
Biotin Supportive 4 studies
Copper Adverse 4 studies
Iron Disputed 25 studies
Selenium Disputed 7 studies
Vitamin D Disputed 34 studies
Zinc Supportive 22 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Calories
1250 Calorie(s)
Total Fat
4 Gram(s)
Cholesterol
110 mg
Total Carbohydrate
253 Gram(s)
Protein
50 Gram(s)
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
 750 mcg
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
 60 mg
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
 5 mcg
Vitamin E (D-Alpha-Tocopheryl Succinate)
 20 mg
Thiamine (Thiamine Mononitrate)
 4.8 mg
Riboflavin
4 mg
Niacin (Niacinamide)
 50 mg
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)
 5 mg
Folate (Folic Acid)
 680 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
 10 mcg
Biotin (D-Biotin)
 300 mcg
Pantothenic Acid (D-Calcium Pantothenate)
 25 mg
Choline (Choline Bitartrate)
 250 mg
Calcium (Calcium Citrate, Dicalcium Phosphate)
 600 mg
Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)
 5 mg
Phosphorus (Dicalcium Phosphate, Dipotassium Phosphate)
 510 mg
Iodine (Potassium Iodide)
 53 mcg
Magnesium (Magnesium Aspartate)
 120 mg
Zinc (Zinc Citrate)
 15 mg
Selenium (Selenomethionine)
 70 mcg
Copper (Copper Gluconate)
 1 mg
Manganese (Manganese Amino Acid Chelate)
 2 mg
Chromium (Chromium Polynicotinate)
 120 mcg
Molybdenum (Molybdenum Amino Acid Chelate)
 75 mcg
Sodium
590 mg
Potassium (Dipotassium Phosphate)
 950 mg
Creatine Monohydrate
3 Gram(s)
L-Glutamine
500 mg
Inositol
250 mg
Para-Aminobenzoic Acid
5 mg
Adults 18–50
Report overview
Sodium · 590 mg OverallScore75
C Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyB- Value

An undisclosed sodium source limits confidence in ingredient quality. The sodium dose is well suited to meaningful athletic replenishment. Well-chosen supporting electrolytes strengthen the mineral profile, while the broader nutrition formula helps offset weak electrolyte-only value.

View ingredientView products
Niacin (Niacinamide) · 50 mg OverallScore72
B+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

The 50 mg niacinamide amount is clearly disclosed and suits general vitamin support with little expected flushing. A standard powder delivery offers no special release advantage, while the broader mass-gainer formula is designed mainly for calories and protein. The very costly serving makes it a poor choice when niacin is the main goal.

View ingredientView products
Choline (Choline Bitartrate) · 250 mg OverallScore67
C+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

Choline bitartrate is a suitable systemic form, but it is less targeted to cognitive delivery than Alpha-GPC or citicoline, and the 250 mg choline serving provides a substantial elemental amount. The stated amount requires a one-to-two-unit serving, while the cost per 100 mg of choline is high for a standard systemic form. The very large calorie, carbohydrate, sodium, and potassium load suits intentional mass gain rather than routine choline supplementation.

View ingredientView products
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Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Bone turnover and the response to alendronate treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
    Gonnelli S; Cepollaro C; Pondrelli C; Martini S; Montagnani A; Monaco R; Gennari C · Calcified tissue international · 1999
    Randomized trial100 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  2. Associations of dietary calcium intake with metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density among the Korean population: KNHANES 2008-2011.
    Kim MK; Chon SJ; Noe EB; Roh YH; Yun BH; Cho S; Choi YS; Lee BS; Seo SK · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018
    Cross-sectional study14,705 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  3. Treatment with alendronate plus calcium, alendronate alone, or calcium alone for postmenopausal low bone mineral density.
    Bonnick S; Broy S; Kaiser F; Teutsch C; Rosenberg E; DeLucca P; Melton M · Current medical research and opinion · 2007
    Randomized trial701 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  4. The Role of Sesbania grandiflora-Derived Biotin and Bambusa arundinacea-Derived Silica Extracts in Promoting Hair, Skin, and Nail Health: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study.
    Patel MN; Maheshvari J; Patel N · Cureus · 2025
    Randomized trial105 participantsHair Health forBiotin
  5. The Infatuation With Biotin Supplementation: Is There Truth Behind Its Rising Popularity? A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Efficacy versus Social Popularity.
    Soleymani T; Lo Sicco K; Shapiro J · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2018
    Narrative reviewHair Health forBiotin
  6. Vitamins A, B, C, and D: A Short Review for the Dermatologist.
    Coerdt KM; Goggins CA; Khachemoune A · Alternative therapies in health and medicine · 2021
    Narrative reviewHair Health forBiotin
  7. Association of dietary choline intake with incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease, and mild cognitive impairment: a large population-based prospective cohort study.
    Niu YY; Yan HY; Zhong JF; Diao ZQ; Li J; Li CP; Chen LH; Huang WQ; Xu M; Xu ZT; Liang XF; Li ZH; Liu D · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025
    Cohort study125,594 participantsCognitive Support forCholine
  8. Effects of choline alfoscerate on cognitive function and quality of life in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
    Sohn M; Park YH; Lim S · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025
    Randomized trial36 participantsCognitive Support forCholine
  9. Association of trimethylamine oxide and its precursors with cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Long C; Li Z; Feng H; Jiang Y; Pu Y; Tao J; Yue R · Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024
    Meta-analysis82,246 participants9 studies pooledCognitive Support forCholine
  10. Gut microbiota-mediated choline metabolism exacerbates cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
    Li X; Ren Y; Gao X; Wang H; Zhang J; Xie J; Liang J; Zhao B; Zhou H; Yin J · Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2025
    Cross-sectional studyCognitive Support forCholine
  11. What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Manoj P; Derwin R; George S · International journal of older people nursing · 2023
    Meta-analysis12,620 participants7 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
  12. Calcium supplementation prevents seasonal bone loss and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in elderly New England women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Storm D; Eslin R; Porter ES; Musgrave K; Vereault D; Patton C; Kessenich C; Mohan S; Chen T; Holick MF; Rosen CJ · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 1998
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  13. The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women.
    Prince R; Devine A; Dick I; Criddle A; Kerr D; Kent N; Price R; Randell A · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 1995
    Randomized trial168 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  14. The efficacy of calcium supplementation alone in elderly Thai women over a 2-year period: a randomized controlled trial.
    Rajatanavin R; Chailurkit L; Saetung S; Thakkinstian A; Nimitphong H · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial404 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  15. Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bonjour JP; Carrie AL; Ferrari S; Clavien H; Slosman D; Theintz G; Rizzoli R · The Journal of clinical investigation · 1997
    Randomized trial149 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  16. The Association between Dietary and Circulating Copper Levels and Osteoporosis: a Scoping Review.
    Ju Y; Xiong W; Pang Y; Chen Z; Hou J; Zheng S; Li Z; Liu T; Xia H; Xia M; Zhong Y; Li J; Jiang X · Biological trace element research · 2026
    Scoping review18 studies pooledBone Health forCopper
  17. Association between dietary copper, iron, zinc, selenium intake and osteopenia or osteoporosis in elderly hypertensive patients: a retrospective cohort study.
    Chen M; Jia L; Gao R · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Cohort study5,286 participantsBone Health forCopper
  18. Associations of dietary copper intake with total bone mineral density and lumbar spine bone mineral density in American adults.
    Hu M; Wang Z; Li C; Zheng Y; Hu J · Medicine · 2025
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forCopper
  19. The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study.
    Wei M; Wei J; Huang S · Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025
    Cross-sectional study11,520 participantsBone Health forCopper
  20. Association between dietary copper intake and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: A cross-sectional study.
    Cui A; Yan J; Li H; Fan Z; Wei X; Wang H; Zhuang Y · PloS one · 2024
    Cross-sectional study6,965 participantsBone Health forCopper
  21. Association between Serum Magnesium and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
    Dominguez LJ; Veronese N; Ciriminna S; Pérez-Albela JL; Vásquez-López VF; Rodas-Regalado S; Di Bella G; Parisi A; Tagliaferri F; Barbagallo M · Nutrients · 2023
    Meta-analysis119,755 participants4 studies pooledBone Health forMagnesium
  22. Bioabsorbable Magnesium-Based Materials Potential and Safety in Bone Surgery: A Systematic Review.
    Hung CH; Kwok YC; Yip J; Wong HH; Leung YY · Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2025
    Systematic review386 participants8 studies pooledBone Health forMagnesium
  23. Vascularized bone grafting fixed by biodegradable magnesium screw for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
    Zhao D; Huang S; Lu F; Wang B; Yang L; Qin L; Yang K; Li Y; Li W; Wang W; Tian S; Zhang X; Gao W; Wang Z; Zhang Y; Xie X; Wang J; Li J · Biomaterials · 2016
    Randomized trial48 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  24. An update on magnesium and bone health.
    Rondanelli M; Faliva MA; Tartara A; Gasparri C; Perna S; Infantino V; Riva A; Petrangolini G; Peroni G · Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2022
    Narrative reviewBone Health forMagnesium
  25. Sex-specific differences in the association of magnesium intake with femoral neck bone mineral density among older adults.
    Wang B; Tan X; Yao X; Zhu Z · Endocrine connections · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,343 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  26. Risk of Environmental Chemicals on Bone Fractures Is Independent of Low Bone Mass in US Adults: Insights from 2017 to 2018 NHANES.
    Ling R; Ai Y; Chen C; Zhang J; Zou Z; Cheng S; Li C; Li X; Wang B · Metabolites · 2023
    Cross-sectional study2,640 participantsBone Health forManganese
  27. The Manganese-Bone Connection: Investigating the Role of Manganese in Bone Health.
    Taskozhina G; Batyrova G; Umarova G; Issanguzhina Z; Kereyeva N · Journal of clinical medicine · 2024
    Narrative reviewBone Health forManganese
  28. Associations of multiple metals with bone mineral density: A population-based study in US adults.
    Wei MH; Cui Y; Zhou HL; Song WJ; Di DS; Zhang RY; Huang Q; Liu JA; Wang Q · Chemosphere · 2021
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forManganese
  29. Sex-specific associations of urinary mixed-metal concentrations with femoral bone mineral density among older people: an NHANES (2017-2020) analysis.
    Li H; Li G; Yi M; Zhou J; Deng Y; Huang Y; He S; Meng X; Liu L · Frontiers in public health · 2024
    Cross-sectional study31 participantsBone Health forManganese
  30. Relationship between blood manganese and bone mineral density and bone mineral content in adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.
    Wang C; Zhu Y; Long H; Ou M; Zhao S · PloS one · 2022
    Cross-sectional study9,732 participantsBone Health forManganese
  31. Dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour and physical activity association with bone mineral density among adolescent boys: a cross-sectional observational study.
    Kopiczko A; Czapla M; Juárez-Vela R; Ross C; Uchmanowicz B · BMC pediatrics · 2024
    Cross-sectional study115 participantsBone Health forPhosphorus
  32. Burosumab Improved Histomorphometric Measures of Osteomalacia in Adults with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: A Phase 3, Single-Arm, International Trial.
    Insogna KL; Rauch F; Kamenický P; Ito N; Kubota T; Nakamura A; Zhang L; Mealiffe M; San Martin J; Portale AA · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2020
    Single-arm trial14 participantsBone Health forPhosphorus
  33. Early high calcium and phosphorus intake by parenteral nutrition prevents short-term bone strength decline in preterm infants.
    Pereira-da-Silva L; Costa A; Pereira L; Filipe A; Virella D; Leal E; Moreira A; Rosa M; Mendes L; Serelha M · Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2011
    Randomized trialBone Health forPhosphorus
  34. Phosphate Metabolism in Health and Disease.
    Peacock M · Calcified tissue international · 2021
    Narrative reviewBone Health forPhosphorus
  35. Expert consensus on clinical management of metabolic bone disease of prematurity (2021).
    Yan-Mei C; Xin-Zhu L; Rong Z; Xi-Hong L; Xiao-Mei T; Ping-Yang C; Zhi-Chun F; Nutritional Committee of Neonatology Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association; Neonatal Nutrition and Health Management Group, Professional Committee of Child Health, Chinese Medical Doctor Association; Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. · Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2021
    Guideline / consensusBone Health forPhosphorus
  36. Effect of potassium citrate on bone density, microarchitecture, and fracture risk in healthy older adults without osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial.
    Jehle S; Hulter HN; Krapf R · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2013
    Randomized trial201 participantsBone Health forPotassium
  37. Long-term persistence of the urine calcium-lowering effect of potassium bicarbonate in postmenopausal women.
    Frassetto L; Morris RC; Sebastian A · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2005
    Randomized trial170 participantsBone Health forPotassium
  38. Partial neutralization of the acidogenic Western diet with potassium citrate increases bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
    Jehle S; Zanetti A; Muser J; Hulter HN; Krapf R · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2007
    Randomized trial161 participantsBone Health forPotassium
  39. Potassium citrate supplementation results in sustained improvement in calcium balance in older men and women.
    Moseley KF; Weaver CM; Appel L; Sebastian A; Sellmeyer DE · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2013
    Randomized trial52 participantsBone Health forPotassium
  40. Effects of potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate on endothelial function, cardiovascular risk factors, and bone turnover in mild hypertensives.
    He FJ; Marciniak M; Carney C; Markandu ND; Anand V; Fraser WD; Dalton RN; Kaski JC; MacGregor GA · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2010
    Randomized trial42 participantsBone Health forPotassium
  41. Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
    Moon RJ; D' Angelo S; Curtis EM; Ward KA; Crozier SR; Schoenmakers I; Javaid MK; Bishop NJ; Godfrey KM; Cooper C; Harvey NC; MAVIDOS Trial Group · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024
    Randomized trial454 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  42. Vitamin D analogs and bone: preclinical and clinical studies with eldecalcitol.
    Matsumoto T; Takano T; Saito H; Takahashi F · BoneKEy reports · 2014
    Narrative reviewBone Health forVitamin D
  43. Efficacy of vitamin D fortified foods on bone mineral density and serum bone biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies.
    Tangestani H; Djafarian K; Emamat H; Arabzadegan N; Shab-Bidar S · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis1,786 participants20 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin D
  44. Cholecalciferol Supplementation Attenuates Bone Loss in Incident Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prespecified Secondary Endpoint Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Tsujita M; Doi Y; Obi Y; Hamano T; Tomosugi T; Futamura K; Okada M; Hiramitsu T; Goto N; Isaka Y; Takeda A; Narumi S; Watarai Y · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2022
    Randomized trial193 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  45. Vitamin D supplementation and bone health in post-menopausal women: a 24-month randomized controlled intervention with enhanced bioavailability formulations.
    Rasool N; Munir Y · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Randomized trial612 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  46. Increased incidence of fractures in middle-aged and elderly men with low intakes of phosphorus and zinc.
    Elmståhl S; Gullberg B; Janzon L; Johnell O; Elmståhl B · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 1999
    Cohort study6,576 participantsBone Health forZinc
  47. Zinc Supplementation Increases Procollagen Type 1 Amino-Terminal Propeptide in Premenarcheal Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Berger PK; Pollock NK; Laing EM; Chertin V; Bernard PJ; Grider A; Shapses SA; Ding KH; Isales CM; Lewis RD · The Journal of nutrition · 2016
    Randomized trial147 participantsBone Health forZinc
  48. Randomized controlled trial of prenatal zinc supplementation and fetal bone growth.
    Merialdi M; Caulfield LE; Zavaleta N; Figueroa A; Costigan KA; Dominici F; Dipietro JA · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2004
    Randomized trial242 participantsBone Health forZinc
  49. The effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc, alkaline phosphatase activity and fracture healing of bones.
    Sadighi A; Roshan MM; Moradi A; Ostadrahimi A · Saudi medical journal · 2009
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forZinc
  50. Is Zinc an Important Trace Element on Bone-Related Diseases and Complications? A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review from Serum Level, Dietary Intake, and Supplementation Aspects.
    Ceylan MN; Akdas S; Yazihan N · Biological trace element research · 2021
    Meta-analysis40 studies pooledBone Health forZinc
  51. Creatine in combination with resistance training and improvement in muscle strength: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusFitness forCreatine
  52. Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians.
    Burke DG; Chilibeck PD; Parise G; Candow DG; Mahoney D; Tarnopolsky M · Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2004
    Randomized trial42 participantsFitness forCreatine
  53. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training.
    Vandenberghe K; Goris M; Van Hecke P; Van Leemputte M; Vangerven L; Hespel P · Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 1998
    Randomized trial19 participantsFitness forCreatine
  54. Effects of Combined Versus Single Supplementation of Creatine, Beta-Alanine, and L-Citrulline During Short Sprint Interval Training on Basketball Players' Performance: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Li M; Sheykhlouvand M · International journal of sports physiology and performance · 2025
    Randomized trial48 participantsFitness forCreatine
  55. The Additive Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Exercise Training in an Aging Population: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Stares A; Bains M · Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001) · 2021
    Systematic review17 studies pooledFitness forCreatine
  56. Effects of high-load, velocity-intentional variable resistance training combined with creatine supplementation on neuroplasticity, oxidative stress, inflammation, physical function, cognitive performance and quality of life in older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Fernandez-Garrido J; Martin EG; Saez-Berlanga A; Gargallo-Bayo P; Gene-Morales J; Alix-Fages C; Jiménez-Martínez P; Caballero O; Salvador-Palmer R; Colado JC · Experimental gerontology · 2026
    Randomized trial103 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  57. The impact of creatine supplementation associated with resistance training on muscular strength and lean tissue mass in the aged: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Liu S; Huang N; Wu W; OuYang X; Luo Y; Zhong Y; Wang M; Xiao L · European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2026
    Meta-analysis482 participants8 studies pooledGeneral Health forCreatine
  58. Creatine supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    Fuld JP; Kilduff LP; Neder JA; Pitsiladis Y; Lean ME; Ward SA; Cotton MM · Thorax · 2005
    Randomized trial38 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  59. A multi-metabolite signature robustly predicts long-term mortality in the PREDIMED trial and several US cohorts.
    Fernández-Duval G; Razquin C; Wang F; Yun H; Hu J; Guasch-Ferré M; Rexrode K; Balasubramanian R; García-Gavilán J; Ruiz-Canela M; Clish CB; Corella D; Gómez-Gracia E; Fiol M; Estruch R; Lapetra J; Fitó M; Serra-Majem L; Ros E; Liang L; Dennis C; Asensio EM; Castañer O; Planes FJ; Salas-Salvadó J; Hu FB; Toledo E; Martínez-González MA · Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2025
    Cohort study1,878 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  60. Plasma creatine, estimated intramuscular creatine, transcellular gradient and the risk of mortality: Results from the PREVEND study.
    Doorenbos CSE; Post A; Stegmann ME; Franssen CFM; Dullaart RPF; Navis G; Connelly MA; Bakker SJL · European journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Cohort study5,127 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  61. Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
    Cui Z; Xie R; Lu X; Schomburg L; Brenner H; Schöttker B · Redox biology · 2025
    Meta-analysis95 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  62. Dietary Antioxidants, Circulating Antioxidant Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies.
    Jayedi A; Rashidy-Pour A; Parohan M; Zargar MS; Shab-Bidar S · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019
    Meta-analysis507,251 participants41 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  63. The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
    Sharabati I; Qafesha RM; Hindawi MD; Amro S; Ayesh BM · Clinical endocrinology · 2024
    Meta-analysis4 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  64. Associations of plasma metal concentrations with the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Chinese adults.
    Shi L; Yuan Y; Xiao Y; Long P; Li W; Yu Y; Liu Y; Liu K; Wang H; Zhou L; Yang H; Li X; He M; Wu T · Environment international · 2021
    Cohort study6,155 participantsGeneral Health forSelenium
  65. Updates on clinical studies of selenium supplementation in radiotherapy.
    Puspitasari IM; Abdulah R; Yamazaki C; Kameo S; Nakano T; Koyama H · Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2015
    Systematic review16 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  66. Low serum biotinidase activity in children with valproic acid monotherapy.
    Schulpis KH; Karikas GA; Tjamouranis J; Regoutas S; Tsakiris S · Epilepsia · 2001
    Clinical trial125 participantsHair Health forBiotin
  67. Menkes disease and response to copper histidine: An Indian case series.
    Yoganathan S; Sudhakar SV; Arunachal G; Thomas M; Subramanian A; George R; Danda S · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2022
    Case series4 participantsHair Health forCopper
  68. Trace element levels in alopecia areata.
    Bhat YJ; Manzoor S; Khan AR; Qayoom S · Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology · 2009
    Case-control study100 participantsHair Health forCopper
  69. UV damage to hair and the effect of antioxidants and metal chelators.
    Millington KR; Marsh JM · International journal of cosmetic science · 2021
    In vitro / ex vivo studyHair Health forCopper
  70. Preserving fibre health: reducing oxidative stress throughout the life of the hair fibre.
    Marsh JM; Davis MG; Lucas RL; Reilman R; Styczynski PB; Li C; Mamak M; McComb DW; Williams RE; Godfrey S; Navqi KR; Chechik V · International journal of cosmetic science · 2016
    In vitro / ex vivo studyHair Health forCopper
  71. The Association Between Alopecia Areata and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Large-Scale Population-Based Case-Control Study.
    Davidovici B; Drutin Y; Ben-Tov A; Mimouni D; Wohl Y · Journal of personalized medicine · 2026
    Case-control study100,203 participantsHair Health forIron
  72. Iron Deficiency and Nonscarring Alopecia in Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Treister-Goltzman Y; Yarza S; Peleg R · Skin appendage disorders · 2022
    Meta-analysis10,029 participants36 studies pooledHair Health forIron
  73. Comparative Analysis of Postoperative Hair Loss and Micronutrient Deficiencies After One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy.
    Chinisaz F; Maleki T; Najjari K; Miratashi Yazdi SA · Obesity surgery · 2026
    Cohort study261 participantsHair Health forIron
  74. Assessment of Serum Ferritin Levels in Female Patients With Telogen Effluvium.
    Thamotharan N; Harikumar MV; Sundaram M; Swaminathan A; Rangarajan S · Cureus · 2026
    Cross-sectional study100 participantsHair Health forIron
  75. Diagnosis and treatment of female alopecia: Focusing on the iron deficiency-related alopecia.
    Lin CS; Chan LY; Wang JH; Chang CH · Tzu chi medical journal · 2023
    Cohort study155 participantsHair Health forIron
  76. Beyond Efficacy: 0.6% Selenium Disulfide Shampoo Matches 2% Ketoconazole for Seborrheic Dermatitis with Superior Cosmesis.
    Farris PK; Barbosa V; Houshman EB; Kovylkina N · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2026
    Randomized trial87 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  77. Selenium Disulfide-based shampoo applied for 4 weeks significantly improves dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
    Turcu G; Artenie C; Nowicka D; Arenbergerová M; Lazaridou E; Khobzei K; Ataseven A; Part M; Leclerc-Mercier S · European journal of dermatology : EJD · 2023
    Observational study1,407 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  78. A Comparative Randomized Clinical Study Assessing the Efficacy of a 1% Selenium Disulfide-Based Shampoo versus 2% Ketoconazole Shampoo in Subjects with Moderate to Severe Scalp Seborrheic Dermatitis.
    Barbosa V; Melo DF; Vañó-Galván S; Lutchmanen-Kolanthan V; Sant'Anna B; Leclerc-Mercier S; Reygagne P · Skin appendage disorders · 2025
    Randomized trial64 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  79. Changes of serum trace elements level in patients with alopecia areata: A meta-analysis.
    Jin W; Zheng H; Shan B; Wu Y · The Journal of dermatology · 2018
    Meta-analysis764 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  80. Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium.
    EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA); Turck D; Bohn T; Castenmiller J; de Henauw S; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Knutsen HK; Maciuk A; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Peláez C; Pentieva K; Siani A; Thies F; Tsabouri S; Vinceti M; Aggett P; Crous Bou M; Cubadda F; Ciccolallo L; de Sesmaisons Lecarré A; Fabiani L; Titz A; Naska A · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023
    Systematic reviewHair Health forSelenium
  81. Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Lee S; Kim BJ; Lee CH; Lee WS · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2018
    Meta-analysis2,039 participants14 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  82. Intralesional vitamin D3 in treatment of alopecia areata: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
    Rashad AF; Elgamal E; Fouda I · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  83. Vitamin D and its Analogs in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Alopecia Areata: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Alsaati AA; Kaliyadan F; Alsaadoun D; Alzakry LM; Alzabadin RA; Hakami TH; Rubaian NFB · Indian dermatology online journal · 2025
    Meta-analysisHair Health forVitamin D
  84. Topical calcipotriol vs narrowband ultraviolet B in treatment of alopecia areata: a randomized-controlled trial.
    El Taieb MA; Hegazy EM; Ibrahim HM; Osman AB; Abualhamd M · Archives of dermatological research · 2020
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  85. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D in non-scarring alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Chen Y; Dong X; Wang Y; Li Y; Xiong L; Li L · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024
    Meta-analysis10,670 participants23 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  86. The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial.
    Berger RS; Fu JL; Smiles KA; Turner CB; Schnell BM; Werchowski KM; Lammers KM · The British journal of dermatology · 2003
    Randomized trial200 participantsHair Health forZinc
  87. Incubatory environment of the scalp impacts pre-emergent hair to affect post-emergent hair cuticle integrity.
    Schwartz JR; Henry JP; Kerr KM; Flagler MJ; Page SH; Redman-Furey N · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2018
    Randomized trialHair Health forZinc
  88. A comparison of hair quality and cosmetic acceptance following the use of two anti-dandruff shampoos.
    Draelos ZD; Kenneally DC; Hodges LT; Billhimer W; Copas M; Margraf C · The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings · 2006
    Randomized trial40 participantsHair Health forZinc
  89. BMI and levels of zinc, copper in hair, serum and urine of Turkish male patients with androgenetic alopecia.
    Ozturk P; Kurutas E; Ataseven A; Dokur N; Gumusalan Y; Gorur A; Tamer L; Inaloz S · Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2015
    Case-control study216 participantsHair Health forZinc
  90. Analysis of serum zinc and copper concentrations in hair loss.
    Kil MS; Kim CW; Kim SS · Annals of dermatology · 2013
    Case-control study342 participantsHair Health forZinc